• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

Patients with maxillary hypoplasia secondary to cleft lip and palate present numerous challenging problems for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon, These patients present with maxillary hypoplasia in multiclimensions, and often have thin or structually weak bone. This deformity has been traditionally corrected by Le Fort I osteotomy and acute skeletal advancement with wide surgical exposure. The long-term results of cleft patients with maxillary deficiency treated with this traditional approach has been sometimes disappointing, and an increased relapse tendency has been reported, Distraction osteogenesis for these cleft patients offers successful results while potentially minimizing the risk of relapse. Advancing the maxilla via distraction forces requires only a minor surgical procedure that maintains vascularity and neurosensory integrity. Moreover, the response of the facial soft tissues during maxillary distraction has proven to be more favorable than with a conventional LeFort I osteotomy. The purpose of this report is to present the use of maxillary distraction osteogenesis by rigid external distraction (RED) system for the treatment of patient with maxillary deficiency secondary to cleft lip and palate.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.222-227
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate prognostic factors for survival from first relapse (SFFR) in stage I-III breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: From June 1994 to June 2008, 3,835 patients were treated with surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I-III breast cancer at Samsung Medical Center. Among them, a total of 224 patients died by June 2009, and 175 deaths were of breast cancer. Retrospective review was performed on medical records of 165 patients who met the inclusion criteria of this study. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done on survivals according to variables, such as age, stage, hormone status of tumor, disease-free interval (DFI), sites of first failure, number of organs involved by recurrent disease (NOR), application of salvage treatments, and existence of brain or liver metastasis (visceral metastasis). Results: Patients' median overall survival time was 38 months (range, 8 to 123 months). Median SFFR was 17 months (range, 5 to 87 months). Ninety percent of deaths occurred within 40 months after first recurrence. The patients with SFFR ${\leq}1$ year had tendency of triple-negativity, shorter DFI (${\leq}2$ years), larger NOR (>3), visceral metastasis for first relapse than the patients with SFFR >1 year. In multivariate analysis, longer DFI (>2 vs. ${\leq}2$ years), absence of visceral metastasis, and application of salvage treatments were statistically significant prognosticators for longer SFFR. Conclusion: The DFI, application of salvage treatments, and visceral metastasis were significant prognostic factors for SFFR in breast cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-131
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• 2000

In the study of craniofacial deformity, it is very important that identifying the factor which can affect the morphology and which is closely related to the morphology, because it can not only improve the comprehension of growth and developmental process but also be applied in growth prediction and treatment modality. Several investigators have already mentioned the characterstics of head posture and airway space in relations to morphologic difference. But it is very meaningful work in clarifying the correlation between morphology, head posture and airway space that observing the change of head posture after morplologic change caused by operation and the change of airway space after same procedure. To investigate above correlation, I selected normal group which is consisted of 43 adults and mandibular prognathism group which is consisted of 47 adults who had been operated by sagittal split ramus osteotomy and were followed up more than 1 year. With their lateral skull radiograghs, reference lines which can evaluate each measuring points and areas without effect of postural change were first determined. And using above reference lines, change of airway space, positional change of tongue and hyoid, change of cranial and cervical angulations were measured. The results obtained from the study were as follows 1. In the change of head posture, the position of tongue and hyoid neighboring to pharynx is more closely related to the reference line of cervical column than to reference line of cranium. 2. After mandibular setback operation, the airway dimension was decreased to 81.6% of preoperative state at 1 month postoperatively and was slightly increased to 89.7% at 1 year postoperatively. 3. Posterior movement of tongue plays important role in decrease of airway dimension and inferior movement of hyoid was closely correlated with posterior movement of tongue. 4. Postoperative anterior movement of mandible, namely, morphologic relapse had correlation with relapse phenomenon of airway dimension. 5. Craniocervical angulation increased postoperatively. Especially in the postoperative early state, there was increased foreward inclination of cervical angulation rather than increase of cranial angulation. But at postoperative 1 year it was observed that cervical inclination was returned to preoperative state and cranial angulation was increased gradually. 6. Increase rate of airway dimension was correlated with the increase of cranial angulation from postoperative 1 month to 1 year. In conclusion, relapse tendency of airway dimension following increase of cranial angulation was found after mandibular setback operation and it is considered that increase of cranial angulation is one of compensatory mechanism in airway maintenance.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.570-593
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• 1996

This study was intended to perform the influence of condyle positional change after surgical correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion after BSSRO in 20 patients(males 9, females 11) using computed tomogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, immediate, and long term after surgery and lateral cephalogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, 7 days within the period intermaxillary fixation, 24hour after removing intermaxillary fixation and long term after surgery. 1. Mean intercondylar distance was $84.45{\pm}4.01mm$ and horizontal long axis of condylar angle was $11.89{\pm}5.19^{\circ}$on right, $11.65{\pm}2.09^{\circ}$on left side and condylar lateral poles were located about 12mm and medial poles about 7mm from reference line(AA') on the axial tomograph. Mean intercondylar distance was $84.43{\pm}3.96mm$ and vertical axis angle of condylar angle was $78.72{\pm}3.43^{\circ}$on right, $78.09{\pm}6.12^{\circ}$on left. 2. No statistical significance was found on the condylar change(T2C-T1C) but it had definitive increasing tendency. There was significant decreasing of the distance between both condylar pole and the AA'(p<0.05) during the long term(TLC-T2C). 3. On the lateral cephalogram, no statistical significance was found between immediate after surgery and 24 hours after the removing of intermaxillary fixation but only the lower incisor tip moved forward about 0.33mm(p<0.05). Considering individual relapse rate, mean relapse rate was 1.2% on L1, 5.0% on B, 2.0% on Pog, 9.1% on Gn, 10.3% on Me(p<0.05). 4. There was statistical significance on the influence of the mandibular set-back to the total mandibular relapse(p<0.05). 5. There was no statistical significance on the influence of the mandibular set-back(T2-T1) to the condylar change(T2C-T1C), the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C) to the mandibular total relapse, the pre-operative condylar position to the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C), the pre-operative mandibular posture to the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C)(p>0.05). 6. The result of multiple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative condylar position to the total mandibular relapse revealed that the more increasing of intercondylar distance and condylar vertical axis angle and decreasing of condyalr head long axis angle, the more increasing of mandibular horizontal relapse(L1,B,Pog,Gn,Me) on the right side condyle. The same result was founded in the case of horizontal relapse(L1,Me) on the left side condyle.(p<0.05). 7. The result of multiple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative condylar position to the pre-operative mandibular posture revealed that the more increasing of intercondylar distance and condylar vertical axis angle and decreasing of condylar head long axis angle, the more increasing of mandibular vertical length on the right side condyle. and increasing of vertical lengh & prognathism on the left side condyle(p<0.05). 8. The result of simple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative mandibular posture to the mandibular total relapse revealed that the more increasing of prognathism, the more increasing of mandibular total relapse in B and the more increasing of over-jet the more increasing of mandibular total relapse(p<0.05). Consequently, surgical mandibular repositioning was not significantly influenced to the change of condylar position with condylar reposition method.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 1983

By observing the lateral cephalometric radiograms of the Naso-pharynx of the mouth breatheres with adenoid hyperplasia, orthodontists could use the 'discriminant function' as the supplementary diagnotic aid for the malocclusion cases with mouth bloating. The purpose of this study was to ustilize the 'discriminant function' as the indicator to remove the etiologic factor producing the relapse. The author used the 19 boys and 20 girls, who were the nasal-breathers with normal occlusion as the control group, and 16 boys and 20 girls, who were the mouth breathers with adenoid hypaplasia and malocclusion. The age of the both groups was ranged from 12ys to 15ys. Results were as following; 1. There was the difference in the bony structure of Naso-pharynx between the mouth-breathers nasal-breathers. 2. IMRA of the mouth breathers was smaller than the nasal breathers'. 3. The mouth-breathers had the skeletal open bite tendency. 4. Discriminant function: $$D_i=9.85374+ax_2+bx_4+cx_6+dx_7+ex_8$$ a = -0.1211273 b = 0.5908992 c = -1.508446 d = -1.541869 e = 1.404478.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.412-420
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• 1991

Seventeen rigid screw fixation and sixteen nonrigid wire fixation cases of mandibular sagittal slit ramus osteotomy were selected to compare postoperative dental and skeletal changes. A constructed horizontal plane was drawn seven degrees under sella-nasion plane and detailed cephalometirc assessment was applied to serial radiographic films taken before surgery($T_0$), immediately after surgery($T_1$), and at least six months after surgery($T_2$). Linear and angular positional changes were measured and analyzed statistically using paired t-test method and percent of positional changes(amount of post-op change/amount of intra-op change)${\times}100$. The results were as follows; 1. It was 29.4% in rigid fixation cases and 37.5% in nonrigid fixation cases comparing the postoperative positional change of more than 2mm at point B. So rigid fixation method was slightly more stable. 2. In nonrigid fixation cases, the positional change might be caused by incomplete bony union at the osteotomy site and soft tissue tension acting on this site. 3. In rigid fixation cases, the positional change might be caused by interaction between relapse tendency of protracted condyle-proximal segment and neighboring soft tissue tension.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.4 s.63
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• pp.661-668
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• 1997

There is a variation in the range of normal occlusion, and we must fit our treatment to the needs of each patient. If the upper or lower incisors are congenital)y missing, malformed, or crowded, the extraction of the incisor has some advantages over the extraction of premolars and nonextractions. The advantages are 1)simple mechanics, 2)reduced treatment time, 3)less relapse tendency, and 4)fewer facial profile changes. In order to decide which incisor should be extracted, we must consider certain factors 1)discrepancies in anterior arch length, 2)anterior tooth ratio, 3)periodontal and tooth health condition, and 4)the relationship between the upper and lower midline. Diagnostic set-up can be helpful to plan the treatment and show us the post treatment result.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.205-214
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• 2009

Purpose: Adenomyosis is the disease caused by ingrowth of lining tissue into the uterine muscle. Final treatment of the disease is hysterectomy but there is a tendency to avoid surgical treatment if possible. And medication often results in relapse and it does not cure completely. This paper introduces the potential of oriental medical treatment for adenomyosis through a case study. Methods: A 31-year-old female patient, suffered from pelvic pain and metrorrhagia, was diagnosed with adenomyosis and uterine myoma. She was put on oriental medical treatment in the ○○ Oriental Hospital for almost three months. We applied herb-medication, acupuncture and moxibustion. Results: Overall condition including the symptoms was relieved after oriental medical treatment Conclusion: Oriental medical treatment alleviates chronic pelvic pain and has an effect against adenomyosis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.4 s.105
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• pp.289-301
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• 2004

It is the purpose of this study to characterize oral symptoms and to comprehend the cause and the relapse possibility of patients with open bite. This case study examines the orthodontic treatment of a group of female patients with open bite and Angle's Class I malocclusion. A cephalograph of the patient was taken and tracing of the radiograph was completed. In addition to Bjork and Ricketts analysis, additional measurements of specific areas were taken. The occlusal plane was determined by drawing a line connecting the mesiobuccal cusp tip of the maxillary first molar and the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisors. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the relationship between the marginal ridge of the maxillayy first premolar and the drawn line. Those patients with marginal ridges above the occlusal plane were placed into Group 1, while Group 2 subjects exhibited marginal ridges lower than the occlusal plane. The common characteristics within each group and the characteristic differences between each group both prior to and after orthodontic treatment were examined, and finally, the functional oral volume of each patient was analyzed. The results of the case study were as follows: 1. An examination of the skeletal relationship and anatomical form for both Group 1 and 2 showed that all subjects exhibited hyperdivergent skeletal forms, but Group 2 subjects generally demonstrated underdevelopment of the mandible and a smaller articular angle, resulting in an anterior positioning tendency of the mandible. 2. An analysis of the maxillary arches of Group 1 subjects prior to and after orthodontic treatment showed that the antero-inferior direction had changed to an antero-superior directional tendency, while the maxillary arches of the Group 2 patients showed a trend from an antero-superior direction to an antero-inferior relationship. The mandibular arches in both groups showed a change to an antero-superior direction. 3. Functional space analysis showed that Group 2 patients exhibited a greater tendency of haying palatal planes that drop in a postero-inferior direction, resulting in a more severe open bite than their Group 1 counterparts. The results of this case study show that although patients belonging to either Group 1 or 2 exhibited few external differences in the appearance of open bite, an examination of the dental and skeletal relationships by analyzing patient cephalographs showed that patients presenting with flat maxillary occlusal planes exhibited more severe open bite relationships than patients with curved occlusal planes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 1997

The purpose of thus study was to measure the changes of arch and dentition of maxillary posterior teeth before and after treatment and postretentios in patients treated with Quad-helix. Measurements and analysis were performed on study model with carlipers. Seventeen cases, eight boys and nine girls, were selected with average ages of 12.7 years. Mean retention period was 4 months, and mean wearing time was. 127 days. The result were as follows 1. The interpremolar widths and intermolar width were significantly increased in maxillary first piennolar and molar when compared between before and after treatment and postretention. The maxillary second premolar resulted in significant increase in interpremolar between after tretment and post retention. 2. The long axis of maxillary first premolar and first molar accompaning buccal tipping was significant increased before and after Tx and post retention. Significant increase of the lingual inclination of maxillary second premolar was obsered both in before and after Tx, and before Tx and post retention. 3. The distance between the height of tooth contour was significantly increased in the first and second premolar before and after Tx, and was significant increased in the first molar before and after Tx and post retention. 4. Intermolar width at the palatal groove was increased in before and after Tx. and post retention. The palatal depth was significant increased in before and after Tx. In conclusion expansion of maxillary dental arch showed no relapse and results were stable retention