• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.362-368
• /
• 2007

To study the relationship between elementary biochemical states and structural states of the actomyosin crossbridges in muscle, the effects of binding of MgADP to myosin heads in the rigor muscle were examined by X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. X-ray diffraction studies have been made to investigate the effects of binding of ADP on the structure of glycerinated rabbit skeletal muscle in the rigor state. The intensity increase was accompanied by a slight but distinct decrease in the 5.9 am layer-line intensity close to the meridian. These results strongly suggest that myosin heads altered their attached conformation in the proximal end toward the plane perpendicular to the fiber axis when MgADP was bound to them. We found that the intensity of the 14.5 nm-based meridional reflections increase by 20-50% when MgADP was added to the rigor muscle in the presence of hexokinase and myokinase inhibitor.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.32-41
• /
• 1992

An XRD quantitative analytical method using calculated XRD patterns was discussed in this study, Deep-seabed sediments commonly contain smectite, illite, chlorite, and kaolinite, and XRD pattern of each clay mineral of appropriate chemical composition was simulated by using an XRD pattern calculation method. Theoretical peak intensities of specific reflections of four clay minerals (the 001 reflections of smectite and illite, the 004 reflection of chlorite, and the 002 reflection of kaolinite) were measured from calculated patterns, and MIF(mineral intensity factor)value of each phase was determined from the intensities of calculated patterns. The peak intensities obtaine from experimental XRD patterns of sediments were corrected using the MIF values so that the calibrated intensity values for the specimens are linearly proportional to the weight fraction of each phase, which is normalized to 100 wt%. The MIF method can provide accurate quantitaive results without the necessity of correcting the factors by the mass absorption coefficient of each phase. This method excludes the necessity of standard specimens having compositions that are similar to those of clay minerals in the sediment samples. Therefore, quantitaive analysis using XRD calculation method can be utilized for the specimens, for which the standard specimens are very difficult or impossible to obtain. this quantitative method can provide rapid, routine analysis results for a large number of samples which occur in similar geological environments.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.581-586
• /
• 1998

We investigated the effect of mechanical back side damage in Czochralski grown silicon wafer. The intensity of mechanical damage was evaluated by minority carrier recombination lifetime by laser excitation/microwave reflection photoconductivity decay method, degree of X-ray diffuse scattering, X-ray section topography, and wet oxidation/preferential etching methods. The data indicate that the higher the mechanical damage intensity, the lower the minority carrier lifetime, and the magnitude of diffuse scattering and X-ray excess intensity increased proportionally, and it was at Grade 1:Grade 2:Grade 3=1:7:18.4 that the normalized relative quantization ratio of excess intensity in damaged wafer was calculated, which are normalized to the excess intensity from sample Grade 1.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 2010

The lighting reflection is a common problem in image analysis and causes the many difficulties to extract distinct features in related fields. Furthermore, the problem grows in the rainy night. In this paper, we aim to remove light reflection effects and reconstruct a road surface without lighting reflections in order to extract distinct features. The proposed method utilizes a 3D analysis based on a multiple geometry using captured images, with which we can combine each reflected areas; that is, we can remove lighting reflection effects and reconstruct the surface. At first, the regions of lighting sources and reflected surfaces are extracted by local maxima based on vertically projected intensity-histograms. After that, a fundamental matrix and homography matrix among multiple images are calculated by corresponding points in each image. Finally, we combine each surface by selecting minimum value among multiple images and replace it on a target image. The proposed method can reduces lighting reflection effects and the property on the surface is not lost. While the experimental results with collected data shows plausible performance comparing to the speed, reflection-overlapping areas which can not be reconstructed remain in the result. In order to solve this problem, a new reflection model needs to be constructed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.9
• /
• pp.2725-2730
• /
• 2013

Single C-reactive protein (CRP) molecules, which are non-specific acute phase markers and products of the innate immune system, were quantitatively detected on a gold-nanopatterned biochip using evanescent field-enhanced fluorescence imaging. The $4{\times}5$ gold-nanopatterned biochip (spot diameter of 500 nm) was fabricated by electron beam nanolithography. Unlabeled CRP molecules in human serum were identified with single-molecule sandwich immunoassay by detecting secondary fluorescence generated by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. With decreased standard CRP concentrations, relative fluorescence intensities reduced in the range of 33.3 zM-800 pM. To enhance fluorescence intensities in TIRF images, the distance between biochip surface and CRP molecules was optimally adjusted by considering the quenching effect of gold and the evanescent field intensity. As a result, TIRF only detected one single-CRP molecule on the biochip the first time.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 1995

Vision sensors using the optical triangulation have been widely used for automatic welding systems in various ways, but their reliability is seriously affected by presence of the arc noise. The reliability of vision sensors was analyzed with variation of the arc noise by considering the reflectance of the base metal. first, the properties of the base metal's reflection were modelled by using the Bidirectional Reflectance-Distribution Function(BRDF), and then the variation of the reflected arc intensity was formulated for various configurations of the torch, base metal, and sensor. The experimental data of the gray level of the reflected arc light were obtained for two materials, mild steel and stainless steel. It was found that the results calculated from the proposed model were in good agreement with the experimental data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2008

Microcellular foaming plastics create a sensation at polymer industrial for lowering product costs and overcoming a lowering of mechanical intensity. Among many advantages, microcellular foaming plastics is well known to have a good acoustical properties. This research based on the experiment of sound absorption and transmission characteristics inquire into acoustical properties of microcellular foaming plastics. Difference of transmission loss of microcellular foaming plastics and solid materials was defined as cell effect. Also, cell effect is expressed by sound reflection and sound absorption. This study is expected to fundamental research to present economical, functional alternative plan for products using sound absorption and transmission materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2002.11b
• /
• pp.492-497
• /
• 2002

In this paper, Power Flow Analysis(PFA) method has been applied to the prediction of vibration energy density and intensity of coupled shell structures in the medium-to-high frequency ranges. To consider the wave transformation at joint between shell elements, power transmission and reflection coefficients are investigated for various joint angles, and here Donnell-Mushtari thin shell theory has been used. For validations computations are performed to analyze the response of coupled shells by changing the excitation frequency and damping loss factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2000

A theoretical model for the evaluation of small surface fatigue crack initiated from a pit-type surface flaw is presented. The low frequency scattering model is developed based on the reciprocity principle for the elastic wave scattering. The effect of the flaw on the surface wave reflection from the crack is taken into account approximately by means of the stress intensity factor of cracks on a through thickness hole. The reflection coefficient of surface wave is derived for the prediction of small surface crack depth. Calculated results for pits with different sizes are illustrated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.31 no.3 s.258
• /
• pp.380-387
• /
• 2007

We carried out an image analysis of living cells forming their contacts at the bottom of the cell culturing substrate. In order to visualize the contact area selectively, we adopted total-internal-reflection-fluorescence (TIRF) method, which can illuminate the specimen volume within only several hundred nano-meters above the substrate. From the fluorescent intensity of the TRF image, we could calculate the distance of the cell surface from the substrate. As a result, we visualized the origin of cell contacts, their movements, and the change of cell-contact type from the close-contact into focal-contact with information of its vertical displacement representing the temporal evolution process of the three-dimensional cell-surface-profile near the contact area during this metamorphosis.