• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.55-95
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• 2010

'lesion corporelle'의 직역에 대한 의견에 있어서 약간의 차이가 있지만, 그것의 의미와 정신 또는 정신적 상해의 다양한 문맥상 적용함에 있어서는 분명하지 못하다. 미국 법원은 Floyed 사건이 바르샤바 협약 제17조에 따라 정신적 상해를 포함하는 범위에 대한 배상을 허용한 이후로 신체적 상해의 관련 또는 동반 여부에 따라 다르게 결정하고 있다. 대부분의 법원은 동 협약에 따라 순수한 감정적 손해에 대해서는 배상이 불가능하다는 의견에는 일치한다. 또한 신체적으로만 나타나는 증상 예를 들어 체중이 감소하거나 불면증과 같은 경우에는 감정적인 손해에 대한 배상을 인정하지 않는데 동의한다. 동시에 감정적 손해가 신체적 상해로부터 야기된 경우에는 그에 대한 배상에 동의한다. 이와 관련하여 현재는 바르샤바 협정의 용어가 그대로 유지되고 있어 많은 국가들의 판례가 상이하게 나타나고 있어 조약의 본래의 목적에 기여하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 정신적 상해와 관련된 PSTD 등의 사안은 현 바르샤바에 따르든지, ICAO에서 제안한 새로운 협약에 따르든지 그 여하를 불문하고 '신체적 상해'라는 용어 내에서 법원이 정신적 고통과 관련된 과학적 증거와 그 적용문제에 있어서 감당할 준비가 되어 있는지의 여부에 따라 달라질 것이다. 이러한 점들을 종합해 볼 때 현재의 바르샤바 협정 제17조의 '신체적 상해'라는 개념은 '정신적 상해'까지 확대되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 향후 조약에서 '신체적 상해'라는 용어는 '상해' 혹은 '건강훼손'이라는 용어로 개정 내지 교체해야 할 것이다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2014

혀의 색상 및 형태는 신체의 생리적이고 임상 병리적인 상태를 반영한다. 최근에는 정량적이고 객관화된 설 진단을 위해 다양한 설 영상 측정 장치가 개발되고 있다. 설 진단의 대부분은 혀의 색상 정보를 활용하기 때문에 설 영상 획득 장치에서 조명환경의 성능은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 좁은 시스템 내부 구조에서 설 표면에 조명이 고르게 비춰질 수 있도록 간접조명을 고안하였고, 그 성능을 평가하였다. 간접 조명환경 구현을 위해 타원체 형태의 반사 구조를 시스템 내부에 위치시키고, 타원체 내부에 높은 조도의 LED 두 개를 통해 정면 카메라 아래 방향으로 빛을 조사하도록 배치시켰다. 혀 위치 영역에는 반사 구조에 의해 반사된 빛만이 조사될 수 있도록 하였다. 조명의 균질도는 5개 영역에서 밝기를 측정하여 변동계수로 평가하였고, 직접조명과 확산판조명에서 각각 0.16, 0.13으로 나타난 반면 간접조명에서는 0.01미만으로 나타났다. 혀 모형을 통해 조명에 의한 빛 반사 영역의 비율을 계산한 결과는 직접조명, 확산판조명, 간접조명에서 각각 5.76%, 4.22%, 1.79%로 나타났다. 혀 모형을 측정한 영상에서 6영역의 변동계수를 계산해 색상 균질도를 평가한 결과는 간접조명에서 0.06 미만으로 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서 구현한 조명방식을 설진 시스템에 적용하여 진단 지표 측정의 재현성 및 반복성이 향상될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2011

Nickel cobalt ferrite($Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.5}Fe_2O_4$) powder was prepared through the ceramic route by the calcination of a stoichiometric mixture of NiO, CoO and $Fe_2O_3$ at $1100^{\circ}C$. The pressed pellets of $Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.5}Fe_2O_4$ were isothermally reduced in pure hydrogen at $800{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the reduction behavior and the kinetic reaction mechanisms of the synthesized ferrite were studied. The initial ferrite powder and the various reduction products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, reflected light microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer to reveal the effect of hydrogen reduction on the composition, microstructure and magnetic properties of the produced Fe-Ni-Co alloy. The arrhenius equation with the approved mathematical formulations for the gas solid reaction was applied to calculate the activation energy($E_a$) and detect the controlling reaction mechanisms. In the initial stage of hydrogen reduction, the reduction rate was controlled by the gas diffusion and the interfacial chemical reaction. However, in later stages, the rate was controlled by the interfacial chemical reaction. The nature of the hydrogen reduction and the magnetic property changes for nickel cobalt ferrite were compared with the previous result for nickel ferrite. The microstructural development of the synthesized Fe-Ni-Co alloy with an increase in the reduction temperature improved its soft magnetic properties by increasing the saturation magnetization($M_s$) and by decreasing the coercivity($H_c$). The Fe-Ni-Co alloy showed higher saturation magnetization compared to Fe-Ni alloy.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2022

The article examines the formation of the scientific paradigm of transformation of the potential-forming space of the regional economy under the influence of intellectual and innovative determinants. Based on the study of different scientific views on the nature and properties of potential-forming space through the study of approaches to understanding the concept of "space" clarified the complexity and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon and found that its characteristics are relevant to the industrial development model. It is revealed that the leading modern trends related to the spread of globalization and regionalization, rapid development of information and communication technologies, diffusion of innovations accompany the transition from industrial to post-industrial development and its development, which leads to new development: changes production, nature and relations between business entities, etc. It is proved that under such conditions, the region as a key element of the economic system, acquires a leading role in achieving sustainable and balanced development. These processes significantly affect the potential-forming space of the regional economy under the influence of intellectual and innovative determinants, leading to the need for its transformation and change in accordance with modern realities, which is reflected in thorough research on the formation of scientific paradigm based on the formation of its theoretical foundations and methodological basis. This study reveals the essence, role, functions, structure, process of formation of the scientific paradigm of transformation of the potential-forming space of the regional economy under the influence of intellectual and innovative determinants. It is proved that the formation of the modern scientific paradigm of transformation of the potential-forming space of the regional economy under the influence of intellectual and innovative determinants occurs in the context of building a post-industrial model of development, accompanied by consideration of the region as a spatial object territories from the physical plane to the spatial environment in which the development of human capital, innovation and self-development of the region. Taking into account the above, the article outlines the prerequisites and factors of formation of the scientific paradigm of transformation of the potential-forming space of the regional economy under the influence of intellectual and innovative determinants.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.100-101
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• 2012

The plasma damage free and room temperature processedthin film deposition technology is essential for realization of various next generation organic microelectronic devices such as flexible AMOLED display, flexible OLED lighting, and organic photovoltaic cells because characteristics of fragile organic materials in the plasma process and low glass transition temperatures (Tg) of polymer substrate. In case of directly deposition of metal oxide thin films (including transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS)) on the organic layers, plasma damages against to the organic materials is fatal. This damage is believed to be originated mainly from high energy energetic particles during the sputtering process such as negative oxygen ions, reflected neutrals by reflection of plasma background gas at the target surface, sputtered atoms, bulk plasma ions, and secondary electrons. To solve this problem, we developed the NBAS (Neutral Beam Assisted Sputtering) process as a plasma damage free and room temperature processed sputtering technology. As a result, electro-optical properties of NBAS processed ITO thin film showed resistivity of $4.0{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}m$ and high transmittance (>90% at 550 nm) with nano- crystalline structure at room temperature process. Furthermore, in the experiment result of directly deposition of TCO top anode on the inverted structure OLED cell, it is verified that NBAS TCO deposition process does not damages to the underlying organic layers. In case of deposition of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin film on the plastic polymer substrate, the room temperature processed sputtering coating of high quality TCO thin film is required. During the sputtering process with higher density plasma, the energetic particles contribute self supplying of activation & crystallization energy without any additional heating and post-annealing and forminga high quality TCO thin film. However, negative oxygen ions which generated from sputteringtarget surface by electron attachment are accelerated to high energy by induced cathode self-bias. Thus the high energy negative oxygen ions can lead to critical physical bombardment damages to forming oxide thin film and this effect does not recover in room temperature process without post thermal annealing. To salve the inherent limitation of plasma sputtering, we have been developed the Magnetic Field Shielded Sputtering (MFSS) process as the high quality oxide thin film deposition process at room temperature. The MFSS process is effectively eliminate or suppress the negative oxygen ions bombardment damage by the plasma limiter which composed permanent magnet array. As a result, electro-optical properties of MFSS processed ITO thin film (resistivity $3.9{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, transmittance 95% at 550 nm) have approachedthose of a high temperature DC magnetron sputtering (DMS) ITO thin film were. Also, AOS (a-IGZO) TFTs fabricated by MFSS process without higher temperature post annealing showed very comparable electrical performance with those by DMS process with $400^{\circ}C$ post annealing. They are important to note that the bombardment of a negative oxygen ion which is accelerated by dc self-bias during rf sputtering could degrade the electrical performance of ITO electrodes and a-IGZO TFTs. Finally, we found that reduction of damage from the high energy negative oxygen ions bombardment drives improvement of crystalline structure in the ITO thin film and suppression of the sub-gab states in a-IGZO semiconductor thin film. For realization of organic flexible electronic devices based on plastic substrates, gas barrier coatings are required to prevent the permeation of water and oxygen because organic materials are highly susceptible to water and oxygen. In particular, high efficiency flexible AMOLEDs needs an extremely low water vapor transition rate (WVTR) of $1{\times}10^{-6}gm^{-2}day^{-1}$. The key factor in high quality inorganic gas barrier formation for achieving the very low WVTR required (under ${\sim}10^{-6}gm^{-2}day^{-1}$) is the suppression of nano-sized defect sites and gas diffusion pathways among the grain boundaries. For formation of high quality single inorganic gas barrier layer, we developed high density nano-structured Al2O3 single gas barrier layer usinga NBAS process. The NBAS process can continuously change crystalline structures from an amorphous phase to a nano- crystalline phase with various grain sizes in a single inorganic thin film. As a result, the water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) of the NBAS processed $Al_2O_3$ gas barrier film have improved order of magnitude compared with that of conventional $Al_2O_3$ layers made by the RF magnetron sputteringprocess under the same sputtering conditions; the WVTR of the NBAS processed $Al_2O_3$ gas barrier film was about $5{\times}10^{-6}g/m^2/day$ by just single layer.