• 생물정신의학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2004

Objectives:Tardive dyskinesia(TD) is a serious side effect associated with long-term antipsychotic treatments. Some candidate genetic polymorphisms were reported to be associated with TD and possible involvement of serotonergic receptors in the pathophysiology of TD has been suggested. In the present study, we investigated the association between $5-HT_6$ receptor gene polymorphism and TD with schizophrenia. Methods:To investigate the relationship between $5-HT_6$ receptor gene polymorphism and TD, 60 patients with TD were compared with 60 patients without TD. The 267C/T allele of $5-HT_6$ receptor gene was genotyped by means of polymerase chain reaction method. TD was evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS). Results:The patients with the three 267C/T genotype showed no significant differences in age, gender, and duration of illness. No significant difference in genotype frequencies was observed between schizophrenic patients with and without TD. In addition, there was no difference in allele frequencies. Further analysis with an measure of AIMS scores showed that these scores were not significantly influenced by the $5-HT_6$ receptor gene polymorphism. Conclusion:These results suggest that 267C/T polymorphism of $5-HT_6$ receptor gene is not significantly associated with susceptibility to TD in schizophrenia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5937-5946
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• 2012

The term endocrine disruptors is used to describe a variety of natural and manmade substances that have the capacity to potentially interfere with and modify the normal physiology of endocrine system either by mimicking, blocking or modulating the actions of natural endogenous hormones. The rising incidence of breast cancer over the last 50 years and the documented higher incidence in urban as compared to rural areas suggest a relationship to the introduction and increased use of xenoestrogens in our environment. The literature has developed over the last decades where initial experiments on endocrine disruptors did not support an involvement in breast cancer, and then evidence mounted implicating various environmental factors including hormones, endocrine disrupting chemicals and non-endocrine disrupting environmental carcinogens in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Available data support the hypothesis that exposure to endocrine disruptors in utero leaves a signature on mammary gland morphogenesis so that the resulting dysgenic gland becomes more predisposed to develop tumors upon exposures to additional insults later on during life. Exceptionally, exposure to phytoestrogens could be beneficial to human health. Most of the available data are from well developed countries while the developing countries are still understudied regarding these issues. Here, we raise a note of caution about potential role of environmental toxins including endocrine disruptors in breast cancer development and call for serious measures to be taken by all involved parties in the developing world.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2020

부동산 중개서비스가 기존의 오프라인 의존 방식에서 벗어나 온라인과 연계하여 서비스를 이용하는 방식으로 시장이 변화해가고 있는 시점에서 중개서비스 앱을 통한 제공자와의 접촉이 보편적인 거래과정으로 정착되기 위해 주안점을 두고 관리해야 할 요소가 어떤 것들이 있는지 실증적으로 분석하였다. 이에 Venkatesh et al. (2003)의 UTAUT모형에 보안, 심미 요인을 추가해 구성한 확장된 UTAUT모형을 통해 소비자의 서비스 수용에 미치는 영향 관계 분석을 위한 연구모형을 제안하고 분석하였다. 연구결과를 요약해보면 첫째, 6개의 독립변수 중 성과기대, 촉진, 보안, 심미 요인은 소비자의 긍정적인 태도 형성에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 긍정적 태도는 서비스 수용에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으며. 셋째, 긍정적 태도와 서비스 수용 간에 영향관계에 있어 관여도가 조절 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 학문적 측면의 시사점으로는 정보기술 서비스 연구에 있어 해당 업의 특성에 맞게 요인을 추가하여 선행이론의 확장적 측면이 있으며 또한 태도에서 서비스 수용행동까지 이어지는 영향관계와 이를 조절하는 변수의 연구까지 연구 범위를 확대해 통합적인 관점을 제시했다. 실무적 측면에서는 소비자들이 부동산 중개서비스 앱을 앱 서비스를 수용하는데 영향을 미치는 유의미한 요소를 구체적으로 제시하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2010

In the environment of 450mm wafers production known as the next-generation semiconductor production process, one of the most significant features is the full automation over the whole manufacturing processes involved. The full automation system for 450mm wafer production will minimize the human workers' involvement in the manufacturing process as much as possible. In addition, since the importance of an individual wafer processing increases noticeably, it is necessary to develop more robust scheduling systems in the whole manufacturing process than so ever. The scheduling systems for the next-generation semiconductor production processes also should be capable of monitoring individual wafers and collecting useful data on them in real time. Based on the information gathered from these processes, the system should finally have a real-time scheduling functions controlling whole the semiconductor manufacturing processes. In this study, preliminary investigations on the requirements and needed functions for constructing the real time scheduling system and transforming manufacturing environments for 300mm wafers to those of 400mm are conducted and through which the next generation semiconductor processes for efficient scheduling in a clustered production system architecture of the scheduler is proposed. Our scheduling architecture is composed of the modules for real-time scheduling, the clustered production type supporting, the optimal scheduling and so on. The specifications of modules to define the major required functions, capabilities, and the relationship between them are presented.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.122-131
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the socio-psychological coping process and experiences of families before and after institutionalization by applying the Corbin and Strauss ground research method. Method: Data collection from 9 participants with elderly institutionalized dementia with approval from directors of the institute was done by in depth interviews during a seven month period from May, 2003 to December, 2003. Data analysis was done by repeated reading of the transcribed interviews, and 344 concepts and 39 subcategories were generated. Results: Family members of the dementia elderly experienced various degrees of exhaustion, physically, mentally, and socially. The degree of their exhaustion was related to the severity of the family member's symptoms, and length of the dementia. Coping strategies were effected by economic status, social support from blood related families or neighbors, depth of their relationship with elderly institutionalized dementia. They were even affected by the elderly family members institutionalization. Conclusion: After institutionalization participants felt some guilt from not assuming their responsibilities as children. On the other hand they regained privacy, freedom, security, and comfort, so that their life returned to normal. They even felt more comfort because their elderly were living in a safer environment, and received a better quality of care. Participants had better composure, so that they could even take care of neighbors in need. They hope that there is more governmental involvement in terms of subsidy and numbers of institutes. Findings of the study will be a ground for the development of a coping program for families with elderly institutionalized dementia. Further studies are recommended to explore types of family, and to develop programs for the families to help them interact with each other.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.89-111
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of social participation among female baby boomers. The key research questions were asked in what kind of activities do female baby boomers engage as social participation? The in-depth interview was used with 11 female baby boomers who were born between 1955 to 1963. The interview text were analyzed by the qualitative study method. The findings are as follows. First, the most common type of social participation was having hobbies and leisure activities, and the other were participating in religious activities, learning activities, volunteer activities and on-line club activities. Second, social participation gave them meanings such as joy, satisfaction, and experiences of seeing the new world as well as opportunities to make up low sense of self-esteem formed in their young age. Third, they were considering it was time to change their social participation. The cases who were actively engaging in social participation considered old age as 'the process of reducing social participation'. Some other cases considered to 'share hobbies with spouse', and to 'achieve new goals and dreams'. The results showed that female baby boomers started their social participation in their middle ages when they became free from their children's education. The level of the involvement in social participation was reduced in their old age. Surprisingly, some interviewees planned to accomplish their dreams and goals that they haven't achieved yet. These differences among the cases could be attributed to the individual characteristics such as personality, birth order, economic and educational background, and to the social relationship.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4881-4883
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• 2015

A population-based relationship between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk is now generally accepted. However there were only few studies reported on prognostic impact. To determine the effect of low vitamin D on progression of breast cancer, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of vitamin D levels and clinico-pathological characteristics in 200 cases of breast cancer diagnosed during 2011-2012 at the National Cancer Institute of Thailand. Vitamin D levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Clinical and pathological data were accessed to examine prognostic effects of vitamin D. We found that the mean vitamin D level was $23.0{\pm}6.61ng/ml$. High vitamin D levels (${\geq}32ng/ml$) were detected in 7% of patients, low levels (<32 ng/ml) in 93% Mean vitamin D levels for stages 1-4 were $26.1{\pm}6.35$, $22.3{\pm}6.34$, $22.2{\pm}6.46$ and $21.3{\pm}5.42ng/ml$ respectively (P=0.016) and 24.1 and 21.3 ng/ml for lymph node negative and positive cases (P=0.006). Low vitamin D level (<32 ng/ml) was significantly found in majority of cases with advanced stage of the disease (P=0.036), positive node involvement (P=0.030) and large tumors (P=0.038). Our findings suggest that low and decreased level of vitamin D might correlate with progression and metastasis of breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4983-4988
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• 2012

The xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C gene (XPC) has been identified as important for repairing UV-related DNA damage. Some subtle changes in this gene may impair repair efficiency and influence susceptibility to human cancers, including skin cancer. Two polymorphisms in XPC, 939A>C (rs2228001) and 499C>T (rs2228000), are considered to have possible associations with the risk of skin cancer, but the reported results have been inconsistent. Here we performed a meta-analysis of the available evidence regarding the relationship between these two polymorphisms and the risk of skin cancer. All relevant studies were searched using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science before February 2012. A total of 8 case-control studies were included in this analysis, and no convincing associations between the two polymorphisms and risk of skin cancer were observed in any of the genetic models. Stratified analyses by skin cancer type also did not detect significant associations in any subgroup. This meta-analysis suggested that the XPC 939A>C and 499C>T polymorphisms may have little involvement in susceptibility to skin cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3601-3604
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• 2016

Background: The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a potent chemoattractant for natural killer cells, monocytes, and memory T lymphocytes. However, any role in the genesis of salivary gland tumors (SGT) is unknown. To assess the diagnostic relevance of chemokines in SGT, MCP-1 levels in the serum of patients were investigated in association with tumor progression and clinical aggressiveness. Materials and Methods: Using an ELISA kit, we assessed and compared the circulating levels of MCP-1 in blood serum of 70 SGT patients with 44 healthy control samples. Results: The results of this study showed that the concentration of MCP-1 was significantly lower in patients with benign ($463.8{\pm}158.5pg/ml$, P=0.033) and malignant ($454.8{\pm}190.4pg/ml$, P=0.007) SGT than in healthy subjects ($645.7{\pm}338.9$). No significant difference in mean serum levels of MCP-1 was observed between the benign and malignant group (p=0.9). While MCP-1 levels were lower in patients with an advanced clinical stage, advanced tumor size, higher tumor grade, or lymph node involvement, but the mean MCP-1 level between groups showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: MCP-1 levels in the serum of patients with SGT were decreased, indicating that this might a good marker for discriminating patients with SGT from healthy people. However, no clear-cut relationship was detected between MCP-1 levels and clinicopathologic factors, and MCP-1 is not a good marker for evaluating tumor dissemination.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5073-5076
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• 2013

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the miR-198 expression level is related to clinicopathological factors and prognosis of esophageal cancer. Methods: MicroRNA was extracted from esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery for assessment using the Taqman@ MicroRNA assay. The correlation between miR-198 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed, and the significance of miR-198 as a prognostic factor and its relationship with survival was determined. Results: MicroRNA-198 (miR-198) expression was higher in patients with poor prognosis than those with good prognosis (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed that the miR-198 expression level had a significant correlation with survival time (P=0.030) and that patients with a higher expression of miR-198 had a shorter survival time. Cox multi-factor model analysis showed that patient prognosis (P=0.014), tumor length (P=0.040) and expression (P=0.012), and survival time had a significant correlation; the corresponding risks were 7.268, 1.246, and 3.524, respectively. Conclusion: miR-198 overexpression is involved in the poor prognosis of esophageal cancer and can be used as a biomarker for selection of cases requiring especial attention.