• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.482-485
• /
• 2013

6년령의 개가 오른쪽 턱 밑의 종괴와 고체온증으로 전북대학교 수의과대학 동물병원에 내원하였다. 정확한 위치와 크기를 측정하기 위해 CT 촬영을 진행하였으며 3D 재구성을 실시하였다. CT 촬영 후 수술적으로 제거하였으며 제거 후 조직검사를 실시한 결과 거대세포 갑상샘 암종으로 확인되었다. 또한 본 환자의 혈액 중 조절 T 세포의 비율을 보기 위해 흐름세포측정기를 이용하여 실험한 결과 38.28%로 정상인 개(8마리 정상 비글견에서 조사한 결과 $7.66{\pm}1.65%$ (P<0.01))에서 보다 높게 나왔다. 보호자가 항암치료는 원하지 않아서 실시하지 못하였으며 수술 7일 후 다시 재발하였으며 혈액검사 결과 심한 백혈구 증가증 및 비재생성 빈혈이 나타났다. 또한 폐전이 부위로 의심되는 부위가 악화되었으며 결국 심한 빈혈과 호흡곤란으로 폐사하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.474-480
• /
• 2008

OsMADS1 is a rice MADS box gene necessary for floral development. To identify the key cis-regulatory regions for its expression, we utilized transgenic rice plants expressing GUS fusion constructs. Histochemical analysis revealed that the 5.7-kb OsMADS1 intragenic sequences, encompassing exon 1, intron 1, and a part of exon 2, together with the 1.9-kb 5' upstream promoter region, are required for the GUS expression pattern that coincides with flower-preferential expression of OsMADS1. In contrast, the 5' upstream promoter sequence lacking this intragenic region caused ectopic expression of the reporter gene in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. Notably, incorporation of the intragenic region into the CaMV35S promoter directed the GUS expression pattern similar to that of the endogenous spatial expression of OsMADS1 in flowers. In addition, our transient gene expression assay revealed that the large first intron following the CaMV35S minimal promoter enhances flower-preferential expression of GUS. These results suggest that the OsMADS1 intragenic sequence, largely intron 1, contains a key regulatory region(s) essential for expression.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.57-74
• /
• 1997

To make a proposal for the revision of KGCP, ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline for Good Clinical Practice, which is on the stage of worldwide implementation, was compared with current GCPs of tripartite countries of ICH, namely USA, Europe and Japan as well as Korea. On the basis of the classification in ICH GCP, comprehensive comparisons among the corresponding articles of 4 regions or countries were made in the order of IRB / IEC, Investigator, Sponsor and Clinical Trial Protocol. Based on the comparisons of the contents in ICH-GCP with those in current GCPs, major suggestions for the revision of current KGCP can be made as follows. Firstly, the function of IRB / IEC needs to be strengthened for the initiation and continuation of clinical trial. Current 2-step approval system of IRB / IEC and Health Authorities requires to be converted into the system similar to that of developed countries. Secondly, sponsor's obligation needs to be tightened to control and assure the quality of clinical trial. Inspection of regulatory authorities should be made to perform during and / or after clinical trial, when it is necessary. In other words, sponsor should be made to establish written Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for all aspects of clinical trial including monitoring to ensure that trials are conducted and data are generated, documented, and reported in compliance with the protocol, GCP, and the applicable regulatory requirement (s). Besides, the provision of ‘Quality Control and Quality Assurance’ should be added to the protocol to establish the credibility of the result of the clinical trial.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.173-186
• /
• 2013

To ensure the safe use of pharmaceuticals in the market, US, EU and Japan reached a consensus to adopt ICH harmonised tripartite guideline "E2E Pharmacovigilance Planning" in 2004. Subsequently these regions established and implemented new pharmaceutical safety management systems for patients based on ICH E2E guideline and Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) in US or Risk Management Plan (RMP) in EU and Japan. In this study we investigated these new foreign systems and suggested a way to improve Korea's regulatory system for pharmaceutical safety management under Korea Pharmaceutical Law in the view of international harmonization.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.342-355
• /
• 2021

The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT family) proteins are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that perform many essential biological functions. In mammals, the MiT family consists of MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor or melanocyte-inducing transcription factor), TFEB (transcription factor EB), TFE3 (transcription factor E3), and TFEC (transcription factor EC). These transcriptional factors belong to the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor family and bind the E-box DNA motifs in the promoter regions of target genes to enhance transcription. The best studied functions of MiT proteins include lysosome biogenesis and autophagy induction. In addition, they modulate cellular metabolism, mitochondria dynamics, and various stress responses. The control of nuclear localization via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation serves as the primary regulatory mechanism for MiT family proteins, and several kinases and phosphatases have been identified to directly determine the transcriptional activities of MiT proteins. In different immune cell types, each MiT family member is shown to play distinct or redundant roles and we expect that there is far more to learn about their functions and regulatory mechanisms in host defense and inflammatory responses.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.269-289
• /
• 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted supply chains across the world. When the pandemic broke out, the disruptions were mainly due to the lockdowns imposed in various countries. The WTO has predicted that the pandemic might cause world trade to decline by 13 to 32 per cent in 2020. This paper will examine the implications of COVID-19 on digital trade, particularly the use of blockchain in the Asia Pacific. The Asia Pacific (particularly Singapore and Hong Kong) is a leader in the use of digital technologies. This paper will thus attempt to draw out lessons from the first movers for the rest of Asia. It will examine the bottlenecks in the application of this technology in the Asia Pacific countries, and the need for regulatory changes in the Asia-Pacific. It will trace the technology's barriers to adoption, both as regards interoperability, and regulatory framework. The advantages of blockchain technology in trade finance are clear; it can promote trade efficiency, mitigate risk and expand trade to other regions. However, earlier efforts to introduce digital technologies have failed. More collaborative efforts are required, so that networks can connect seamlessly on a single technology platform, and meet the demand for trade finance. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to have provided an enabling environment for the intensification of digital efforts, increasing their urgency; should these measures indeed successfully occur, they will improve the resiliency of supply chains across the region.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.289-297
• /
• 2002

쏘가리 (Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner)의 위장관에 존재하는 내분비세포의 부위별 분포 및 출현빈도를 포유류의 peptide에 대한 7종류의 항혈청을 사용하여 면역조직화학적 방법으로 관찰하였다. 쏘가리의 위장관은 근위부에서부터 원위부까지 위, 소장 및 대상으로 3 등분 하였으며, 다양한 종류의 항혈청에 면역반응성을 나타내는 면역반응세포들이 상피세포 사이와 위샘 또는 장샘에서 관찰되었다. 상피세포 사이에서는 대부분의 면역반응세포들은 장 내강까지 신장되어 있는 긴 세포질 돌기를 함유한 방추형의 개방형 세포 (open type cell)로 관찰되었으며, 세포질 돌기 없이 원형 또는 타원형의 형태를 나타내는 폐쇄형 세포 (close type cell)들이 위 부위에서 소수 관찰되었다. 본 실험에서는 serotonin, somatostatin, pastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 및 human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) 면역반응세포들이 관찰되었으나, insulin 및 glucagon 면역반응세포들은 관찰되지 않았다. Serotonin 및 somatostatin 면역반응세포들은 위 부위에 국한되어 각각 중등도 및 다수의 출현빈도로 관찰되었다. 또한 gastrin 면역반응세포들은 위와 소장에서 출현하였으며, 각각 소수 및 중등도의 출현빈도를 나타내었고, CCK-8 면역반응세포들은 소장에 국한되어 중등도의 출현빈도를 나타내었다. 한편 HPP 면역반응세포들은 위와 소장에서 다수 관찰되었다. 이상에서 쏘가리 위장관 내분비세포들의 부위별 분포 및 출현 빈도는 다른 경골어류에 비해 특이한 양상을 나타내는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제43권11호
• /
• pp.899-908
• /
• 2020

Intrinsically disordered proteins or regions (IDPs or IDRs) are widespread in the eukaryotic proteome. Although lacking stable three-dimensional structures in the free forms, IDRs perform critical functions in various cellular processes. Accordingly, mutations and altered expression of IDRs are associated with many pathological conditions. Hence, it is of great importance to understand at the molecular level how IDRs interact with their binding partners. In particular, discovering the unique interaction features of IDRs originating from their dynamic nature may reveal uncharted regulatory mechanisms of specific biological processes. Here we discuss the mechanisms of the macromolecular interactions mediated by IDRs and present the relevant cellular processes including transcription, cell cycle progression, signaling, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Of special interest is the multivalent binding nature of IDRs driving assembly of multicomponent macromolecular complexes. Integrating the previous theoretical and experimental investigations, we suggest that such IDR-driven multiprotein complexes can function as versatile allosteric switches to process diverse cellular signals. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and potential medical applications of the IDR research.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제47권10호
• /
• pp.558-562
• /
• 2014

OASL1 is a member of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) family and promotes viral clearance by activating RNase L. OASL1 interacts with the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of interferon regulatory factor 7 (Irf7) and inhibits its translation. To identify the secondary structure required for OASL1 binding, we examined the 5'-UTR of the Irf7 transcript using "selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension" (SHAPE). SHAPE takes advantage of the selective acylation of residues in single-stranded regions by 1-methyl-7-nitroisatoic anhydride (1M7). We found five major acylation sites located in, or next to, predicted single-stranded regions of the Irf7 5'-UTR. These results demonstrate the involvement of the stem structure of the Irf7 5'-UTR in the regulation of Irf7 translation, mediated by OASL1.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.276-282
• /
• 1998

Retinoids regulate a wide variety of biological processes such as cellular proliferation and differentiation in many cell types. They have also shown to stimulate replication of several viruses including human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Retinoid signalling pathway involves two distinct subfamilies of nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) that bind to specific retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in the promoter regions of retinoid-target genes. Here, we characterized RAREs in the regulatory regions of the CMV and of the hepatitis B vi.us (HBV). The viral RAREs, i.e., CMV-RARE and HBV-RARE, are composed of two consensus RARE half-sites (A/GGGTCA) arranged as a direct repeat separated by 5-bp and 1-bp, respectively. The RAREs were activated by both RAR/RXR heterodimers and RXR homodimers in transient transfection experiments. We also found that COUP-TF$\alpha$ (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor u) and COUP-TF$\beta$ repressed the retinoid response of the viral elements. Further we demonstrated that previously known retinoid antagonist, SRI 1330, repressed retinoid-induced transactivation of the CMV-RARE. These results implicate Vitamin A, it's nuclear receptors and COUP-TFs as important regulators of the CMV and HBV pathogenesis and the SRl1330 as potential negative modulator of such retinoid-dependent processes.