• 모자간호학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.5-15
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• 1991

Caring, according to Leininger, is the essence of nursing : it is the central and unifying domain of science and practice of nursing. The problem addressed by the this study was to explore nursing students' perceptions of caring. The purpose was to provide theoretical understanaling at how students conceptualize caring througout the three years of their educational preparation. The subjects for this study were 343 nursing students of one three - year Christian college of nursing in a major regional city in Korea. The data were collected from May 6 to 25, 1991, through an open - ended questionnaire. The data analysis used was descriptive method. Validity was strengthened by confirmations with by a doctoral candidate and three other nursing professors. From the data, 557 descriptive statements were organized into 70 taring behavior patterns and 16 categories of taring. The 16 categories were helping, comfort, love, concern, support, being present, protection, health maintenance, fulfillment. warmth, Instruction, empathy, trust, sharing, restoration and nurturance. The five categories primarily reported by first year students were, In order, helping, comfort:. restoration, protection, and love, by second year students, helping, comfort, love, being present, and support : and by third year students, helping, comfort, love, concern, and support. Instruction, empathy, trust, sharing and nurturance were least reported by the students. Instuction, trust and nurturance were not expressed by first year students. The Korean nursing student's concepts, of caring appeared to be similiar to Leininger's caring constructs but warmth and fulfillment were specified by these students. Theoretical understanding of concepts central to nursing contributes to the development at the discipline.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2021

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is one of the most painful disorder in the orofacial region, and many patients have suffered from this disease. For the effective management of TN, fundamental epidemiologic data related to the target population group are essential. Thus, this study was performed to clarify the epidemiological characteristics of TN in the Korean population. This is the first national study to investigate the prevalence of TN in Korean patients. Methods: From 2014 to 2018, population-based medical data for 51,276,314 subscribers to the National Health Insurance Service of Korea were used for this study. Results: The incidence of TN was 100.21 per 100,000 person-years in the year of 2018 in Korea, and the male to female ratio was 1:2.14. The age group of 51-59 years had the highest prevalence of TN. Constant increases in medical cost, regional imbalance, and differences in prescription patterns by the medical specialties were showed in the management of TN. Conclusions: The results in this study will not only help to study the characteristics of TN, but also serve as an important basis for the effective management of TN in Korea.

• 국토계획
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2019

As the 24-hour society arrives, human activities in daytime and nighttime urban spaces are changing drastically, and the need for new urban management policies is steadily increasing. This study analyzes the types and characteristics of Seoul's human dynamics using location-based big data and the results are summarized as follows. First, the pattern of human dynamics in Seoul repeats itself every 7 days. Second, the types of human dynamics in Seoul can be classified into five types, and each of type has its own unique time-series and local characteristics. Third, the degree of match between human dynamics and zoning system in urban planning legislation was highest in 'Type 1' residence pattern and low in other types. The following implications can be drawn from these results. First, This paper examined the methodology of analyzing the regional characteristics of Seoul through the human dynamics and obtained meaningful results. Second, This paper can derive reliable and objective pattern analysis results using Big data that reflect the overall population characteristics. Third, the scale of night-time activity in the urban space of Seoul was understood, and its distribution, patterns and characteristics identified.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2023

As South Korea faces a general decline in population, similar to other regions, its rural areas are also experiencing a downward trend. This study examines how the scale and shifts in population within rural towns(eup·myeon) are affecting the number of essential services such as hospitals, laundry shops, and beauty salons. Our analysis encompassed the populations of 1,403 towns, excluding nine areas due to lack of data as of 2020. Since the availability of basic services can vary with population size, we normalized the figures to reflect the number of services per 10,000 people, allowing for a comparative analysis across different population sizes. Generally, areas with more people showed an increase in the number of services per capita. Our review of changes from 2000 to 2020 revealed patterns in how service numbers adjust with population variations. Future research should delve into more detailed trends of these facilities and forecast the rural population's future to ensure that residents in areas where service sustainability may be challenging will have full access to necessary services.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

코로나19 이후 비대면 소비 사회로의 전환이 일어나며 생활밀착형 라스트마일 물류 서비스인 택배 기반의 세분화된 도시 물류의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 소셜 네트워크 분석(SNA)을 활용하여 지역 및 상품 특성별로 수요의 관계성을 분석하고자 한다. 전자상거래에서 수요 파악에 활용되었던 장바구니 네트워크와 공동 구매 상품 네트워크를 확장한 분석 결과 택배 주문 건 수 데이터 속에서 상품 카테고리 패턴을 발견하고 지역별 차이를 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구에서 제시하는 SNA 기반 분석이 도시 물류의 재고 분산 배치나 상품(SKU) 선정 전략에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2008

목적: 상부와 중앙 부위에서 발생한 식도암에서 복강 림프절 및 위 주변 림프절을 치료 범위에서 제외하고 근치목적의 방사선 치료를 시행한 경우 림프절 재발 양상과 치료성적에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1986년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 전북대학교병원에서 방사선 치료를 시행 받은 식도암 환자 중, T4N1M0이하 병기의 상부와 중앙부위에 생긴 식도암 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자에서 복강 림프절 및 위 주변 림프절이 치료범위에 포함되지 않았으며, 방사선 단독 또는 항암화학요법과 병용으로 치료를 하였다. 방사선 치료는 6 MV와 10 MV 선형가속기(Siemens, 독일)를 이용하였으며, 외부방사선조사로 종양부위에 평균 60.5 Gy를 조사하였다. 항암화학치료는 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, Docetaxel이 사용되었다. 108명 환자 중, 방사선 치료 범위에 위식도 접합부 및 복강 림프절과 위 주변 림프절이 치료 범위에 포함되지 않았고, 계획된 선량의 80% 이상이 조사되었으며, 조직학적 진단이 편평상피세포 암으로 확진된 82명을 분석하였으며, 방사선 치료 단독군은 51명, 항암화학 병용 군은 31명 이었다. 남녀 성비는 78명과 4명이었으며, 평균 연령은 63.2세이었다. 발생 부위는 상부와 중앙 부위가 각각 17명과 65명이었다. 병기별 환자는 T1N0-1M0 7명, T2N0-1M0 18명, T3N0-1M 44명 및 T4N0-1M0 13명 이었으며, 평균 추적 관찰 기간은 15개월 이었다. 결과: 방사선 치료 결과는 완전반응 48명, 부분반응 31명 및 무반응 3명이었다. 추적 검사 후 재발 양상은 인접 림프절 전이는 23명, 원발 림프절 전이는 13명, 인접 림프절 및 원발 부위 림프절 전이가 없는 경우는 10명, 추적 검사 중단이나 진단 거부로 인하여 평가가 이루어지지 않은 경우는 36명 이었다. 원발 림프절 전이가 확인 되었던 13명의 임상병기는 T1N0-1M0 3명, T2-4N0-1M0 10명으로 나타났으며, 원발 부위는 상부 1명, 중앙 부위가 12명이었고, 치료 방법은 방사선 치료 단독 9명, 항암화학 병용 4명 이었다. 그리고 치료성적은 완전반응 12명, 부분반응 1명으로 나타났다. 추적 검사 상 림프절 전이 확인 후 인접 림프절 전이 환자의 평균 생존 기간은 14.4개월이었으며, 원발 림프절 전이 환자의 평균 생존 기간은 7개월 이었다. 결론: T4N1 이하 병기의 상부와 중앙 부위에서 발생한 식도암에서 복강 림프절 및 위 주변 림프절을 치료범위에서 제외하고 근치목적의 방사선치료를 한 경우 동 부위에 전이 빈도가 높았고, 인접 림프절 전이와 비교하여 생존율이 감소하였다. 특히 임상 병기가 T2 이상 및 방사선치료 단독의 경우에서 복강 림프절 및 위 주변 림프절에 전이 빈도가 상대적으로 높았다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.284-293
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine failure patterns and survival outcomes of T4N0-1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Ninety-five patients with T4N0-1 NSCLC who received definitive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy from May 2003 to October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The standard radiotherapy scheme was 66 Gy in 30 fractions. The main concurrent chemotherapy regimen was $50mg/m^2$ weekly paclitaxel combined with $20mg/m^2$ cisplatin or AUC 2 carboplatin. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were failure patterns and toxicities. Results: The median age was 64 years (range, 34 to 90 years). Eighty-eight percent of patients (n = 84) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, and 42% (n = 40) experienced pretreatment weight loss. Sixty percent of patients (n = 57) had no metastatic regional lymph nodes. The median radiation dose was EQD2 67.1 Gy (range, 56.9 to 83.3 Gy). Seventy-one patients (75%) were treated with concurrent chemotherapy; of these, 13 were also administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 21 months (range, 1 to 102 months), 3-year OS was 44%. The 3-year cumulative incidences of local recurrence and distant recurrence were 48.8% and 36.3%, respectively. Pretreatment weight loss and combined chemotherapy were significant factors for OS. Acute esophagitis over grade 3 occurred in three patients and grade 3 chronic esophagitis occurred in one patient. There was no grade 3-4 radiation pneumonitis. Conclusion: Definitive radiotherapy for T4N0-1 NSCLC results in favorable survival with acceptable toxicity rates. Local recurrence is the major recurrence pattern. Intensity modulated radiotherapy and radio-sensitizing agents would be needed to improve local tumor control.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2022

Objective: To investigate demographic and skeletodental characteristics of one-jaw (1J-OGS) and two-jaw orthognathic surgery (2J-OGS) in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods: 750 skeletal Class III patients who underwent OGS at 10 university hospitals in Korea between 2015 and 2019 were investigated; after dividing them into the 1J-OGS (n = 186) and 2J-OGS groups (n = 564), demographic and skeletodental characteristics were statistically analyzed. Results: 2J-OGS was more frequently performed than 1J-OGS (75.2 vs. 24.8%), despite regional differences (capital area vs. provinces, 86.6 vs. 30.7%, p < 0.001). Males outnumbered females, and their mean operation age was older in both groups. Regarding dental patterns, the most frequent maxillary arch length discrepancy (ALD) was crowding in the 1J-OGS group (52.7%, p < 0.001) and spacing in the 2J-OGS group (40.4%, p < 0.001). However, the distribution of skeletal pattern was not significantly different between the two groups (all p > 0.05). The most prevalent skeletal patterns in both groups were hyper-divergent pattern (50.0 and 54.4%, respectively) and left-side chin point deviation (both 49.5%). Maxillary spacing (odds ratio [OR], 3.645; p < 0.001) increased the probability of 2J-OGS, while maxillary crowding (OR, 0.672; p < 0.05) and normo-divergent pattern (OR, 0.615; p < 0.05) decreased the probability of 2J-OGS. Conclusions: In both groups, males outnumbered females, and their mean operation age was older. The most frequent ALD was crowding in the 1J-OGS group, and spacing in the 2J-OGS group, while skeletal characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Ice cliff retreat and sea-ice formation around King Sejong Station in King George Island were analysed and compared with air temperature change. Analysis of 33-year (1969-2001) air temperature records at Bellingshausen Station has revealed regional atmospheric warming, and the increasing rate of air temperature Is equivalent to a warming of $1^{\circ}C$ for 27-year period. Here we present time-series of observations for the areal extent of the ice cliff and ice sheet, showing that they have retreated dramatically in the past 45 years (1956-2001). Retreat of 1,050 m in length of the ice clifr has changed the Marian Cove into a low rectangular form of 4 km in length and 1 to 1.3km in width. The retreat rates have since increased from 6 m/yr of the Primary investigated Period to 54 and 81m/yr in the recent years. Exceptionally, the ice cliff had been advanced of 21m in length for a year between 1987 and 1988 of cold winters. Ice sheet in King George Island also shows a similar decrease, and the decreasing extent is much larger at the southern part of the Main Cove, relatively more exposed to the sun, than at the northern part. Comparing sea-ice formation in winter with air temperature data shows a pattern starting to freeze below $-5^{\circ}C$ and to thaw over $-3^{\circ}C$. It is conclusively estimated that the patterns and magnitudes of ice cliff retreat and sea-ice formation are consistent with fluctuations of the air temperature, and that the recent rapid retreat of ice cliff and less formation of sea-ice are caused especially by the warming trends in autumn accompanied with expansion of summer thawing period.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the feasibility of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) as a predictive factor for prognosis in early stage primary lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven T1-3N0M0 primary lung cancer patients treated with curative SBRT between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Four patients (14.8%) treated with SBRT to address residual tumor after wedge resection and one patient (3.7%) with local recurrence after resection were included. The SUVmax at baseline PET/CT was assessed to determine its relationship with prognosis after SBRT. Patients were divided into two groups based on maximum SUVmax on pre-treatment FDG PET/CT, estimated by receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The median follow-up period was 17.7 months (range, 2.3 to 60.0 months). The actuarial 2-year local control, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival were 80.4%, 66.0%, and 78.2%, respectively. With regard to failure patterns, 5 patients exhibited local failure (in-field failure, 18.5%), 1 (3.7%) experienced regional nodal relapse, and other 2 (7.4%) developed distant failure. SUVmax was significantly correlated with progression (p = 0.08, optimal cut-off point SUVmax > 5.1). PFS was significantly influenced by pretreatment SUVmax (SUVmax > 5.1 vs. SUVmax ≤ 5.1; p = 0.012) and T stage (T1 vs. T2-3; p = 0.012). Conclusion: SUVmax at pre-treatment FDG PET/CT demonstrated a predictive value for PFS after SBRT for lung cancer.