• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2018

Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the rates of complications, morbidity, and safety with the transparotid approach. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted and consisted of 53 surgically treated patients in the past five years for low condylar neck and subcondylar fractures. Only patients with malocclusion and who underwent open reduction with internal fixation with the retromandibular transparotid approach were included. The examined parameters were postoperative suboptimal occlusion, deflection, saliva fistula, and facial nerve weakness. Results: Fifty-three patients had an open reduction with internal fixation on 55 sides (41 males, 77.4%; mean age, 42 years [range, 18-72 years]). Four patients (7.5%) experienced transient facial nerve weakness of the marginal mandibular branch, but none was permanent. Four patients had a salivary fistula, and 5 patients showed postoperative malocclusion, where one needed repeat surgery after one year. One patient showed long-term deflection. No other complications were observed. Conclusion: The retromandibular transparotid approach is a safe procedure for open reduction and internal fixation of low condylar neck and subcondylar fractures, and it has minimal complications.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2000

The goal of this study was to fine the way of reduction on food waste in the university cafeteria. A survey was conducted on the 500 faculty members using Yeungnam University cafeteria , and if illustrate the faculty's use and perception for the reduction of food waste. Its results can be summarized as follows ; 32.0 % of the total users use the university cafeteria everyday, also 56.6% of the users preferred Korean style dish. Female users left more food than the male users resulting in more food wastes. The male users resulting in more food waste and the most leaving food was Kimchi than the other types of foods. The most favorite stew and side dish turned out to be Yukgaejang and Bulgogi respectively, also Kimchibokkumbab was the preffered dish. But they disliked Sunjiguk , Ginger, Jellyfish and Mackerel pike. The preception of male users on the reduction of food waste was lower than that of female users. The best way of food waste treatment recognized by the users were utilizing the waste food as fodder for animals or fertilizer.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.339-354
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• 2006

Hangzhou Bay Bridge spans the Hangzhou Bay and is located at Zhejiang province in the southeast seacoast of China. The total length of the bridge is 36 km. The bridge is composed of bridge approaches made up of multi-span prestressed concrete box girders and two cable-stayed bridges over the north and south navigable spans respectively. The seismic response analysis of the bridge model shows that if the navigable spans are designed as the routine earthquake-resistance system, the displacements and internal forces in pylons, piers and deckes are too large to satisfy the anti-seismic requirement of the structure. Therefore, the seismic reduction design was carried out by using viscous dampers to dissipate the kinetic energy of the structure both longitudinally and transversely. Using the vibration reduction system and aiming at the reasonable optimal goal, the purpose to reduce the seismic responses in south and north navigable spans has been achieved.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2010

The main goal of this study is to examine the use of a hybrid -fuel lean reburning system with air staging for $NO_X$ reduction. The experimental variables include the reburn fuel fraction, sizes of reburn- fuel-injection nozzles, oxygen enrichment ratio, and location of reburn- fuel- injection. The effect of the flow field induced by air- staging combustion on $NO_X$ reduction is considered, and then, the $NO_X$ reduction rate is compared with only fuel lean reburning system. On the basis of the effectiveness of each De-$NO_X$ process, the advantage of using the hybrid reburning system with air staging is determined and discussed.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1433-1439
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• 2009

Best value is the ultimate goal of the owner and can thus have diverse meanings according to the project characteristic, owner's purpose, user groups' payment capability, etc.. Recently, resettlement problems of the marginalized members in the urban regeneration area have been issued in Korea because they have no capability to purchase (or lease) redeveloped housing (or apartment). It means that a minimized production cost for reducing supply price of housing is a key factor in establishing the best value of the marginalized members. The lowest-price bidding system serves the purpose of ensuring a minimized production cost, but due to the low-cost investments, it creates various problems, such as sloppy construction, lowered quality, an increased LCC, and worsening profitability for builders. Thus, to help them resettle, it is necessary to supply affordable housing geared towards a certain appropriate quality and minimum construction costs. Towards this end, this study aimed to propose a cost reduction bidding system based on a technical proposal. The proposed technical-proposal-based cost reduction bidding system consists of the following components: work-unit-based, project-unit-based, and construction-period-reducing technical proposals. These components are evaluated to select the best bidder for a given project. The technical proposal based cost reduction bidding system proposed herein is expected to provide facilities with appropriate supply prices and appropriate quality levels, to bolster the technological competitiveness of builders.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2015

There are a number of policies that have been established to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and reduce energy consumption. These polices, however, only reflect the building energy consumption saving rate without considering building energy consumption characteristic. If building that already use less energy apply the same saving rate to reduce energy consumption, it is less effective. Therefore, this study classified building energy consumption characteristics and investigated approaches to adopt individual reduction rates according to energy consumption. Analysis results showed that there are differences in energy consumption depending on building use, and therefore, we classified buildings by use. We also proposed a formula to set a reduction goal for rate of energy consumption according to energy consumption. We verified our approach in a top-end neighborhood facility in Seoul. The energy consumption savings goal of this study can be applied individually, but determining whether a building can reduce energy consumption towards a saving goal requires a closer look at each building.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.77-83
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• 2017

For efficient predictive analysis, self-healing research is needed that enables the system to recover autonomously by self-cognition and diagnosing system problems. However, software development does not provide formal contextual information analysis and appropriate presentation structure according to external situation. In this paper, we propose a prediction analysis method based on the change contents by applying the extraction rule to the functions that can act, data, and transaction based on the new Goal-scenario. We also evaluated how well the predictive analysis met through the performance indicators for achieving the requirements goal. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method has a maximum 32.8% higher matching result through performance measurement, resulting in a 28.9% error rate and a 45.8% reduction in the change code. This shows that it can be processed into a serviceable form through rules, and it shows that performance can be expanded through predictive analysis of changes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.217-229
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• 2020

Globally, information protection of organization has become an essential management factor, and organizations continue to invest high-level resources for information security. Security threats from insiders are not decreasing. The purpose of this study is to present the antecedence factors to mitigate the role conflict that is the cause of the security avoid behavior. For the study, a survey was conducted for employees of organizations with information security policies, and structural equation modeling was conducted using a total of 383 samples for hypothesis verification. As a result of the analysis, role conflict increased avoid behavior, and goal difficulty, goal specificity, justice, and trust mitigated role conflict. In particular, justice influenced the reduction of role conflict and avoid behavior through trust. The implications were to present the causes and mitigation factors for avoid behavior of employee, and it is judged that it will help the organization to establish a security strategy.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.209-213
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• 2011

Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth for achieving the country's GHG emission reduction goal of 30% was in effect. The remarkable content of the Act is the managements of targets for GHG reduction. So, the entities that have reduced voluntarily have much interest in the recognition of 'early action'. The recognition of early action is necessary to induce the fair competence of business entities and promote the voluntary GHG reduction. The definite and concrete guidance should be prepared. The important principles for this are the environmental integrity and the additionality. Based on this, the early action activities must be restricted to the voluntary, real, permanent, quantifiable, verifiable reduction. In the early action recognition, its credit should be allocated additionally set aside from the GHG target allocation in the national total allowance. Through this, the reward for the early reduction should be realized on market mechanism. The effective period to award the early action should be addressed. This can be the period after the enactment of framework on GHG reduction in effect and before the beginning year of GHG target control. It should be set with flexibility through the collection and consultation of the sector's opinions. The appropriate allowance reserve of early action was estimated as approximately 1~1.5% by using the data from the 'Pilot GHG Emission Trading Program' operated by Ministry of Environment. Also, the concrete and detail guidance to construct the necessary infra which is used to register the related information of early action activities should be prepared.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.35-46
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• 2016

Objectives: The purposes of this study are to refer existing and past domestic and foreign policies and to establish a comprehensive plan to reduce sugar consumption and utilize it as fundamental data to establish and implement relevant policies. Methods: Korean government analyzed domestic and foreign policies and average sugar intake to develop draft of sugar intake reduction plan. Based on the plan, objectives, sections and agendas of the plan were set after taking into account of their feasibility. Results: The policy has three directions: to help sugar intake reduction in all population groups, to create an environment which helps people to make informed decision on lower sugar choices and to lay scientific and statistical foundation for sugar intake reduction plan. The goal is to restrict average sugar intake from processed food to less than 10% of total energy intake per day. Three core strategies are to help reduce intakes of sugar in all population groups, to create an environment which helps people to make informed decision on lower sugar choices and to lay a foundation for sugar intake reduction plan. Each strategies has 2~4 projects. Conclusions: This study is expected to serve as a catalyst for carrying out the first phase of sugar intake reduction plan to help reduce sugar consumption.