• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2020

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) on firm performance in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. In this study, 21 listed pharmaceutical and chemical companies have been selected as sample for 2016 and 2017. This study used the intellectual capital disclosure index developed by Rahman, Sobhan, and Islam. Return on assets and return on equity have been used as the proxy variable of firm performance. In this study, content analysis is performed to assess the level of disclosure regarding intellectual capital and pooled cross-sectional analysis is used to assess the relationship between ICD and firm performance. The study has found a positive and significant relationship between ICD and firm performance. Besides, an in-depth analysis of this study shows that all the components of ICD namely internal capital disclosure, external capital disclosure, and human capital disclosure are also positively and significantly associated with firm performance. The study suggests the development of an intellectual capital disclosure framework by the regulatory authority for mandatory compliance. This will improve the quality and quantity of ICD in the annual reports. Besides, firms should more emphasize on ICD which will help to improve their performance.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

Forest parks are regarded as one of the scientific ways to keep the forest sustainably developed, meanwhile deliver the benefits to the general public. The development of forest parks in China has experienced simply more than 20 years and both the exploitation and management institutions haven't been set up systematically, which, in reality, reflects as inadequate legislative and policy framework. Without the regulatory guidance and collaborating assistance of environment relating governmental sectors at both national and local levels, it's inevitable that the development of forest parks in the country would face constant problems and conflicts. Therefore, it might be helpful to sort out this conflicts and problems and further more to work out how to solve the barriers. The research in this report started with introducing the IUCN Protected Areas Categories, the overall current situations in China and compared the definition of forest parks in the country and that in international experience. It is to aim to find out the real usufruct rights conflicts during the exploitation and management of forest parks and the method used in this report is field visit, previous investigation, collecting secondary materials, interview, analysis and comparison. The research result in this report couldn't cover all the conflict situations during the forest parks' exploitation and management in China but will provide the analysis of this problem from the legal perspective. Practical application and concerning suggestion will be fully discussed in Part 5 in terms of legislative, social and environmental effects.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2008

Operational license of WWER-440/213 units at Paks NPP, Hungary is limited to the design lifetime of 30 years. Prolongation by additional 20 years of the operational lifetime is feasible. Moreover, enhancement of the reactor thermal power by 8% will increase both the net power output and the competitiveness of the plant. Paks NPP is a pioneer considering the power up-rate and preparation of long-term operation of WWER-440/213 design. Systematic preparatory work for long-term operation of Paks NPP has been started in 2000. A regulatory framework and a comprehensive engineering practice have been developed. According to the authors view, creation of a gapless engineering system via consequent application of best practices, and feed-back of experiences together with proper consideration of WWER-440/V213 features are the decisive elements of ensuring the safety of long-term operation. That systematic engineering approach is in the focus of recent paper. Key elements of justification and measures for ensuring the safety of long-term operation of Paks NPP WWER-440/213 units are identified and discussed. These are the assessment of plant condition and review of adequacy of ageing management programmes, also the review, validation and reconstitution of time limited ageing analyses as core tasks of licence renewal.

• 기록학연구
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• 제10호
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• pp.27-62
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• 2004

As the penetration of information technology into everyday life is accelerated day by day, virtually all kinds of human representation of knowledge and arts are produced and distributed in the digital form. It is problematic, however, because digital objects are so volatile that it is not easy to keep them in fixed form. The fatal fragility makes it extremely tricky to preserve the digital heritage of our time for the next generation. The present paper aims to introduce current endeavors made at the international and the national levels and to provide with suggestions for Korean national strategy of digital preservation. It starts with reviewing the global trends of digital archiving and long-term preservation, focusing on standardization, preservation strategies and current experiments and projects being conducted for preserving various digital objects. It then sketches national strategies of several leading countries. Based on the sketch, twofold suggestions for Korean national strategy are proposed: establishing a central coordinating agency and accommodating the digital preservation issue in the legislative and regulatory framework for the information society. The paper concludes with the necessity of cooperation among heritage organizations, including libraries, archives, museums. They should cooperate with each other because they have traditionally been trusted with the custodianship of collective memory of humankind and the digital heritage cannot be passed onto the next generation without their endeavor. They should also work together because any single institution, or any single nation could cover what it takes to complete the task of long-term preservation of our digital heritage.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2019

This article explored the status of E-Government initiative in developing countries by taking the case of Ethiopia. The study had analyzed the practice, challenges and the future prospect of the E-Government initiative in the country. The paper had used both secondary and primary sources of data. In identifying the practice and future prospects of the E-Government imitative, related works in the area were reviewed and appraised. In ascertaining the major challenges, structured and semi-structured interviews were carried out with selected stakeholders from the government office and the private sector. The result of the study had shown that the country had registered a promising progress in E-Government index in the past four years ranking at 157th in the year 2014, which was standing at 172nd in the year 2012. Above all, high- level political commitment and the design of specific actions plans that are linked to the national sustainable development priorities were the key success factors. Nevertheless, there are still enormous challenges that have to be tackled for citizens to drive the benefits arising from the implementation of E-Government initiative. The study had identified limited cross-sectoral connectivity, lack of intra-organizational connectivity, low human resource capacity, language barrier, lack of awareness and absence of appropriate legal and regulatory framework as major challenges. Finally, the study forwarded constructive suggestion that can be adopted in the way forward of the E-Government initiative.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2018

The energy intensity of Nepal is economically not worthy, lacks eco-friendly and importantly not sustainable, and almost four times the average global energy intensity. Considerable efforts have been exercised to reduce the energy gap yet, it is still much to achieve. Nation priority on energy sector was envisaged with promulgation of investment friendly rules and law in hydropower and renewable technology even though, could not harness the sufficient energy. In amid of this acute energy crisis, the government launched the Nepal Energy Efficiency Programme (NEEP) with technical assistance from German International Cooperation (GIZ). Energy Efficiency (EE) practice is the most cost-effective method to reduce the supply and demand gap, reduce on greenhouse gases and pollution, and deter on import of petroleum products which finally improves on trade imbalance. This paper had proposed a framework of energy management team to promote energy efficient technologies in residential consumer. The energy management teams study the past records of energy use pattern of consumers and suggest appropriate technology for energy saving options. The paper provides some reviews of energy efficiency initiatives undertaken by the concern regulatory body which highlights the current status. The comprehensive knowledge acquired through exploratory research is implemented in this paper to identify the various barriers that domestic consumer is experiencing towards the active participation in energy efficiency program launched by the Government of Nepal.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

Korea's laws regarding ICT must follow the Void for vagueness doctrine, the Principle of forbidden general delegation, the Principle of justification of system and the Principle of balancing test in the Constitution. The Act for the Promotion and Convergence and so on of Information and Communication in the Future should be improved as follows. It is desirable to improve the part where the principle of system justification of the Constitution is problematic in relation to existing laws. It is desirable to improve the ICT's policies on industry and convergence technologies so that they are well balanced between promotion and regulation of ICT's industries. It is desirable to improve the information service policy and legislative makeup relationship between various government agencies related to ICT. It is therefore desirable to improve the institutional complement to the post-regulatory framework for the protection of users of ICT in the future. It is desirable to create a device to replace the functions of the Information Service Budget Council in the special law of ICT.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.1199-1209
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• 2018

After the Fukushima-Daiichi accident in 2011, the multi-unit risk, i.e., the risk due to several nuclear power plants (NPPs) in a site has become an important issue in several countries such as Korea, Canada, and China. However, the multi-unit risk has been discussed for a long time in the nuclear community before the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear accident occurred. The regulatory authorities around the world and the international organizations had proposed requirements or guidelines to reduce the multi-unit risk. The concerns regarding the multi-unit risk can be summarized in the following three questions: How much the accident of an NPP in a site affects the safety of other NPPs in the same site? What is the total risk of a site with many NPPs? Will the risk of the simultaneous accidents at several NPPs in a site such as the Fukushima Daiichi accident be low enough? The multi-unit risk assessment (MURA) in an integrated framework is a practical approach to obtain the answers for the above questions. Even though there were few studies to assess the multi-unit risk before the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear accident, there are still several issues to be resolved to perform the complete MURA. This article aims to provide an overview of the multi-unit risk issues and its assessment. We discuss the several critical issues in the current MURA to get useful insights regarding the multi-unit risk with the current state art of probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) technologies. Also, the qualitative answers for the above questions are addressed.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

The growing number of threats to society through the uncontrolled distribution of information is forcing library communities in many countries to reconsider their views on free access to collections. Based on the content of numerous documents of international importance, it can be concluded that in any democratic country access to information is one of the most important human rights, along with the right to life, liberty, and security of person. However, the state has the right to restrict citizens' access to information within the framework of existing legislation. Constantly, restrictions on access to information are established in order to protect the ethical foundations of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights, and legitimate interests of others, to ensure the country's defense and state security. It goes without saying that each country has the right to independently decide where the boundaries lie between permitted and prohibited information, including printed information, contained in library collections. This article describes three levels of access restriction: foreign, state, and regional. The authors have analyzed the legal and regulatory documents that govern libraries, as well as the reasons and methods of limitation. A comparative analysis of the restriction of access to information in the countries of Europe and Asia is presented.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1224-1235
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• 2021

An integrated waste management approach for irradiated graphite was developed during the European Commission project 'Treatment and Disposal of Irradiated Graphite and other Carbonaceous Waste'. This included the identification of potential options for the management of irradiated graphite, taking account of storage, retrieval, treatment and disposal methods. This paper describes how these options can be assessed using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) for a case study relating to a generic power reactor. Criteria have been defined to account for safety, environmental, economic and socio-political factors, including radiological impact, resource usage, economic costs and risks. The impact of each option against each criterion has been assessed using data from the project and the wider literature. A linear additive approach has been used to convert the calculated impacts to scores. To account for the relative importance of the criteria, example weightings were allocated. This application has shown that MCDA approaches can be used to support complex decisions regarding irradiated graphite management, accounting for a wide range of criteria. Use of this approach by individual countries or organisations will need to account for the specific options, scores, weightings and constraints that apply, based on their national strategies, regulatory requirements and public acceptability.