• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2003

The common errors in preoperative treatment plan for the orthognathic surgery can be occurred during cast impression, cast mounting procedure with face-bow transfer, surgical stent fabrication, and so on. One of the most common errors exists during mounting process of the model on the articulator. Accurate mounting of dental casts to articulator should be achieved by transferring the 3-dimensional spatial relationship of the maxillary arch to an articulator. A face-bow is used for transfer this relationship to articulator, usually by relating the face-bow to a plane of reference of maxillary cast. The purpose of this study is evaluation of the accuracy of face-bow transferring of maxillary model to the articulator. The maxillary casts of thirty patients for orthognathic surgery were mounted on articulator with an face-bow instrument. The relationship of occlusal plane angle to Frankfort horizontal plane relations were compared the cephalogram with the cast-mounted articulator. As a result of this study, the significant difference between the maxillary occlusal planes angle in the cephalogram and articulator were found. The results were followed, 1. The mean occlusal plane angle in cast-mounted articulator was $13.5^{\circ}\;(SD{\pm}5.4)$. 2. The mean occlusal plane angle in cephalogram was $10.4^{\circ}\;(SD{\pm}4.3)$. 3. The mean difference of occlusal plane angle between cast-mounted articulator and cephalogram was $3.3^{\circ}\;(SD{\pm}4.6)$. According to the result, we should suggest that the occlusal plane angle to Frankfort plane in cast-mounted articulator is more steeper than that of cephalogram. And then, maxillofacial surgeon should try to get a more predictable result by suggesting the proper correction method and mounting the cast accurately.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide guidance to plan clothing design with an analysis of design property of famous overseas brands. For this purpose, the prt-a-porter fashion collection from 2001 S/S to 2005 F/W is divided into the following sectors: brands, years, and seasons, focusing on the design elements, with regards to the design property of clothing. The reference for the actual study was 1055 pictures of clothing that were collected of collections of famous overseas brand. The results of this study are as follows. With regard to the character of the clothing design classified by brand, the design property was embossed with all design elements. Therefore, we can use design elements to express design property, like clothing design of famous overseas brands. With regard to the changes of clothing design year by year, it was changed with almost all of the design elements. Therefore, it is noted that clothing design do well to reflect the fashion trends of the year with almost all design elements. With regard to design properties of seasonal clothing, clothing design properties which are popular in the S/S season are slim silhouette, see-thru material, brilliant material, abstraction pattern, and so on. On the other hand, clothing design properties which are popular in the F/W season are wide silhouette, hard material, complex material, complex pattern, inorganic decoration and so on. Therefore, it is noted that clothing design do well to reflect the seasonal trends.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.127-134
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• 2011

Recently, the wireless data communication infrastructure appearing before the footlights crosses the limit in the wire and develop into the fast speed. Particularly, the issue about the u-Healthcare service using this increases. And the investigation of the quality guarantee of the wireless data network is important for the smooth service providing. However, the quality control research about the wireless network is insufficient because the existing research performs the quality control between the termination about the wired network continually. This paper presented the mobile service quality measurement reference considering the radio environment,that is the method for satisfying the quality guarantee of the wireless data network user offered the u-Healthcare service as the research about this and user needs. For this purpose, wireless data quality measurement indicator and standard was selected. The quality measure evaluation plan was presented according to the service. And each service presented the quality index especially.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.73-91
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• 2014

Recently the countries breeding bears such as China and Vietnam are promoting a policy that gives relief to wild animals through agreement with AAF and WSPA. Currently our country has lacking breeding space for the increased number of bred bears due to the prohibition of bear import and export from joining the CITES in 1992. There needs to be a place that treats, protects accepts breed bears in the terms of animal welfare. The bear park was hoped to be designed as a means to give relief to bears and promote harmony with the local society, and is made of parking area, waiting area, visitors center, treatment research management facilities, restaurants, food warehouse, food store, bear museum, sanitation facilities, gondola, plaza, rehabilitation area for wild animals, outdoor exhibition center, direct indirect experience area of wild animals, resting facilities and areas, photo zones, bear playground, bear experiencing facilities, fences, information facilities, tree protection facilities and more. The design can be used as a reference in examining alternative measures following the future change in breeding policy as a bear park example which reflected the ecology of a bear in the term of animal welfare.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1126-1132
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• 2009

Bridge structures are designed to support ordinary loadings such as vehicles, wind, temperature and current as well as unexpected loadings like earthquakes and storm. Especially, the displacement of Flexible bridges like an suspension bridge under ordinary loading conditions is necessary to be monitored. In case of long span bridges, there are some difficulties in monitoring the displacement of center of the main span using traditional laser displacement sensors. In this study, the static and dynamic displacement responses due to vehicle loadings were measured by DGPS(differential global positioning system) technique. The displacement response data were compared with data obtained from traditional laser displacement sensors so that the static and dynamic behavior of the bridge under vehicle loadings was examined and the applicability of the displacement response measurement using DGPS technique was verified. The static and dynamic loading test for an self-anchored suspension bridge, So-rok Bridge, was performed using vehicles. The displacement response from DGPS technique and that from laser displacement sensors of the bridge monitoring system were compared. The amplitude of white noise from DGPS based measurement was about 7 mm and that of laser displacement sensor based measurement was about 3 mm. On the other hand, dynamic behavior of the center of main span from DGPS based measurement showed better agreement with influence line of the bridge than that from laser displacement sensors. In addition, there were some irregular and discontinuous variation of data due to the instability of GPS receivers or frequent appearance of GPS satellites. Post-processing via the reference station close to an observation post provided by NGII(National Geographic Information Institute) will be a counter-plan for these defects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 2006

This study was performed to deduct the extension possibility of the standards establishment for $NO_2$, $O_3$, Asbestos, Radon, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) excluded in the indoor air part of Industrial Safety Acts in Korea. The air pollutants were sampled for 30 office buildings from August to September, 2005 in the metropolitan area. The airborne concentrations of $NO_2$, $O_3$, Radon and TVOC were 0.0092 ppm, 0.0035 ppm, 0.57 pCi/L and $423{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The management plan and reduction methods is required in the aspect of indoor air quality(IAQ) because the emission sources of those also exist in indoor as well as outdoor even though those were not exceeded the standards of the Ministry of Environment in Korea. The standard for TVOC in the new and remodeling office has to be established based on the risk assessment when hazard index exceeded "1" in the worst case scenario. In the state of art, the management of each volatile organic compounds has a difficulty due to not enough data for toxicological reference. Therefore, it is suggested that first of all, the standard for TVOC be established and then expanded to each materials for decision-making of improvement of IAQ in office.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1107-1108
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• 2006

As expanding municipal and industrial areas since started the economic development plan in earnest in 1970's, the water resource, mainly river surface water has been seriously polluted. Nevertheless, being upgraded in their treatment technologies for the drinking water, the safety has been issued one of crucially social problem in Korea. The water authorities has tried to improve the quality such as amending the drinking water quality standard to be monitored; hazardous chemicals and microorganis have been added and now 55 items, before 47 items, since in 2002. The Water Authorities of Seoul, the capital city of Korea, planned to assess the safty of drinking water quality after amended the standard. This study was conducted to assess the risk due to polluted chemicals including 21 heavy metals, VOCs, pesticides, PAHs, DBPs and organic chemicals among the regulated items. The risk assessment were undertaken hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization. For the exposoure assessment, tap water, bottled water and purified water were sampled and analyzed in February, 2004. Risk characterization of detected chemicals was categorized into carcinogenecity and noncarcinogenecity, and estimated the excess of carcinogens and compapared with the reference dose (RfD) of noncarcinogenns. The excess risk of carcinogens from samples were considered comparatively in the acceptable levels; $10^{-6}$ for cancer risk and hazard quotient (HQ) 1.0 for noncancer risk. The deteced levels were estimated in $10^{-5}{\sim}10^{-6}$ of cancer risk and below 1.0 of HQ of noncancer risk. While three kinds of water were determined within the acceptal levels, DBPs were detected in tap water and purified were and some undesireable chemicals such as more fluoride detected rather than the quality stanadard. For the drinking water safety, it shoud be continuously monitored, assessed and managed as well risk communiction between the authoritis and public.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm a structural model for health promotion for industrial workers. Methods: Data was collected by questionnaires from 294 industrial workers at a food manufacturing factory. The data collected were analyzed through SAS 8.1 and Window LISREL 8.12a. Results: 1. The result of the test showed that the measurement of fitness was $x^2$=(삭제) 443.35, $x^2$/df 5.3415, GFI .86, AGFI .75, RMR .060, NFI .95, NNFI .93, CN 77.58, and those other than NFI and NNFI did not well fit into the practical data. 2. 15 out of 29 paths in a constructed model were statistically significant. 3. The measurements for total fitness in the modified model were $x^2$= (삭제) 146.51, $x^2$/df 1.8546, GFI .95, AGFI .91, RMR .042, NFI .98, NNFI .99, CN 223.44, all of which showed fitness in good shape to the practical data. 4. The result of the study for the modified model indicated that perceived self efficacy had the most significant direct effect on health promotion behaviors, and self esteem, perceived benefits of action, interpersonal influences, commitment to a plan of action were important factors having influences on them. Conclusion: The derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior of industrial workers. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested implication in nursing practice.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.135-154
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• 2012

The goal of this paper is to analyze the Freedom Center Apacle in Seoul designed by Kin Soo Geun who was a leading architect in Korean Modern architecture. Freedom Center was built in 1963, that was the largest monumental building to support military regime during cold war period in Korea. This paper deals with historical background of construction of Freedom Center and its characteristics compared to similar monumental buildings, especially Corbusier's Chandigar and Kenzo Tange's Hiroshima Peace Center. The Monumentality in Freedom Center came from the reference to these two buildings and its site plan. This paper tried to show how similar the layout of buildings between the Freedom Center and Peace Center. The origin of the sublime aura in Tange's linear layout of Peace Center is from Japanese Famous Shrine(Jinku). Kim translated it to serve the ideological purpose to protect from socialist regime in the name of freedom. Its over-scaled roof and weak contents showed Freedom center was a kind of theaterical setting belong to formalist building. But in spite of its symbolic and representational gesture its also had a architectonic physical quality to make it a monument. The change and duration in time testified the autonomous power of architecture in Freedom Center. Freedom Center was also important for using the exposed concrete and its superior finish. It was influenced not from western way of Benton Brut which was usually called New Brutalism but Japanese way of treating expose concrete. In spite of its limits Freedom center achieved new trend and sensibility in Korean Modern Architecture.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2008

This research is designed for a consumer, not a supplier when it was designed. And the purpose is to present the reference data which is in order to improve the curriculum by analyzing the present subject of the curriculum. The research collected the curriculum for Dental Technology from a total of 20 schools --3-year colleges and 4-year colleges-- all in Korea. And we analyzed the average credits of subjects from students. As a result of this analysis, we get the conclusion below: 1. In a distribution which students answered about each subjects; Dental esthetic, Dental morphology I II, Dental morphology practice I II, and Seminar don't have many credits and mostly have a converged tendency in high points, according to the arithmetic mean of the major basis subjects. 2. In an analysis of the correlation which is based on the distinction of sex; Dental ceramics practice III, Medical terminology, Seminar, and The major basis subjects have a meaningful difference. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) 3. In an analysis of the correlation which is based on an age; The major basis subjects, and the application subjects have meaningful difference. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) 4. In a correlation coefficient between subjects; The correlation coefficient of the major application subjects is higher than the major basis subjects. According to the student ? t, we found that the level of significance is ${\rho}$ < 0.001, which is meaningful. We feel that Department of Dental Technology also highly need to design, and conduct focusing on a consumer who is working at the society, not a supplier. And we need to increase or decrease credits which have a meaningful difference.