• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.137-148
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to review articles concerning acupuncture or moxibustion treatment for Complex Regional Pain Syndromes. Methods : On-line databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid-EMBASE, NDSL and OASIS were searched to find articles concerning acupuncture or moxibustion treatment for Complex Regional Pain Syndromes. Several overlapping articles and those not relevant to the topic were excluded, as well as review articles and commentaries. Results : 16 case reports were selected through the procedure, all of which presented successful treatment cases of Complex Regional Pain Syndromes with acupuncture and moxibustion. Most of them presented one single patient case and were published in Korea. However, almost half of them were printed in English, and had been continuously published since 2005. It was remarkable that pharmacopuncture was predominantly used to treat Complex Regional Pain Syndromes. Also, we noted that Chinese scalp acupuncture needs to be studied further as two successful cases were presented from the U.S army. Conclusion : The results show that several case reports have been published regarding Complex Regional Pain Syndromes treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. However, all of them were case reports which are given low status in Evidence-Based Medicine. We expect that a more diverse range of articles, including case control studies, cohort studies and randomized controlled trials will be performed in the near future, and that a unified outcome measure will be developed for Complex Regional Pain Syndromes.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

Purpose: We evaluated failure pattern and treatment outcomes of observational approach on regional lymph node (LN) in cutaneous melanoma of extremities and sought to find clinico-pathologic factors related to LN metastases. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 73 patients with cutaneous melanoma of extremities between 2005 and 2016. If preoperative 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings were non-specific for regional LNs, surgical resection of primary tumors with adequate margins was performed without sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and/or complete lymph node dissection (CLND), irrespective of tumor thickness or size. In patients with suspicious or positive findings on PET/CT or CT, SLNB followed by CLND or CLND was performed at the discretion of the surgeon. We defined LN dissection (LND) as SLNB and/or CLND. Results: With a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 6 to 138 months), the dominant pattern of failure was regional failure (17 of total 23 events, 74%) in the observation group (n = 56). Pathologic LN metastases were significant factor for poor regional failure-free survival (hazard ration [HR] = 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-10.33; p = 0.044) and overall survival (HR = 3.62; 95% CI, 1.02-12.94; p = 0.047) in multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis for cN0 patients according to the preoperative PET/CT findings, LND group showed the better trend of LRFFS (log rank test, p = 0.192) and RFFS (p = 0.310), although which is not statistically significant. Conclusion: Observational approach on regional LNs on the basis of the PET/CT in patients with cutaneous melanoma of extremities showed the dominant regional failure pattern compared to upfront LND approach. To reveal regional lymph node status, SLND for cN0 patients may of importance in managing cutaneous melanoma patients.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2009

An analytical method for the determination of flumequine in meats was developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The samples were mixed with sodium sulfate and extracted with ethyl acetate. After clean-up, the residues were dissolved in mobile phase. The calibration curves showed high linearity ($r^2$=0.9979) within the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were validated at 0.005 and 0.017 mg/kg, respectively. The recoveries in fortified meats ranged from 90.8 to 101.1%. The method was then validated in correspondence with the CODEX guidelines for flumequine residue in meats. Herein we monitored 150 samples of meats that were purchased in Korea (Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, and Gwangju). Among the tested samples, flumequine was detected in 1 of beef and 1 of pork at levels in the range of 0.048-0.080 mg/kg. Overall, the flumequine residues in the tested samples were within the Maximun residue limit.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.799-806
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• 2012

In recent years, a new algorithm has been introduced to perform the regional overpower protection (ROP) detector layout optimization for $CANDU^{(R)}$ reactors. This algorithm is called DETPLASA. This algorithm has been shown to successfully come up with a detector layout which meets the target trip set point (TSP) value. Knowing that these ROP detectors are placed in a number of safety channels, one expects that there is an optimal placement of the candidate detectors into these channels. The objective of the present paper is to show that a slight improvement to the TSP value can be realized by optimizing the channelization of these ROP detectors. Depending on the size of the ROP system, based on numerical experiments performed in this study, the range of additional TSP improvement is from 0.16%FP (full power) to 0.56%FP.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.143-149
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• 2001

This paper deals with "Citizens Organization" and "Citizen Participation" to the process of the regional planning and design not only in urban areas but also in rural residential areas with regard to the range of topics, such as its planning, partnership, environmental study, exchange, training of talented persons and NPO. Even though many attempts on this issue have been developed in various part of Japan, I examine in this essay especially the case of citizens in Hyogo Prefecture. As regards a case in urban areas the various movements set after Great Hanshin and Awaji Earthquake are introduced. As a case in rural residential areas with abundant nature, the activities of "Tamba-no-Mori"in Tamba District and a concept for "the Idyllic Landscape Museum" in North Harima district are introduced.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.29-40
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• 2020

The aims of this study to identify the relationship between regional economic growth and intraregional regional disparities. The 16 metropolitan area, the Capital region and the southeastern region of Korea were put in the spatial scope and the time range from 2005 to 2016. Regional gross domestic product data were used to show regional growth and intraregional disparity. Panel data for each spatial unit were established, panel unit root test and panel cointegration test were conducted to check the stability of the data. The DOLS method was used to identify relationship between regional economic growth and intraregional disparity, and the VECM model and Granger causality test was conducted to verify causality. The result of analysis of 16 metropolitan area units showed that the intraregional disparity increases as regional economic growth progresses. When the regional gross domestic product increased by 1%, the intraregional disparity increased by 1.258%, and there are short-term and long-term causality. Both the Capital region and the southeastern region had a mutual relationship between regional economic growth and intraregional disparity, but the disparity in the Capital region showed an increase and the southeastern region showed a decrease. The results of this study show that the regional disparity is increasing nationwide, but the Capital region and the southeastern region showed different stages of growth.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.523-530
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• 2012

Runoff, NPS pollution load and flow-weighted mean concentration (FWMC) occurred by snowmelt and rainfall runoff were compared by a variance analysis. Snowmelt runoff ranged between 1,449 and $19,921m^3$. The peak snowmelt runoff was similar to the runoff that occurred by about 40mm/day rainfall. And average snowmelt runoff was not significantly different from the runoff that occurred by 25.5 mm/day rainfall. Average values of SS loads and FWMCs were 5,438 kg/day and 954.9 mg/L, respectively. SS loads and FWMCs were in the similar range with those that occurred by 39.0 mm/day and 53.0 mm/day rainfall, respectively. Daily SS and COD loads and FWMCs occurred by snowmelt and rainfall were analyzed not to be significantly different. Overall assessment led that the NPS pollution loads by snowmelt runoff had a similar characteristics with the loads by about 40 mm/day rainfall runoff. It was recommended that the agricultural fields in snowy region needs to managed not only for rainfall runoff but also snowmelt runoff for an effective water quality management.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.680-690
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• 2022

Tephrochronology uses regional tephra for age dating and stratigraphic correlations. Regional tephras are important in Quaternary geology and archaeology because they can be used as stratigraphic time-markers. In this review, identification and dating methods of tephra are summarized. In addition, the characteristics of regional tephras in terrestrial deposits of the Korean Peninsula are elaborated, and geological applications and limitations of the regional tephra layers are also discussed. So far, AT, Ata, and Kb-Ks tephra layers from Kyushu, Japan have been found in Pleistocene paleosol, marine terrace deposits, and lacustrine deposits in Korea. Also, although not officially confirmed, Aso-4 tephra is likely to occur in terrestrial deposits. The regional tephra layers are vital for dating, especially with regard to sediments over 50 ka beyond the range of radiocarbon dating, and for dating of active faults. Furthermore, it can provide important information for preparing countermeasures against volcanic disasters. However, in order to use the tephra layer geologically, it must be confirmed whether it is a primary deposit based on sedimentological study.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 2000

Regional evaluations of slope stability by the failure criterion and by environmental geological factors were conducted. The failure criterion is the general conditions for plane failure which consider the geometrical conditions between geological discontinuities and topographical slope planes. The factor focused in this condiction is dip and dip direction. Geostatics, named semivariogram was used for establishing structural domains in slope stability evaluation by the failure criterion. The influential range was calculated to 6 km in the case of dip direction of dominant joint set and 7 km in the case of dip of the same dominant joint set. Then applying this failure criterion to the study area produced a slope stability map using the established domains and slopes generated by TIN module of ARC/INFO GIS. This study considered another regional slope stability analysis. 5 failure-driven factors 9the unstable slope map, geology, engineering soil, groundwater, and lineament density) were selected and used as data coverages for regional slope stability evaluation by geoenvironmental factors. These factors were weighted and overlayed in GIS. From the graph of cumulatave area (%) and instability index, finding critical points classified the instability indices. The most unstable slopes are located in the southern area of Mt. Eorae, Dabul-ri, and the eastern area of Junkok-ri in the first area is plane failure. Also, the expected orientations of failure are 59/338 and 86/090 (dip/dip direction).

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.235-240
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• 2017

Regional cathodic protection has significant impact on pipeline integrity management. After risk analyses of a newly built gas distribution station constructed in an area with large dwelling density, risk score was high because of potential threat caused by galvanic corrosion. Except reinforced steel in concrete, there are four kinds of metal buried under earth: carbon steel, galvanized flat steel, zinc rod and graphite module. To protect buried pipeline from external corrosion, design and construction of regional cathodic protection was proposed. Current density was measured with potential using potential dynamic test and boundary element method (BEM) was used to calculate current requirement and optimize best anode placement during design. From our calculation on the potential, optimized conditions for this area were that an applied current was 3A and anode was placed at 40 meters deep from the soil surface. It results in potential range between $-1.128V_{CSE}$ and $-0.863V_{CSE}$, meeting the $-0.85V_{CSE}$ criterion and the $-1.2V_{CSE}$ criterion that no potential was more negative than $-1.2V_{CSE}$ to cause hydrogen evolution at defects in coating of the pipeline.