• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.191-200
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• 2020

Tracked military vehicles are operated under harsher conditions and climates than ordinary vehicles, and the components require high degrees of reliability and durability. A diesel engine is the main power generator, and when the vehicle breaks down, there is a high possibility of causing a large-scale accident. Therefore, analyzing the cause of engine failure can be important for preventing similar cases that may occur. In this study, we clarified the mechanism of engine failure according to an overhaul test, hardness measurement, and an analysis of the fracture surface. The overhaul test confirmed that a bolt was separated from the connecting rod (number 4). In addition, the hardness measurement results of the connecting rod bolt conformed to the standard, and it was found that the bolt fracture was ductile fracture through an analysis of the fracture surface. Based on the results, it was concluded that damage to a diesel engine of a tracked military vehicle was caused by separating and damage caused by loosening of the connecting rod bolts, resulting in cascading damage. The results of the study could be used as reference examples and could be useful for another study on engine failure analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

Body temperature (BT) monitoring in cattle could be used to early detect fever from infectious disease or physiological events. Various ways to measure BT have been applied at different locations on cattle including rectum, reticulum, milk, subcutis and ear canal. In other to evaluate the temperature stability and reliability of subcutaneous temperature (ST) in highly fluctuating field conditions for continuous BT monitoring, long term ST profiles were collected and analyzed from cattle in autumn/winter and summer season by surgically implanted thermo-logger devices. Purposes of this study were to assess ST in the field condition as a reference BT and to determine any location effect of implantation on ST profile. In results, ST profile in cattle showed a clear circadian rhythm with daily lowest at 05:00 to 07:00 AM and highest around midnight and rather stable temperature readings (mean${\pm}$standard deviation [SD], $37.1^{\circ}C$ to $37.36^{\circ}C{\pm}0.91^{\circ}C$ to $1.02^{\circ}C$). STs are $1.39^{\circ}C$ to $1.65^{\circ}C$ lower than the rectal temperature and sometimes showed an irregular temperature drop below the normal physiologic one: 19.4% or 36.4% of 54,192 readings were below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thus, for BT monitoring purposes in a fever-alarming-system, a correction algorithm is necessary to remove the influences of ambient temperature and animal resting behavior especially in winter time. One way to do this is simply discard outlier readings below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ resulting in a much improved mean${\pm}$SD of $37.6^{\circ}C{\pm}0.64^{\circ}C$ or $37.8^{\circ}C{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$, respectively. For location the upper scapula region seems the most reliable and convenient site for implantation of a thermo-sensor tag in terms of relatively low influence by ambient temperature and easy insertion compared to lower scapula or lateral neck.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.435-442
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• 2016

Obesity extends the global economic burden and it causes that the failure of a reduction of physical activity, and diet management. In this work, nutritional information and personalized diet based on calorie supply system and is discriminatory utilized the obesity-related SNP information in order to recommend a personalized functional foods. This study performed a GWAS analysis for the excavation of a Korean-specific and obesity-related SNP, which utilizes genetic information were recommended by entering a personalized diet in accordance with the SNP genotype-phenotype information. In addition, we integrated Database with relation of nutrient for utilizing the USDA Food information and it was applied to recommend with Sickdanome. As a result, the obesity-related SNP information was confirmed in the sample which has the normal value BMI. In this study, we have recognized that the phenotype information related obesity, BMI is inconsistent with the SNP genotype information. This result is shown that it is necessary to provide the personalized dietary SickdanOme recommendation based on the both pheotype-genotype information.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2004

Neutron induced prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy(NIPS) system measures the prompt gamma-ray emitting by the interaction of a neutron with various materials. This system will be of great benefit to scientists worldwide, since it provides the non-destructive measurement of many element in either solid or liquid wastes. In this study, the full-energy-peak (FEP) efficiency calibration for a HPGe detector was constructed in the ${\gamma}$-ray energy range from 80 keV to 8 MeV, using $^{l33}$Ba and >TEX>$^{152}Eu$ RI sources and $ ^{35}Cl(n, ${\gamma}$)^{36}Cl$ thermal neutron captured reaction. The FEP efficiency curve for the higher energies using the $^{35}Cl(n, ${\gamma}$)^{36}Cl$ reaction was normalized with the curve obtained from the RI sources, since the accurate activity of its prompt ${\gamma}$-ray is unknown. The average thermal neutron flux was theoretically calculated using the FEP efficiency curve for the KCl standard solutions. The NIPS system equipped with a ${\gamma}$-${\gamma}$ coincidence setup with two n-type coaxial HPGe detectors was considered in order to reduce the interfering ${\gamma}$-ray background. The FEP efficiency curve for the ${\gamma}$-${\gamma}$ coincidence system was also obtained for full energy range. The performance of the normal and coincidence NIPS system was tested by comparing signal-to-noise ratio in each mode using the reference sample.e.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

In the safety assessment of the geological disposal system of the radioactive wastes, the abnormal scenarios, in which the system is impacted by the abnormal events, need to be considered in addition to the reference scenario. In this study, characterization and prediction of well intrusion as one of the abnormal events which will impact the disposal system were conducted probabilistically and statistically for the safety assessment. The domestic well development data were analyzed, and the prediction methodologies of the well intrusion were suggested with a computation example. From the results, the annual well development rate per unit area in Korea was about 0.8 well/yr/km² in the conservative point of view. Considering the area of the overall disposal system which is about 1.5 km², the annual well development rate within the disposal system could be 1.2 well/yr. That is, it could be expected that more than one well would be installed within the disposal system every year after the institutional management period. From the statistical analysis, the probabilistic distribution of the well depth followed the log-normal distribution with 3.0363 m of mean value and 1.1467 m of standard deviation. This study will be followed by the study about the impacts of the well intrusion on the geological disposal system, and the both studies will contribute to the increased reliability of safety assessment.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

This study presented an analytical method for detecting radium in soils using a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). The isotope ²²⁶Ra was extracted from soil using the fusion method and then separated from interfering radionuclides using the precipitation method. Radium was coprecipitated as sulfate salts with barium (Ba) and then converted into Ba(Ra)CO₃, which is soluble in an acidic solution. The isotope ²²²Rn, the decay progeny of ²²⁶Ra, was trapped in a water immiscible cocktail and analyzed by LSC. The pulse shape analysis (PSA) level was estimated using ⁹⁰Sr and ²²⁶Ra standard solutions. The figure of merit was the highest at PSA 80, while the alpha spillover was the lowest at PSA 80. The counting efficiency was 243 ± 2% in a glass vial. This analytical method was verified with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reference materials, including IAEA-312, IAEA-314, and IAEA-315. The recovery ranged from 60–82%, while the relative bias between the measured value and the recommended value was less than 10%. The minimum detectable activity was 2.1 Bq kg⁻¹ with dry mass 1 g, the background count rate of 0.02 cpm, the recovery rate of 70% and counting time of 30 min.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.483-496
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• 2018

NCS (National Competency Standards) has emerged as an issue of great importance amongst Korean universities and corporations. Although previously used mostly for vocational education purposes at colleges, NCS is currently receiving an increasing amount of attention from 4-year universities as well. In the ever-evolving information economy, the basic workplace skills defined by NCS, which include soft skills such as communication skills, problem-solving skills, and interpersonal skills, have now become more important than specific technical skills. This study analyzes the correlation between the basic workplace skills of NCS with participation in Formula SAE activities, a common component of Capstone design courses across North America and Europe. Data are derived from site visits to Formula SAE competitions, competition-related documents drafted by student participants, and questionnaires administered to student participants at the Formula SAE Lincoln completion and at the Korea KSAE competition. From the study findings, we claim that the basic workplace skills of NCS are closely correlated to participation in Formula SAE activities. Through a survey designed to measure the degree to which Formula SAE activities can enhance an individual's NCS Basic Workplace Skills, we find that these activities overall improved NCS basic workplace skills averaging 4.0 points above in the Likert 5-point scale. For reference the mathematical skills, communication skills, and problem-solving skills displayed statistically significantly correlation with NCS but the remaining 7 skills did not show a statistically strong correlation with NCS comparatively.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.323-328
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two torasemide tablets, Torem tablet (Roche Korea Co., Ltd., Korea, reference drug) and Boryung Torsemide tablet (Boryung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Korea, test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). After adding an internal standard (furosemide) to human serum, serum samples were extracted using 5 mL of ethyl acetate. Compounds were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC method with UV detection. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 0.05 ug/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The lower limit of quantitation using 0.5 mL of serum was 0.05 ug/mL which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. Twenty-eight healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the torasemide dose of 20 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week washout period between the doses. Serum concentrations of torasemide were monitored by an HPLC-UV for over a period of 12 hr after the administration. $AUC_{t}$(the area under the serum concentration-time curve from time zero to 12 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum serum drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the serum concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_{t}$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_{t}$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for Boryung Torsemide/Torem were log 0.97-10g 1.03 and log 0.93log 1.12, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of log 0.80-log 1.25. Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guidelines for the bioequivalence was satisfied, indicating Boryung Torsemide tablet and Torem tablet are bioequivalent.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 1994

Indentification of IMP was carried out and changes in ATP breakdown products during storage at $0^{\circ}C\;ad\;20^{\circ}C$ were investigated in the muscles of ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. For identifying IMP, the ion-exchange column chromatographic method was applied to the perchloric acid extract of the muscle of cultured ascidian collected at the southern coast near Chungmu of Korea in April 1989. The IMP of sample was eluted a little earlier than that of the reference standard, but absorption spectra of both fractions agreed each other. In addition, both fractions gave the identical retention time of HPLC. These results reconfirmed that the ascidian muscle did contain IMP, indicating that ATP was degraded through IMP breakdown pathway, such as $ATP{\to}ADP{\to}AMP{\to}IMP{\to}Ino{\to}Hyp$. Ado was detected in some samples and IMP was detected throughout the experimental periods at both temperatures, but their levels were always very low; they did not increase significantly even when the decreasing rate of AMP was very rapid and concomitant remarkable increase in Ino were observed at the early stage of storage. Those changes in ATP suggest that AMP deaminase activity was present in the ascidian muscle, though it was very low. The main breakdwon pathway of ATP was assumed to be $ATP{\to}ADP{\to}AMP{\to}Ado{\to}Ino{\to}Hyp$. In conclusion, there were two breakdown pathways of ATP in the muscle of ascidian as was the case for the muscle of many marine crustaceans.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2018

Background: Panax notoginseng leaves (PNL) exhibit extensive activities, but few analytical methods have been established to exclusively determine the dammarane triterpene saponins in PNL. Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS) and HPLC-UV methods were developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in PNL, respectively. Results: Extraction conditions, including solvents and extraction methods, were optimized, which showed that ginsenosides Rc and Rb3, the main components of PNL, are transformed to notoginsenosides Fe and Fd, respectively, in the presence of water, by removing a glucose residue from position C-3 via possible enzymatic hydrolysis. A total of 57 saponins were identified in the methanolic extract of PNL by UPLC/Q-TOF MS. Among them, 19 components were unambiguously characterized by their reference substances. Additionally, seven saponins of PNL-ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rb3, and notoginsenosides Fc, Fe, and Fd-were quantified using the HPLC-UV method after extraction with methanol. The separation of analytes, particularly the separation of notoginsenoside Fc and ginsenoside Rc, was achieved on a Zorbax ODS C8 column at a temperature of $35^{\circ}C$. This developed HPLC-UV method provides an adequate linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999), repeatability (relative standard deviation, RSD < 2.98%), and inter- and intraday variations (RSD < 4.40%) with recovery (98.7-106.1%) of seven saponins concerned. This validated method was also conducted to determine seven components in 10 batches of PNL. Conclusion: These findings are beneficial to the quality control of PNL and its relevant products.