• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2011

Most of the terminologies used in medical domain is not intended to be applied directly in clinical setting but is developed to integrate the terms by defining the reference terminology or concept relations between the terms. Therefore, it is needed to develop the subsets of the terminology which classify categories properly for the purpose of use and extract and organize terms with high utility based on the classified categories in order to utilize the clinical terms conveniently as well as efficiently. Moreover, it is also necessary to develop and upgrade the terminology constantly to meet user's new demand by changing or correcting the system. This study has developed a mapping tool that allows accurate expression and interpretation of clinical terms used for medical records in electronic medical records system and can furthermore secure semantic interoperability among the terms used in the medical information model and generate common terms as well. The system is designed to execute both 1:1 and N:M mapping between the concepts of terms at a time and search for and compare various terms at a time, too. Also, in order to enhance work consistency and work reliability between the task performers, it allows work in parallel and the observation of work processes. Since it is developed with Java, it adds new terms in the form of plug-in to be used. It also reinforce database access security with Remote Method Invocation (RMI). This research still has tasks to be done such as complementing and refining and also establishing management procedures for registered data. However, it will be effectively used to reduce the time and expenses to generate terms in each of the medical institutions and improve the quality of medicine by providing consistent concepts and representative terms for the terminologies used for medical records and inducing proper selection of the terms according to their meaning.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2024

Structural seismic tests usually need to simulate the gravity load borne by the structure, the gravity load application devices should keep the force value and direction unchanged, and can adapt to the structural deformation. At present, there are two main ways to simulate gravity load in laboratory: roller group and prestress. However, there are few differential analysis between these two ways in the existing experimental studies. In this paper, the simulation software ABAQUS is used to simulate the static pushover analysis of reinforced concrete column and frame, which are the most common models in structural seismic tests. The results show that the horizontal restoring force of the model using prestressed loading method is significantly greater than roller group, and the difference between the two will increase with the increase of the horizontal deformation. The reason for the difference is that the prestressed loading method does not take the adverse effects of gravity second-order effect (P-Delta effect) into account. Therefore, the restoring force obtained under prestressed loading method should be corrected and the additional shear force caused by P-Delta effect should be deducted. After correction, the difference of restoring force between the two gravity load application methods is significantly reduced (when storey-drift is 1/550, the relative error is within 1%; and when storey-drift is 1/50, the relative error is about 3%). The research results of this research can provide reference for the selection and data processing of gravity load simulation devices in structural seismic tests.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2021

[목 적] 의료기관의 핵의학 검사실에서 신규검사를 도입하거나 사용하던 시약을 변경하게 되는 경우 절차에 따라 검사의 특성이 분석되고 시약에 대한 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 그러나 요구되어지는 비교실험을 모두 수행하기 위해서는 몇 가지 필요한 조건이 충족되어야 하는데, 첫째 각 검사별로 수행하기에 충분한 검체량이 준비되어야하며, 둘째 비교실험에 적용 가능한 다양한 시약의 공급이 가능해야한다. 충분한 비교실험이 이루어졌다고 하더라도 변경된 시약에 의한 데이터 변동이 전체 환자데이터 변동을 의미하는 것에는 한계가 있으므로 검사실에서 시약이 변경되는 것에 대한 부담이 있다. 이러한 다양한 어려움으로 검사실에서의 시약변경은 제한적으로 이루어지고 있다. 본원에서는 원할한 경쟁 입찰을 도입하기 위하여 검사별로 radioimmunoassay(RIA)시약을 전수조사하고 비교실험을 통해 검사실에서 사용가능한 시약범위를 설정하였다. 이 과정을 공유하고자 하였다. [대상 및 방법] 본원 핵의학 검체 검사실에서 시행하고 있는 검사는 위탁검사를 제외하고 총 20종목이다. 각각의 검사별로 외부정도관리와 기관간 정도관리 결과보고서를 참고로 사용가능한 RIA시약을 전수 조사하였고, 각 시약에 대한 메뉴얼을 확보하였다. 각각의 시약마다 메뉴얼을 확인하여 검사 방법과 incubation시간, 검사 시 필요한 검체량, 시약량 등을 확인하여 본 검사실에서 사용가능한지 여부에 따라 시약 1차 선정을 하였다. 1차 선정된 시약을 100 test기준으로 2 kit씩 공급받아 데이터 상관성시험, 민감도, 회수율, 희석시험을 진행하였고, 비교실험 결과에 따라 시약을 2차 선정하였다. 1, 2차 선정을 통과한 시약을 경쟁 입찰리스트로 제출하였다. 검사 시약을 단수로 지정할 경우에는 1차, 2차 선정 과정에서 얻은 자료로 단수지정 사유서를 작성하였다. [결 과] 각각의 시약마다 매뉴얼을 확인하여 시약 1차 선정에서 제외되는 경우는 각 검사의 현재 Turn Around Time(TAT)보다 길어지는 경우와 검사 시 사용 시약량이 많아 장비사용이 불가능한 경우였다. 1차 선정에서 사용가능한 시약이 1개인 경우는 5종목 squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC Ag), 𝛽-human chorionic gonadotropin(𝛽-HCG), vitamin B12, folate, free testosterone 이었고, 2개인 경우는 8종목 (CA19-9, CA125, CA72-4, ferritin, thyroglobulin antibody(TG Ab), microsomal antibody(Mic Ab), thyroid stimulating hormone-receptor-antibody(TSH-R-Ab), calcitonin), 3개인 경우는 5종목(triiodothyronine(T3), Free T3, Free T4, TSH, intact parathyroid hormone(intact PTH)), 4개인 경우는 2종목(carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), TG)이었다. 2차 최종 선정결과 사용가능한 시약이 3개인 것은 T3, Free T3, Free T4, TSH, CEA, 2개인 것은 TG Ab, Mic Ab, TSH-R-Ab, CA125, CA72-4, intact PTH, calcitonin이었다. 단수 지정된 종목은 ferritin, TG, CA19-9, SCC, 𝛽-HCG, vitamin B12, folate, free testosterone이었다. 2차 선정에서 제외된 사유에는 비교실험을 위한 시약공급이 안된 경우와 데이터 재현성에 문제가 있었던 경우, 데이터 변동에 대한 수용이 불가능하다고 판단되는 경우였다. 비교실험 시 가장 문제가 되는 부분은 검체 수집이었다. 검사건수가 많고 검사 시 필요한 검체량이 적은 경우에는 문제가 되지 않았지만, 검사건수가 적은 경우(월 100건 이하)에는 다양한 농도 검체를 수집하기가 어려웠으며, 한번 검사 시 필요한 검체량이 상대적으로 많은 경우(100 uL이상)에는 회수율시험을 진행하기가 어려웠다. 또한 민감도 측정이나 희석시험을 위한 희석액이나 표준액0 물질이 부족한 경우도 문제점 중의 하나였다. [결 론] 검사시약 변경을 위한 비교실험 시 다양하고 충분한 검체 수집을 위해 적정한 준비기간이 필요하다. 또한 1회 검사 시 필요한 검체량 및 시약량에 따라 비교실험 시 필요한 총 검체량, 시약량 범위를 설정해 놓는다면 비교실험을 진행할 때마다 검체 수집과 실험계획을 세우는 데 부담이 줄어들 것이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.404-409
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• 2008

Excessive presence of heavy metals in environment affects plants and fruits grown in the contaminated area. Rapid on-site monitoring of heavy metals can provide useful information for efficiently characterizing heavy metal-contaminated sites and for minimizing the exposure of the contaminated food crops to humans. This study reports on the evaluation of gold and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes with mercury or bismuth as a coating material for simultaneous determination of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in 0.1 M $HNO_3$ solution by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The use of a square-wave voltammetric potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode caused Cd and Pb ions deposited on the electrode surface to be oxidized, thereby generating electric currents at different potentials. The mercury-coated gold electrode was not sensitive enough to detect the usable range of Cd concentrations (1 to 100 ppb). The GC electrodes with mercury or bismuth displayed well-defined, sharp and separate current peaks for Cd and Pb ions when the square-wave voltammetric potentials were applied. The peak currents measured with both mercury- and bismuth- coated GC electrodes were linearly proportional to Cd and Pb concentrations in the range of 1 to 200 ppb in 0.1 M $HNO_3$ with strong linear relationships between concentration and peak current ($R^2$ > 0.95), indicating that both of Cd and Pb ions could be quantitatively measured.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1373-1384
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• 1997

There have been a number of expert systems which are concerned with the design of machine elements such as gear, shaft, bearing and so on. However the design of more complicated systems such as gear dreives are still difficult. Thus, in consideration of the integrative nature of the system, we develop a design support system for gear drives which is composed of various machine elements-gear, shaft, bearing, key and so on. Design systems for each machine element are developed and integrated through object-oriented approach. Databases essential for data reference and/or data control in the design process are built up independently and interface to the main program. Expert systems are also developed and integrated for intelligent support to the designer, in those of the determination of gear specification and the selection of bearing types. Through the integration of design environment for each machine element, it is expected to increase the convenience in the design process and the stability of the design solution. And also the system management, including addition of various design/analysis modules and expansion to the gear drives of other types, can be conveniently achieved since the system has developed under due consideration of its efficiency and expandability through object-oriented programming approach.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.804-811
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• 2018

Objective: Complete mtDNA D-loop sequences of four Thai indigenous chicken varieties, including Pra-dhu-hang-dam (PD), Leung-hang-khao (LK), Chee (CH), and Dang (DA) were explored for genetic diversity and relationships with their potential ancestor and possible associates to address chicken domestication in Thailand. Methods: A total of 220 complete mtDNA D-loop sequences of the four Thai indigenous chicken varieties were obtained by Sanger direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplicons of 1,231 to 1,232 base pair in size. A neighbor-joining dendrogram was constructed with reference complete mtDNA D-loop sequences of Red Junglefowl (RJF) and those different chicken breeds available on National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Genetic diversity indices and neutrality test by Tajima's D test were performed. Genetic differences both within and among populations were estimated using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Pairwise fixation index ($F_{ST}$) was conducted to evaluated genetic relationships between these varieties. Results: Twenty-three identified haplotypes were classified in six haplogroups (A-E and H) with the majority clustered in haplogroup A and B. Each variety was in multiple haplogroups with haplogroups A, B, D, and E being shared by all studied varieties. The averaged haplotype and nucleotide diversities were, respectively 0.8607 and 0.00579 with non-significant Tajima's D values being observed in all populations. Haplogroup distribution was closely related to that of RJF particularly Gallus gallus gallus (G. g. gallus) and G. g. spadiceus. As denoted by AMOVA, the mean diversity was mostly due to within-population variation (90.53%) while between-population variation (9.47%) accounted for much less. By pairwise $F_{ST}$, LK was most closely related to DA ($F_{ST}=0.00879$) while DA was farthest from CH ($F_{ST}=0.24882$). Conclusion: All 4 Thai indigenous chickens are in close relationship with their potential ancestor, the RJF. A contribution of shared, multiple maternal lineages was in the nature of these varieties, which have been domesticated under neutral selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1651-1659
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• 2011

This study was conducted to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for thirteen growth and meat quality traits in pigs by combing QTL experimental populations. Two F2 reference populations that were sired by Korea native pig (KNP) and dammed by Landrace (LN) or Yorkshire (YK) were generated to construct linkage maps using 123 genetic markers (mostly microsatellites) and to perform QTL analysis on porcine chromosomes (SSCs) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, and 15. A set of line-cross models was applied to detect QTL, and a series of lack-of-fit tests between the models was used to characterize inheritance mode of QTL. A total of 23, 11 and 19 QTL were detected at 5% chromosome-wise level for the data sets of KNP${\times}$LN, KNP${\times}$YK cross and joint sets of the two cross populations, respectively. With the joint data, two Mendelian expressed QTL for live weight and cooking loss were detected on SSC3 and SSC15 at 1% chromosome-wise level, respectively. Another Mendelian expressed QTL was detected for CIE a on SSC7 at 5% genome-wise level. Our results suggest that QTL analysis by combining data from two QTL populations increase power for QTL detection, which could provide more accurate genetic information in subsequent marker-assisted selection.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.235-255
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• 2012

독서인증제는 독서교육 방법의 하나로 학생들의 독서 및 독후활동 이후 이를 담임교사나 사서가 인증해주고 그에 대한 보상을 통해 독서동기를 유발하는 프로그램이다. 본 연구는 경기도 가평지역 초등학교에서 실시하고 있는 독서인증제의 운영현황 및 효과를 조사 분석하고 문제점과 그에 대한 개선방안을 제시하고자, 문헌조사를 통해 학교도서관의 독서교육과 독서인증제에 관한 이론을 고찰하고, 사서와 학생을 대상으로 운영현황, 효과, 만족도, 독후활동, 독서동기 요인 등의 항목으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과를 분석하여 도출한 문제점에 대한 개선방안으로는 권장도서 선정, 다양한 보상체계를 위한 자체 예산배정, 참여율이 저조한 학생을 위한 독후활동 개발 등이 있다. 본 연구의 결과가 각 초등학교에서 독서인증제 시행 시 참고할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용되고, 독서인증제 적용에 대한 인식 전환의 계기가 되기를 기대한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1411-1416
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• 2014

Gender selection is important in livestock industries; for example, female calves are required in the dairy industry. Sex-sorted semen is commonly used for the production of calves of the desired gender. However, assessment of the sex ratio of the sorted semen is tedious and expensive. In this study, a rapid, cost effective and reliable method for determining the sex ratio was developed using a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. In this assay, the X and Y chromosome-specific markers, i.e., bovine proteolipid protein (PLP) gene and sex-determining region Y (SRY) were simultaneously quantified in a single tube. The multiplex real-time PCR assay was shown to have high amplification efficiencies (97% to 99%) comparable to the separated-tube simplex real-time PCR assay. The results obtained from both assays were not significantly different (p>0.05). The multiplex assay was validated using reference DNA of known X ratio (10%, 50%, and 90%) as templates. The measured %X in semen samples were the same within 95% confidence intervals as the expected values, i.e., >90% in X-sorted semen, <10% in Y-sorted semen and close to 50% in the unsorted semen. The multiplex real-time PCR assay as shown in this study can thus be used to assess purity of sex-sorted semen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1483-1496
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• 2001

Small ruminants form an important economic and ecological niche in small farm systems and agriculture. Their current low level of contribution is dismal, and is not commensurate with the potential capacity for higher levels of production. The context for productivity enhancement and increased socio-economic contribution relates to large sizes of small ruminant populations; wide distribution across various agro-ecological zones and production systems; and diversity of breeds, where 66% of all goat and 57% of sheep breeds in Asia are found in China, India and Pakistan. The advantages and disadvantages of small ruminants over larger ruminants are enumerated with reference to adaptation and environment, small size, production systems and products and interactions with the environment. Discussion focuses especially on efficiency of meat production and niche markets for higher-priced goat meat, and inefficient marketing systems given an estimated 40-45% loss of income to farmers presently. Increasing the quantity of meat produced is related to live weight and the total number of animals at Slaughter, which in turn, depend on the total number of offsprings weaned and lifetime productivity. At the national level, priority attention is essential to build up numbers in concerted breeding programmes, selection for efficiency of reproduction and meat production, and improvements to make traditional markets and marketing systems to respond to the changing environmental and consumer preferences. Post-production systems are neglected and improvements are associated with collection, handling, marketing, slaughter facilities and consumer requirements. Potential opportunities to expand and benefit from integrating small ruminants into annual and perennial cropping systems remain largely unexplored. Important development imperatives include choice of species and better use of available breeds, appropriate production systems that match available feed resources, and linkages between production, products and by-products to markets. Affirmative action is necessary, backed by official policy support, institutional commitment and increased resource use, that can target poverty and directly benefit the poor, and shift subsistence production to a more market-oriented opportunity. These efforts together constitute the challenges for both the owners and producers of small ruminants in the immediate future, as also the will to accelerate increased productivity, improve their livelihoods and promote rural growth.