• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.219-233
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• 1999

목 적 : Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)는 소아 하기도 감염증의 중요한 원인의 하나이다. 연구자들은 8년간 분리된 RSV A 아군의 항원상의 다양성과 G 단백 유전자의 변이를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 1990년부터 1998년까지 8년 동안 분리된 RSV A 아군 179주들을 대상으로 하였다. G 단백 유전자를 역전사 중합효소 연쇄 반응으로 증폭한 후 이 증폭 산물을 AluI, HineII, MboI, PstI, RsaI 및 TagI 등의 제한효소로 처리하여 이들의 절단 양상에 따른 유전자형들의 다양성을 파악하였다. 또, RSV에 대한 단클론 항체와의 반응 여부에 따른 항원형과 유전자형의 연관성을 검정하였다. 또한, 각 유전자형의 선택된 일부 주들의 염기 서열을 결정하여 이미 보고된 표준주 및 외국의 임상 분리주들과 비교하여 계통수 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 8회의 RSV 유행기 중 A 아군은 7회에서 유행하였다. A 아군 179주의 G 단백 유전자의 역전사 중합효소 연쇄 반응 증폭 산물의 제한효소에 의한 절단 양상에 따른 유전자형은 23가지였으며 이 중 12가지는 2개 이상의 바이러스주에서 나타났다. 단클론 항체와의 반응 양상에 따른 항원형은 6가지로 분류되었으며 그 중 한가지 형이 91%를 차지하였다. 항원헝과 유전형간의 상관관계는 적었다. 우리나라에서 분리된 A 아군의 G 단백의 염기 서열은 표준주틀과 91~93%의 동질성을 보였으며, 아미노산 서열은 표준주들과 85~90%의 동질성을 보였다. G 단백 염기 서열을 토대로 한 계통수에서 우리나라에서 분리된 RSV는 각기 표준주와는 다른 부위에 속하였고 A 아군은 4개의 군을 형성하면서 1988년부터 1993년까지 영국과 스페인에서 분리된 주들과 부분적으로 연관 관계를 나타냈다. 결 론 : 결론적으로 RSV A 아군의 유전자형은 항원형보다 더욱 다양한 양상을 보이며, 우리나라에서는 표준주 및 외국의 임상 분리주와는 차이가 있는 다양한 유전자형의 RSV가 유행하고 있다. 향후 RSV의 연구에는 이러한 점이 고려되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.365-376
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• 2020

미성숙배를 이용한 조직배양은 높은 재분화율로 인하여 밀 형질전환에 적용하기 위한 가장 좋은 방법이지만 매우 한정적인 수집시기와 생육조건으로 인해 이용하기 위한 시간의 제한과 많은 노동력이 집약되어있다. 따라서 안정적이고 지속적인 미성숙배 수집을 위해 스피드 브리딩 조건을 이용하여 출수가 촉진된 밀 이삭을 이용한 미성숙배 조직배양의 효율을 검정하였고, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 스피드 브리딩 조건의 출수기는 정상조건과 비교하여 36일에서 54일까지 단축되었으며, 개화 후 11일 된 영과에서 수집된 미성숙배 조직배양의 재분화율과 소식물체 출현 비율은 정상조건과 비교하여 유의한 차이가 없다는 것을 확인하였다. 2. 두 배양 조건에서 항산화 효소 활성 분석 결과 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 연관 표지 유전자 발현 검정을 통하여 일장과 세포분열과의 관계를 검정하여 스피드 브리딩 조건에서 수집된 이삭의 안정성을 검정하였다. 3. 본 연구 결과는 스피드 브리딩 조건을 활용한 미성숙배 조직배양에 활용될 것이며 관련 유전자 발현 및 항산화 활성 검정 결과를 통해 검증된 안정적 미성숙배는 밀 형질전환 기술 개발에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2015

Tapeworms of the genus Spirometra are pseudophyllidean cestodes endemic in Korea. At present, it is unclear which Spirometra species are responsible for causing human infections, and little information is available on the epidemiological profiles of Spirometra species infecting humans in Korea. Between 1979 and 2009, a total of 50 spargana from human patients and 2 adult specimens obtained from experimentally infected carnivorous animals were analyzed according to genetic and taxonomic criteria and classified as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei or Spirometra decipiens depending on the morphology. Morphologically, S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens are different in that the spirally coiled uterus in S. erinaceieuropaei has 5-7 complete coils, while in S. decipiens it has only 4.5 coils. In addition, there is a 9.3% (146/1,566) sequence different between S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens in the cox1 gene. Partial cox1 sequences (390 bp) from 35 Korean isolates showed 99.4% (388/390) similarity with the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei from Korea (G1724; GenBank KJ599680) and an additional 15 Korean isolates revealed 99.2% (387/390) similarity with the reference sequences of S. decipiens from Korea (G1657; GenBank KJ599679). Based on morphologic and molecular databases, the estimated population ratio of S. erinaceieuropaei to S. decipiens was 35: 15. Our results indicate that both S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens found in Korea infect humans, with S. erinaceieuropaei being 2 times more prevalent than S. decipiens. This study is the first to report human sparganosis caused by S. decipiens in humans in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an international health emergency. Current diagnostic tests are based on the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method, which is the gold standard test that involves the amplification of viral RNA. However, the RT-qPCR assay has limitations in terms of sensitivity and quantification. In this study, we tested both qPCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to detect low amounts of viral RNA. The cycle threshold (CT) of the viral RNA by RT-PCR significantly varied according to the sequences of the primer and probe sets with in vitro transcript (IVT) RNA or viral RNA as templates, whereas the copy number of the viral RNA by ddPCR was effectively quantified with IVT RNA, cultured viral RNA, and RNA from clinical samples. Furthermore, the clinical samples were assayed via both methods, and the sensitivity of the ddPCR was determined to be equal to or more than that of the RT-qPCR. However, the ddPCR assay is more suitable for determining the copy number of reference materials. These findings suggest that the qPCR assay with the ddPCR defined reference materials could be used as a highly sensitive and compatible diagnostic method for viral RNA detection.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2001

Two B. thuringiensis strains, which possess mosquitocidal activities, were isolated from Korean soil samples and named K-1205-1 and K-1381-1. Serological studies indicated that K-1205-1 and K-1381-1 belonged to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (H3a3b3c) and subsp. aizawai (H7), respectively. K-1205-1 produced typical bipyramidal parasporal inclusions, but K-1381-1 produced irregular bipyramidal shape. Total plasmid DNA patterns analysis shewed that K-1205-1 and K- 1381-1 were different from their reference strains, subsp. kurstaki and subsp. aizawai, respectively, in high molecules, whereas their crystal protein patterns showed no difference. The cry gene contents of K-1205-1 and K-1381-1 were identical with those of the reference strains. Mosquitocidal activities of crystal proteins produced by K-1205-1 and K-1381-1 were significantly high by about 40-50 folds at $LC_50$ when compared to those of subsp. kurstaki and subsp. aizawai. Finally, in southern blot analysis using cry1A-type specific probe, K-1205-1 and K-1381-1 had different bands from subsp. kurstaki and subsp. aizawai, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that K-1205-1 and K-1381-1 appear to be new moquitocidal B. thuringiensis strains isolated from Korean soil.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2018

Morphological and molecular characteristics of spirometrid tapeworms, Spirometra decipiens, were studied, which were recovered from a heavily infected stray cat road-killed in Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do (Province), the Republic of Korea (=Korea). A total of 134 scolices and many broken immature and mature proglottids of Spirometra tapeworms were collected from the small intestine of the cat. Morphological observations were based on 116 specimens. The scolex was 22.8-32.6 mm (27.4 mm in average) in length and small spoon-shape with 2 distinct bothria. The uterus was coiled 3-4 times, the end of the uterus was ball-shaped, and the vaginal aperture shaped as a crescent moon was closer to the cirrus aperture than to the uterine aperture. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of the cox1 target fragment (377 bp in length and corresponding to positions 769-1,146 bp of the cox1 gene) were performed using total genomic DNA extracted from 134 specimens. The cox1 sequences (377 bp) of the specimens showed 99.0% similarity to the reference sequence of S. decipiens and 89.3% similarity to the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei. In the present study, we report a stray cat heavily infected with S. decipiens identified by mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis and morphological examinations of the adult worms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1353-1362
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• 2016

Hanwoo, a Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreana), has great economic value due to high meat quality. Also, the breed has genetic variations that are associated with production traits such as health, disease resistance, reproduction, growth as well as carcass quality. In this study, next generation sequencing technologies and the availability of an appropriate reference genome were applied to discover a large amount of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ten Hanwoo bulls. Analysis of whole-genome resequencing generated a total of 26.5 Gb data, of which 594,716,859 and 592,990,750 reads covered 98.73% and 93.79% of the bovine reference genomes of UMD 3.1 and Btau 4.6.1, respectively. In total, 2,473,884 and 2,402,997 putative SNPs were discovered, of which 1,095,922 (44.3%) and 982,674 (40.9%) novel SNPs were discovered against UMD3.1 and Btau 4.6.1, respectively. Among the SNPs, the 46,301 (UMD 3.1) and 28,613 SNPs (Btau 4.6.1) that were identified as Hanwoo-specific SNPs were included in the functional genes that may be involved in the mechanisms of milk production, tenderness, juiciness, marbling of Hanwoo beef and yellow hair. Most of the Hanwoo-specific SNPs were identified in the promoter region, suggesting that the SNPs influence differential expression of the regulated genes relative to the relevant traits. In particular, the non-synonymous (ns) SNPs found in CORIN, which is a negative regulator of Agouti, might be a causal variant to determine yellow hair of Hanwoo. Our results will provide abundant genetic sources of variation to characterize Hanwoo genetics and for subsequent breeding.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2010

A total of 191 samples collected from the commercial swine farms located in Chungnam province were investigated by PCR to estimate the prevalence of Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis infection. In the group of the pigs with proliferative enteritis, 14 (93.3%) of 15 intestinal samples and 12 (80.0%) of 15 feces were positive in PCR. In contrast, a relatively low positive rate (18.0%, 29 of 161 samples) was determined in the group of normal healthy pigs. The group of pigs over 120 days showed the highest positive rates (26.8%, 15 of 56 samples). In the comparison of the sequences of 210bp for species specific fragments and 301bp for outer membrane protein, the isolates (L1. L2) showed almost 100% identity with the reference L. intracellularis (L08049, USA). For the sequences of partial 16s rDNA, the homologies among the 5 isolates (L1-L5) were 97.4% to 99.3%, and those of 5 sequences (L1-L5) versus 5 overseas reference strains of L. intracellularis ranged from 98.6% to 99.8%. In the comparison of the nucleotide sequences among 5 isolates and other species in Desulfovibrionales showed 82.4 to 99.5% identities. The 5 isolates shared relatively low identities (76.9% to 84.4%) with the species of alpha-proteobacteria. In phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rDNA sequences, all of the 5 isolates (L1-L5) were located in the same branch with the strains of L. intracellularis that were previously isolated from the pigs in USA and China. Seven strains of Desulfovibrio sp. were clustered in the neighboring branches, whereas alpha and gamma Proteobacteria showed distant relationship with L. intracellularis strains. The present findings suggest that L. intracellularis infection is endemic in the swine farms in the regions, and that the domestic isolates maintained very limited genetic variation.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.108-120
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• 2017

Modern watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum.& Nakai var. lanatus) have fruits with diverse phenotypes, including fruit shape, rind patterns, and flesh color. Molecular markers enable efficient selection of plants harboring desirable phenotypes. In the present study, publicly available DNA markers tightly linked to fruit shape, rind stripe pattern, and flesh color were evaluated using 85 watermelon accessions with diverse fruit phenotypes. For fruit shape, the dCAPS SUN - Cla011257 marker revealed an 81% of marker - trait match for accessions with elongated or round fruits. For rind stripe pattern, the SCAR wsb6-11marker was effective for selecting Jubilee-type rind pattern from other rind patterns. For flesh color, the Clcyb.600 and Lcyb markers derived from a mutation in the Lycopene ${\beta}$ - cyclase (Lcyb) gene, were effective at selecting red or yellow flesh. Forty-eight accessions possessing diverse fruit - related traits were selected as a reference array and their genetic relationships assessed using 16 SSR markers. At a coefficient of 0.11, the 48 accessions grouped into two major clades: Clade I and Clade II. Clade I subdivided further into subclades I - 1 and I - 2 at a coefficient of 0.39. All accessions with colored flesh were classified into Clade I, whereas those with white - flesh were classified into Clade II. Differences in fruit traits between subclades I - 1 and I - 2 were observed for rind pattern and fruit color; a majority of the accessions with Crimson-type striped or non-striped rind were grouped together in subclade I - 1, while most accessions in subclade I - 2 had a Jubilee - type rind stripe pattern. These results imply that reference array watermelon accessions possess distinguishable genetic structure based on rind stripe pattern. However, no significant grouping pattern was observed based on other fruit-related traits.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2016

치주질환은 치아주위 조직에 발현된 염증성 질환이다. 전염증성 사이토카인인 $TNF-{\alpha}$는 국소적인 염증이나 전반적인 염증과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국인에서 TNF 유전자 다형성과 전반적 급진성 치주염 간의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 실험군이 60명, 대조군이 81명 이었다. 협측에서 DNA를 채취하여 각 제한효소를 이용한 PCR-RFLP에 의해 $TNF-{\alpha}-308$과 -238을 측정하였다. 급진성 치주염 환자에서 $TNF-{\alpha}-308$ 유전자형은 A/A 3.2%, A/G 38.7% 그리고 G/G 82.35%가 나타났으며 대조군에서는 각 9.1%, 45.5%, 45.5%로 유의한 차이를 보이는 결과이다. $TNF-{\alpha}-238$의 대립유전자 2의 빈도는 실험군에서 67.6%, 대조군에서 72.2%로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과에 따르면 $TNF-{\alpha}-308$과 -238의 유전자다변성은 한국인의 급진성치주염과 연관이 있을 것으로 생각된다.