• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.374-379
• /
• 2019

In this study, we report a new record of the clustered bur-reed Sparganium glomeratum (Laest. ex Beurl.) Beurl., from Yongneup Moor of Daeamsan Mt. in Gangwon-do, Korea. This species is distributed in the cool temperate and circumboreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. As we recorded this species in a high-altitude wetland, we named it "Du-me-heuk-sam-neung" after the Korean word that translates to "Sparganium found in deep mountains." We provide descriptions of the morphological characteristics, photographs, and detailed illustrations of S. glomeratum, as well as a key to allied taxa in Korea.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 1986

간석지(干拓地)에 자생(自生)하는 갈대 식생군락(植生群落)에 무비구(無肥區)와 시비구(施肥區)를 설치하여 5월(月)부터 10월(月)까지 월별(月別)로 초장(草長), 엽경비(葉莖比) 및 생산량(生産量)을 측정하고, 시료(試料)를 채취한 후 사료성분(飼料成分) 및 in vitro 건물소화율(乾物消化率)을 추정하였는바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시비(施肥)에 의하여 갈대의 초장(草長) 및 수량(收量)이 증가(增加)하는 한편 식물체(植物體)의 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 및 in vitro 건물소화율이 유의적으로 향상되었는데 반(反)해 ADF 함량(含量)이 감소하였다. 2. 상관계수(相關係數)의 유의성(有意性) 검정(檢定)결과 생육시기(生育時期) 초장(草長), 수량(收量), crude fiber 및 ADF함량(含量)과 in vitro 건물소화율간(乾物消化率間)에는 부(負)(-)와 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타냈고, 엽경비율(葉莖比率) crude protein 및 crude fat 함량(含量)과 건물소화율(乾物消化率)과는 정(正)(+)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타냈다(P<0.05).

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 갈대 지상경 채취시기와 관련된 제한점을 극복하기 위한 방안으로 가을에 채취한 갈대에 생장조절 식물호르몬인 옥신(IAA)을 다양한 농도($10^{-3}$ M, $10^{-6}$ M, $10^{-9}$ M, $10^{-12}$ M)로 처리하였다. 2012년 9월 5일, 상당 부분 경화가 진행된 산지 습지 갈대에 옥신을 처리한 결과 240개의 절편으로부터 총 19개의 경엽부 출현이 확인되었으며, $10^{-6}$ M에서 옥신의 효과가 가장 크게 나타났다. 산지 습지로부터 이식하여 서울대학교에서 1년간 생육시켜온 갈대의 경우 약 2주 가량 늦게(2012년 9월 19일) 실험을 수행하였음에도 불구하고 $10^{-6}$ M의 옥신 처리 후 60개의 삽목 절편으로부터 총 50개의 경엽부가 출현하였다. 하지만 동일한 방법으로 약 40일 가량 더 경과한 시점인 10월 29일 삽목 실험 결과 60개의 절편으로부터 오직 2개의 경엽부만을 확인할 수 있었다. 앞선 두 실험 시 서울의 기온이 $20^{\circ}C$ 안팎이었던데 반해 세 번째 실험시엔 $10^{\circ}C$ 수준으로 부정아 형성이 이뤄지기엔 다소 낮은 기온이 그 원인으로 보여 진다. 삽목 절편의 직경이 두꺼울수록 출현 경엽부의 직경도 두꺼웠으며(경엽부의 직경은 삽목한 절편 직경의 약 20% 수준이었다.), 이는 더 큰 초고 생장을 가능케 하는 중요한 요소이므로 되도록 두꺼운 갈대 절편을 삽목에 활용하는 것을 제안한다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the growth response of 3 grasses to seed coating with chitosan solution and the attempt was made to estimate adequate seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution in each grass for the growth to be stimulated. Three species used in this experiment were orchardgrass, tall fescue and reed canarygrass. Six different seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution were applied as 0%(control), 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 1.0%, respectively. the results were obtained as follows; 1. Dry weight of tiller(WT), leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY) and C/F ratio were significantly different between species. 2. Number of tillers per plant(NT), dry weight of tiller(WT), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of root(RW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY) and T/R ration were significantly different between seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution. 3. The adequate seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution for the growth stimulating effect were different between species. The highest values of yield components and dry weight of plant parts were obtained at 1% in orchardgrass and tall fescue, and 0.05% in reed canarygrass, respectively. 4. Growth stimulating effect of seed coating in each species were different. The highest values were obtained in leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of root(RW), dry weight of shoot(SHW) and dry weight of biological yield(BY) in orchardgrass. The values of dry weight of stem(SW) and C/F ration were highest in reed canarygrass. 5. An increase in number of tillers per plant(NT), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW) and dry weight of root(RW) according to seed coating was attributed to the increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW). Among the aboved increasing factors, the dry weight of leaf(LW) was a main factor for the increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW). 6. An increase in dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW) and dry weight of root(RW) according to seed coating was attributed to the increase in biological yield(BY). Both the dry weight of leaf(LW) and dry weight of root(RW) were main factors for the increase in biological yield(BY).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2000

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of cutting frequency(3rd and 5th cut) and level of nitrogen fertilization(l50 + liquid manure, 300 and 450kgha) on growth characteristics, dry matter yield and nutritive vaule of reed canarygrass(Pha1aris arundinacea L.), at the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, SNU, Suweon. Plant height of 3rd cutting(79.2cm) was significantly higher than that of 5th cutting(58.0cm). And dry mattter yield of cutting frequency was observed in 3rd cutting(16,902kgPna) and 5th cutting(l7,833kg/ha) As the nitrogen fertilization was increased, DM yield was significantly increased(p<0.05). When the nitrogen fertilization was applied at the level 150 + liquid manure, 300 and 450kg, dry matter yields were 16,5 12, 17,123 and 18,368kg/ha, respectively. The contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(1VDMD) were similar among cutting frequency. However, slightly higher NDF, ADF and IVDMD contents were found in 5th cutting, but there was not affected by nitrigen fertilization. Based on the results of this experiment, it were indicated that to 5th cutting and 450kg nitrogen fertilization could be obtained from the increase of dry matter yield and nutritive value (Key words : Cutting frequency, Nitrogen fertilization, Dry matter yield, Nutritive Value, Reed canarygrass)

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2015

Nine plant species were selected through vegetation survey at three military shooting ranges at northern Gyeonggi Province. Plants were germinated in normal soil and three seedlings were transplanted to a bottom sealed pot containing sandy loam soils contaminated with either RDX (291 mg/kg) or TNT (207 mg/kg). Planted, blank (without plant), and control (without explosive compound) pots were grown in triplicate at a green house for 134 days. During cultivation, transplanted plants exhibited chlorosis and necrosis in flower and leaf by explosive toxicity and stress. Only three plants, Wild soybean, Amur silver grass, Reed canary grass, survived in TNT treated pot, while seven plant species except for field penny cress and jimson weed, thrived in RDX treated pot. Appreciable amount of TNT (61.6~241.2 mg/g-D.W.) was detected only in plant roots. Up to 763.3 mg/g-D.W. along with 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, an intermediate of TNT, accumulated in the root of wild soybean. In addition, azoxy compounds, abiotic intermediates of TNT, were detected in TNT treated soils. RDX absorbed average 1,839.95 mg/kg in shoot and 204.83 mg/kg in root. Most of TNT in plant was accumulated in underground part whereas RDX was localized in aerial part. Material balance calculation showed that more than 95% of the initial TNT was removed in the planted pots whereas only 60% was removed in the blank pot. The amount of RDX removed from soil was in the order of Amur Silver Grass (51%) > Chickweed (43%) > Evening primrose (38%). Based on the results of pot cultures, Amur silver grass and Reed canary grass are selected as tolerant remedial plants for explosive toxicity.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.112-117
• /
• 1995

A field experiment was canied out to determine the effects of harvest time (grazing, soiling and hay stage) on the grass growth, dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive value, and weed development in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) pasture. The cultivars of reed canarygrass used in this study were Palaton, Venture, Castor, and Frontier (control). The grass was harvested 3 times at hay stage, 4 times at soiling stage, and 6 times at grazing stage in 1992. The average plant height was 31-41cm at grazing, 47-59cm at soiling, and 76-86cm at hay stage. Similar DM yield was observed in Palaton(12,567 kglha), Venture(l2,435kg), and Frontier(12,762kg), and the yields of 3 cultivars were significantly higher than that of Castor(ll,025kg) (P<0.05). Total yields affected by harvest time were lO,O6 1, 1 1,832, and 14,699 kg/ha at grazing, soiling, and hay stage, respectively(P<0.05). The content of crude protein (CP) was not significantly different among cultivars. CP contents by harvest time were 21.6% at grazing, 19.3% at soiling, and 18.8% at hay stage, regardless of cultivm(P<0.05). The contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar among cultivars and harvest time. However, slightly higher NDF and ADF contents were found in Frontier. The contents of Ca, P, K, and Mg were not affected by cultivars and harvest time. The appearance of weeds was high in Castor, and low in Frontier. The weeds at grazing stage(33.3-60.0%) were remarkably higher than those at soiling and hay astage (ca 10%). In conclusion, it is suggested that 3-4 times (soiling and hay stage) of harvest was recommended for grass production, nutritive value, and weed control in reed canarygrass pasture, regradless of cultivars of Palation, Venture and Frontier, except Castor.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.237-245
• /
• 2014

경기도 북부에 위치한 3개 사격장 식생조사를 통해 우점 식물인 물억새와 갈풀을 수경재배조건에서의 RDX 흡수실험 대상 식물로 선정하였다. 화약물질 비오염토에서 재배한 두 종 식물의 유식물을 사용하여 대조군, 무처리군 및 RDX 농도 10, 20, 30 및 40 mg/L인 1/4 Hoagland 용액에서 4배수로 수경재배하였다. 실험기간 15일 동안 배양액을 주기적으로 채취하여 pH와 RDX 농도를 관측하고, 실험이 종료된 다음에는 식물체 내 RDX를 추출하여 지상부 및 지하부 내 함량을 측정하였다. RDX에 노출된 기간 동안, 두 종의 식물에서 RDX에 의한 어떤 식물독성도 보이지 않았다. RDX에 대한 유사1차반응 제거상수는 물억새와 갈풀에서 각각 $0.0143{\sim}0.0484day^{-1}$ and $0.0971{\sim}0.1853day^{-1}$의 범위이었다. 식물체량에 평균화한 RDX 제거 상수는 RDX 초기농도에 따라 감소하였고, 물억새와 갈풀에서 각각 $0.27{\sim}1.01mL{\cdot}g^{-1}day^{-1}$ and $0.87{\sim}1.66mL{\cdot}g^{-1}day^{-1}$의 범위에 있는 것으로 산정되었다. 처리 15일 후, 물억새 처리구에서 반응조 용액 내 RDX 제거비율은 초기 RDX 농도가 증가함에 따라 49.0%에서 23.7%로 감소하였고 평균 7.3%의 RDX는 식물체내 잔류하였다. 갈풀을 식재한 반응조에서 초기 RDX량의 16.8% 및 5%가 각각 반응조 내 용액과 식물체에 잔류하였다. 물억새에서는 발견되지 않았던 미확인 극성물질이 갈풀 지상부 및 지하부에서 다량 검출되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.324-329
• /
• 2020

Reed (Phragmites spp.) is a rhizomatous plant of the Poaceae family and is known as high tolerant plant to heavy metal contaminants. This plant is widely recognized as a Cd root-accumulator, but improved heavy metal tolerance and uptake capacity are still required for phytoremediation efficiency. To enhance capacity of hyperaccumulator plants, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) as chemical mutagen has been introduced and applied to remediation approaches. This study aimed to select EMS-mutagenized reeds representing high Cd resistance and large biomass and to investigate their ability of Cd accumulation. After 6 months cultivation of M₂ mutant reeds under Cd stress conditions (up to 1,500 µM), we discovered seven mutant individuals that showed good performances like survivorship, vitality, and high accumulation of Cd, particularly in their roots. Compared to wild type (WT) reeds as control, on average, dry weight of mutant type (MT) reeds was larger by 2 and 1.5 times in roots and shoots, respectively. In addition, these mutant plants accumulated 6 times more Cd, mostly in the roots. In particular, MT8 reeds showed the greatest ability to accumulate Cd. These results suggest that EMS mutagenesis could generate hyperaccumulator plants with enhanced Cd tolerance and biomass, thereby contributing to improvement of phytoremediation efficiency in Cd-contaminated soil or wastewater. Further studies should focus on identifying Cd tolerance mechanisms of such EMS-mutagenized plants, developing techniques for its biomass production, and investigating the practical potential of the EMS mutants for phytoremediation.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.302-307
• /
• 2010

Nitrogen is an element need to grow plants growth. Plants take up nitrogen in the form of nitrate or ammonium. Most of plants absorb nitrogen source as fertilizers. But from 50 to 70% of fertilizers applied were washed away. This study was conducted to isolate free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria from reed and to examine its beneficial traits for developing sustainable biofertilizers. Enriched consortium obtained from a reed in Ansan was developed for the fixing of nitrogen. Nitrogen fixing bacteria isolated from an enriched culture in Congo Red Medium was analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing. AKC-10 was isolated and shown to have excellent nitrogen fixing ability. The optimum conditions of nitrogen fixing ability were $25^{\circ}C$ ($237.50{\pm}39.65\;nmole{\cdot}mg-protein^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and pH 7 ($168.335{\pm}12.84$ nmole/hr mg-protein). It was identified as Microbacterium hominis [(AKC-10 (similarity : 99%)]. This strain was had to IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) productivity and ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) deaminase activity. Therefore, Microbacterium hominis AKC-10 stimulated plant development in the soil, enhancing the efficiency of remediation.