• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 NURBS의 기저함수를 이용하는 등기하 해석을 선형 탄성 문제에 적용하였다. 등기하 해석의 목적은 기하학적 모델링 (CAD)와 수치적 해석 (CAE)를 통합하는 것인데, 이는 계산 망으로써 NURBS에 의한 기하학적 모델링 결과를 직접 이용해서 이룰 수 있다. NURBS 곡면은 조정점과 노트 벡터들을 이용하여 정확한 기하학적 형상을 표현할 수 있으며, 또한 요소의 정밀화 과정이 상대적으로 용이하다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 컴퓨터 코드의 정당성을 보이기 위해 비교적 단순한 형태의 두 가지 구조모델에 적용하였다 ; 1) 균일 내압을 받는 실린더, 2) 균일 인장력이 작용하는 중앙에 구멍이 있는 정사각형 판. 이 두 모델은 정해가 있는 경우로서 절점을 추가하는 h-정밀화와 기저함수의 차수를 증가하는 p-정밀화에 의한 등기하 해석법을 적용한 근사해의 수렴성을 분석하였다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

After $SF_6$, which is being used in power equipment as an insulating material, is classified as one of the 6 major greenhouse gases, the maintenance and the refinement of used $SF_6$ started to get attention. In regard to this, KEPCO Research Institute (KEPRI) is developing $SF_6$ recovery and refinement technology starting with establishing a comprehensive $SF_6$ analysis system. With the analysis system, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the purity and the impurities of $SF_6$ before and after recovery, and before and after refinement have been carried out. The analysis system is comprised of GC-DID (Gas Chromatograph -Discharge Ionization Detector) for trace impurities analysis, GC-TCD (Thermal Conductivity Detector) for analyses of $SF_6$ purity and major impurities concentration from several hundred ppm up to percent range, GC-MSD (Mass Selective Detector) for analyses of impurities not included in standard gas, FT-IR (Fourier Transform-Infrared) Spectrometer for analysis of HF and $SO_2$, and moisture analyzer for analysis of moisture below 100 ppm. With this analysis system, complete analysis method of $SF_6$ has been established. This analysis system is being used in the maintenance of power equipment and the development of $SF_6$ recovery and refinement technologies. In this paper, the analysis results of four samples - gas and liquid phase $SF_6$ samples from a $SF_6$ refinement system before and after refinement are presented.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2002

A good fluidity of high strength Al-alloys is required to cast thin wall castings needed to reduce the weight of cast parts. The fluidity, measured as the length to which the metal flows in a standard channel, is affected by many factors, such as the pouring temperature, solidification type of the alloy, the channel thickness, melt head, mold materials and temperature, coating etc. Therefore the experimentally measured fluidity scatters very much and makes it difficult to estimate the fluidity of a melt with a few measurements. The effect of Ti content and grain refinement on the fluidity of high strength aluminum alloy was investigated with a test casting with 8 thin flow channels to reduce the scattering of the fluidity results. The fluidity of Al-4.8%Cu-0.6%Mn Al-6.2%Zn-1.6%Mg-1.0%Cu and well-known commercial aluminum alloy, A356 was tested. Initial content of Ti was varied from 0 to 0.2wt% and Al-5Ti-B master alloy was added for grain refinement. The flow length varied linearly with superheat. By adding Ti and Al-5Ti-B, the fluidity increased. The grain size decreased by adding grain refiner at the same time. The fluidity depended on the degree of grain refinement. The fluidity of the alloy solidifying in mushy type is improved by grain refinement, because grain refinement increases the solid fraction at the time of flow stoppage.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.767-793
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• 2011

An efficient edge-based smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) has been recently developed for solving solid mechanics problems. The ES-FEM uses triangular elements that can be generated easily for complicated domains. In this paper, the complexity study of the ES-FEM based on triangular elements is conducted in detail, which confirms the ES-FEM produces higher computational efficiency compared to the FEM. Therefore, the ES-FEM offers an excellent platform for adaptive analysis, and this paper presents an efficient adaptive procedure based on the ES-FEM. A smoothing domain based energy (SDE) error estimate is first devised making use of the features of the ES-FEM. The present error estimate differs from the conventional approaches and evaluates error based on smoothing domains used in the ES-FEM. A local refinement technique based on the Delaunay algorithm is then implemented to achieve high efficiency in the mesh refinement. In this refinement technique, each node is assigned a scaling factor to control the local nodal density, and refinement of the neighborhood of a node is accomplished simply by adjusting its scaling factor. Intensive numerical studies, including an actual engineering problem of an automobile part, show that the proposed adaptive procedure is effective and efficient in producing solutions of desired accuracy.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.366-371
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• 2007

In many CAD systems, NURBS has been employed to construct exact geometries. Recently, NURBS finite element analysis methods were proposed by some authors for convenient connection between CAD and finite element analysis. Additional advantages of NURBS FEA, such as exact geometry and no mesh generation, are obtained. However, NURBS is inefficient in local refinement and merging patches. For refinement of local region in interest, additional control points should be inserted into the entire row or column which contains the local region. There is another inefficiency of NURBS during merging patches into a large structure due to propagation of control points. In order to overcome these inefficiencies of NURBS, T-spline was proposed by Sederberg. In this work, T-spline based finite element method is proposed for efficient local refinement and merging patches. At first, accuracy and efficiency of NURBS FEA is verified and efficiency of T-spline FEA is verified by comparing with NURBS FEA.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.601-613
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• 2017

An adjoint-based error estimation and mesh adaptation study is conducted for two-dimensional viscous flows on unstructured hybrid meshes. The error in an integral output functional of interest is estimated by a dot product of the residual vector and adjoint variable vector. Regions for the mesh to be adapted are selected based on the amount of local error at each nodal point. Triangular cells in the adaptive regions are refined by regular refinement, and quadrangular cells near viscous walls are bisected accordingly. The present procedure is applied to single-element airfoils such as the RAE2822 at a transonic regime and a diamond-shaped airfoil at a supersonic regime. Then the 30P30N multi-element airfoil at a low subsonic regime with a high incidence angle (${\alpha}=21deg.$) is analyzed. The same level of prediction accuracy for lift and drag is achieved with much less mesh points than the uniform mesh refinement approach. The detailed procedure of the adjoint-based mesh refinement for the multi-element airfoil case show that the basic flow features around the airfoil should be resolved so that the adjoint method can accurately estimate an output error.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.256-268
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• 2000

GIS에서 사용하는 다중 공간 조인은 두 개 이상의 공간 조인이 중첩된 표현이다. 이는 공간 조인에 비해 보다 많은 수행 사간을 필요로 하는데 이를 빠르게 처리하기 위한 병렬화 알고리즘에 대한 연구가 없었다. 이 논문에서는 다중 공간 조인을 다중 공간 여과와 다중 공간 정제로 나누어서 병렬화한다. 그리고, 정제 단계에서 효율적인 정제 수행을 위해 2단계 실행 방법을 제시하는데, 첫번째가 다중 공간 여과의 결과인 후보 객체 테이블에서 발생하는 객체 및 연산의 중복을 제거하기 위한 그래프 생성이고, 두번째가 그래프의 분할에 의한 병렬 정제이다. 그래프에 의한 정제가 그렇지 않은 방법에 비해 매우 높은 성능 향상을 보였으며 병렬 정제를 위한 태스크 생성 방법은 객체를 정점으로 표현하는 그래프에서의 중복 최소화 분할방법이 가장 좋은 성능을 나타내었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권3_4호
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• pp.379-391
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• 2004

This paper deals with the development of h-version adaptive mesh refinement and recovery strategy using variable-node elements and its application to various engineering field problems with 2D quadrilateral and 3D hexahedral models. The variable-node elements which have variable mid-side nodes on edges or faces are effectively used in overcoming some problems in connecting the different layer patterns of the transition zone between the refined and coarse mesh. A modified recovery technique of gradients adequate for variable-node elements and proper selection of error norms for each engineering field problems are proposed. In the region in which the error is greater than the permissible refinement error, the mesh is locally refined by subdivision. Reversely, in some parts of the domain having the error smaller than the permissible recovery error, the mesh is locally recovered (coarsened) by combination. Hierarchical structures (e.g. quadtrees and octrees) and element-based storage structures are composed to perform this adaptive process of refinement and recovery. Some numerical examples of a 3D heat conduction analysis of the concrete with hydration heat and a 2D flow analysis of vortex shedding show effectiveness and validity of the proposed scheme.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2004

Mechanical property of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy is changed according to size and distribution of primary Si. Consequently, the study on the refinement for primary Si is progressed for a long time. But such effect of refinement comes out fading phenomena with the lapse of time. Therefore, this study investigated the optimum condition of primary Si refinement for hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. And we observed various primary Si size with P's fading phenomena. The experiment results were as follows. For experiment of primary Si refinement, we made hypereutectic Al-Si alloy with various amounts of P addition. As a result of experiment, we obtained the fine microstructure at 0.01wt.%P. And the optimum condition of P addition, for preventing from growth of primary Si by P fading, is estimated 0.1wt.%P.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.79-82
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• 2004

In this study, a new refinement technique for 3-dimensional hexahedral element mesh is proposed, which is aimed at the control of mesh density. With the proposed scheme the mesh is refined adaptively to the elemental error which is estimated by 'a posteriori' error estimator based on the energy norm. A desired accuracy of an analysis i.e. a limit of error defines the new desired mesh density map on the current mesh. To obtain the desired mesh density, the refinement procedure is repeated iteratively until no more elements to be refined exist. In the algorithm, at first the regions of mesh to be refined are defined and, then, the zero-thickness element layers are inserted into the interfaces between the regions. All the meshes in the regions, in which the zero-thickness layers are inserted, are to be regularized in order to improve the shape of the slender elements on the interfaces. This algorithm is tested on a simple shape of 2-d quadrilateral element mesh and 3-d hexahedral element mesh. A numerical example of elastic deformation of a plate with a hole shows the effectiveness of the proposed refinement scheme.