• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.98-106
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• 2015

Analytical method for related substances can be categorized into two methods depending on the necessity of reference standard (RS). The analytical method of related substances with RS is fast and accurate, but it's very expensive and technically difficult to synthesize RS due to their complicated structure. Another method is using relative retention time (RRT) and relative response factor (RRF) which are already validated with RS. Validation of this method is not easy and time consuming, but once it has been developed, it can save cost and time. In this study, we developed the analytical method for related substances of fenofibrate using RRT and RRF. We validated the method by evaluating specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision according to the "Manual for Guideline Application for Validation of Analytical Procedures" of MFDS. Also, we calculated RRT and RRF between fenofibrate and fenofibrate related substances. The results of this study showed high specificity for fenofibrate and fenofibrate related substances. Correlation coefficient(r) of all substances were more than 0.99, and the recovery of fenofibrate, fenofibrate related substance I, II and III were 99.44%, 100.84%, 99.14% and 101.58%, respectively. Precision of fenofibrate and its related substances were ranged between RSD 0.29% and 0.93%. Quantification limits of fenofibrate, fenofibrate related substance I, II and III were determined to be $0.03{\mu}g/ml$, $0.05{\mu}g/ml$, $0.04{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.02{\mu}g/ml$, respectively by confirming signal to noise ratio of each chromatogram. The RRT for fenofibrate related substance I, II and III were determined to be 0.35, 0.41 and 1.34, respectively. Also, the RRF for fenofibrate related substance I, II and III were determined to be 1.28, 0.98 and 0.79, respectively. The developed method was applied to determine contents for fenofibrate related substances in commercial fenofibrate (active pharmaceutical ingredient). As a result, developed analytical methods of related substances will be used for revising the monograph of fenofibrate in Korean Pharmacopoeia revision and contribute quality control of drugs by improving cost and time consuming problem of RS.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.608-617
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze related factors in relation to usage of illicit substances for Korean adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which used data from the Twelfth Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). A total of 65,528 students in 2016 were included in this study. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for analyzing related factors using illicit substances. Results: Overall, 553 (0.8%) students responded as having ever used illicit substances during their lifetime and 133 (0.2%) students responded as current illicit substance users. It was found that electronic cigarette (EC) use, conventional cigarette smoking, second hand smoking, sad/despair mood, and economic status were significantly associated factors with usage of illicit substances. Comparing 'current EC users' with 'never EC users', the adjusted odds ratios (OR) was 7.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.56-10.82) for life-time use of illicit substances, and 18.74 (95% CI: 8.01-43.87) for current use of illicit substances among adolescents. Additionally, comparing 'students who ever were exposed to second hand smoking during the past week', with 'students who never were exposed to second hand smoking', the adjusted OR was 2.60 (95% CI: 2.13-3.17) for life-time use of illicit substances, and 2.85 (95% CI: 1.68-4.83) for current use of illicit substances among adolescents. Conclusions: Based on the results, electronic cigarette use, second hand smoking, conventional cigarette smoking, sad/despair mood, and economic status were significantly associated with increased odds of substance experience and current substance use. Therefore, the results of this study can provide a useful evidence about adolescent behaviors in predicting substance use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.473-480
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• 2020

In this study, I analyzed problems of safety management system of hazardous substances and proposed improvement measures. By statistics of Korea National Fire Agency it shows that hazardous substances of not less than a designated quantity were 2,180 factorys, 24,732 handling places and 85,218 storing places in 2018. also It has been conformed that Fire accidents break out year after year in factory, etc. so In this study, I analyzed the safety controllers of hazardous substances of the present law and fire statistics. therefore I has been found out the problems that the first, safety controllers' status. the second, There is no laws related design, installation, installation supervision. the third, fire safety inspection. This study will be used a basic data for preventing of extensive hazazardous substances-related accident that is very difficult handling.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1277-1287
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• 2014

As concerns have been raised about health effects of children's products containing hazardous chemicals on children, the Korea Ministry of Environment announced 135 environmental hazardous substances in children's products (EHSCP) which were subject to risk assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the current status of EHSCP for management due to their various exposure routes and types. In this study, we investigated the exposure assessment of EHSCP as well as relevant policies implemented in domestic and foreign countries. Domestic and foreign cases of detection of EHSCP were reviewed in the literature and websites of related agencies. Due to the lack of reference values for child-specific toxicity of EHSCP, those for adults and regulatory status of EHSCP were also investigated and reviewed with literature. The related agencies of foreign countries provided 13 child-specific reference doses (RfDs), 76 RfDs, and 42 reference concentrations as toxicity reference values of the EHSCP. Among substances investigated in the studies to assess exposure of hazardous substances in children's products by the Korea Ministry of Environment, 23 substances were included in 135 EHSCP. The same studies identified 9 substances which were excluded from the 135 EHSCP. For regulatory status for hazardous substances in children's products, 44 substances (32.6 %) and 84 substances (62.2 %) of 135 EHSCP were under regulation in Korea and foreign countries, respectively. In the present study, we found that a list of 135 EHSCP should be revised to ensure children's safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.682-686
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• 1998

To use onion(Allium cepa L.) residue as raw materials of food products, contents and stability of quercetin-related substance in onion were investigated. The amount of quercetin-related substance of onion was richer in the inedible portion(317.99mg%) than the edible protion(4.10mg%). Total quercetin-related substances of juice and residue from fresh onions were 2.26mg% and 1.57mg%, respectively, but they were changed to 1.50mg% and 2.96mg% by heating at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 10min. Quercetin was found to be stable at 20$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, but it was unstable to light. When it was illuminated with 30W, the content was decreased and reached to 80~85% of the original content after 48 hours. Quercetin was not affected by pH, but quercitrin and rutin were unstable below pH 5.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-152
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• 2009

According to the third study on the distribution of chemical substances carried out by the Department of Environment in 2006, there were a total of 900 chemical substances whose respective annual usage amount exceeded 1,000 tons and, among them, 90 substances belonged to the 168 hazardous substances requiring management(53.6%). The work-related illnesses caused by hazardous substances requiring management in Korea between $1992{\sim}2005$ can be classified into four groups depending on the type of the chemical substances. These four groups are 23 organic substances including benzene, 12 metals including lead, 3 acids and bases including hydrogen chloride, and 6 gaseous substances including carbon monoxide. These hazardous substances requiring management were again classified depending on the threshold limit values. The chemicals whose TLV was lower than or equal to 0.005 ppm included 4 organic substances including methylene bisphenyl isocyanate and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). The chemicals whose TLV was larger than 51 ppm included 22 organic substances including diethyl ether and 1,2-dichloroethylene. When we classified these hazardous substances requiring management according to the categories of GHS health hazards, we found that isobutyl acetate and magnesium oxide didn't belong to the 13 health hazard categories. Among the substances whose TLV is set and whose annual usage amount is more than 0.1 million ton, we recommended 12 chemical species including 4,4'-Methylenedianiline as new hazardous substances requiring management. All the recommended substances were found to be hazardous when we classified their health hazards.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.24-29
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• 2014

To data, there was no systematic basis for establishing the content and allowed levels of general contamination substances in the Korean groundwater quality standards for non-drinking water. Recently, use of specific procedures for deriving valid groundwater quality standards have become mandatory. This study first investigated the methodology for deriving groundwater quality standards in the European Commission (EC), considering background groundwater quality and domestic and international standards related to water quality. Furthermore, this study investigated the existing specified procedure of standards related to water quality (e.g. surface water, drinking water, and wastewater). Our findings showed that EC and Member States presented the methods for deriving groundwater threshold values for general chemicals. Finally, we have proposed the following procedures of deriving Korean groundwater quality: (1) Selection of groundwater pollutant population, (2) selection and monitoring of priority substances, (3) monitoring, (4) selection of groundwater quality standard candidates, (5) selection of new substances and values for groundwater quality standards.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.363-373
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• 2022

Multi-omics data is difficult to interpret due to the heterogeneity of information by the volume of data, the complexity of characteristics of each data, and the diversity of omics platforms. There is not yet a system for interpreting to visualize research data on environmental diseases concerning environmental harmful substances. We provide MEE, a web-based visualization tool, to comprehensively explore the complexity of data due to the interconnected characteristics of high-dimensional data sets according to exposure to various environmental harmful substances. MEE visualizes omics data of correlation between omics data, subjects and samples by keyword searches of meta data, multi-omics data, and harmful substances. MEE has been demonstrated the versatility by two examples. We confirmed the correlation between smoking and asthma with RNA-seq and Methylation-Chip data, it was visualized that genes (P HACTR3, PXDN, QZMB, SOCS3 etc.) significantly related to autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. To visualize the correlation between atopic dermatitis and heavy metals, we selected 32 genes related immune response by integrated analysis of multi-omics data. However, it did not show a significant correlation between mercury in blood and atopic dermatitis. In the future, should continuously collect an appropriate level of multi-omics data in MEE system, will obtain data to analyze environmental substances and diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.674-680
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• 2013

Basic studies for the treatment of particulate organic substances contained in wastewater by flotation have been conducted. Four kinds of plastics were chosen as the possibly existing organic particles in wastewater and the Zisman plots for these substances were constructed by measuring the contact angle of liquids on their surfaces. The critical surface tensions for these organic substances were estimated based on the constructed Zisman plot and the floatability of organic substances were regarded to be related with their molecular structure. The existence of dissolved organic substances such as a surfactant was observed to affect the extent of flotation of particulate organics. In addition, the consideration of work of adhesion was thought to be better than adopting the critical surface tension as the analytical basis in the operational design of flotation process of organic particles.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Mushroom is well known for a safe food for a long time and, what is more, has a lot of useful characteristics related on the pharmacological activities. It is expected to be one of the most important functional food due to its diverse bioactive compounds. Especially, medical potentiality on immunomodulator and antitumor continues to be focused. Recent research trend and commercialization of functional healthy food using mushroom and its bioactive compounds will be herein introduced. Industrialization of mushroom functional substances will be also discussed.