• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2013

Greenhouse gas emissions and excessive energy consumption have been an on-going world issue nowadays. We can find that the majority portion is caused by high-rise office buildings. In order to resolve these problems, it is extremely important to implement various active or passive strategies in a building design. To successfully meet these design goals and energy reduction approaches, a project building must utilize an efficient design process from the early start. One of the most effective project delivery process called Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) will be implemented in a case study project building (KEPCO) during design phase and show how important it is to plan a project's green environmental performance goal together through an early collaboration from all key project participants, which helps to construct an successful green building design without any critical construction pitfalls.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 2005

A study is for the approach that we could reduce the logistics costs through uprising the efficiency, complying to the demand in time, stock management based on the general production plan in the point of SCM. We will take following steps to get the goal. First, we will overview the physical distribution expenses annually. Second, will find the main cause of optimal load loss by improper container and lack of delivery flexibility to the demand. Third, the goal will be inferred through the fast information share based on organic relationship, the establishment of general production plan, the improvement of stock management plan. By way of this process, it can be accomplished expense reduction as well as flexible establishment of the reduction of worker's load.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 2012

The emission quota of 26.9% was allocated to the architectural sector according to the greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction goal of the government. It has become inevitable to change the architectural structures in a low-energy consumption and sustainable manner for new and existing house. The introduction of various legal systems and deregulation have been attempted to promote the low carbon emission and sustainable energy conversion. Although overall emission reduction goal has been set for 6.7 million units of existing houses, there has been a lack of standards and directions for the emission reduction measures. This study was intended to present the most economic and effective green technology improvement measures based on the investigation into the current conditions through direct visit to the selected architectural structures and the repeated simulation of relevant technical elements.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.300-308
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• 2011

Purpose: The goal of reduction mammaplasty is breast with natural cone shape, minimizing scars, well-placed and sensate nipple-areolar area and maintaining breast physiology. In order to satisfy that goal, variable reduction mammaplasty methods are performed, however, two methods such as vertical reduction method and inverted T-scar method are currently most used. We compared indications and advantages of the two methods and set up useful guidlines. Methods: For 15 years from 1995 to 2010, we experienced 84 patients (162 breasts). We performed vertical reduction method as Lejour's superior pedicle technique (45 patients) and inverted T-scar method as Goldwyn's inferior dermal flap technique (39 patients). We evaluated the result of the operation comparing patient's age, amount of resected tissue, complications and post-operative scars of the two methods. Results: The mean age was 36 years and the vertical reduction group was 3 years younger than inverted T-scar group. The mean breast tissue resection amount per one breast, inverted T-scar group (712 gm) was lagger than vertical reduction group (395 gm). Conclusion: There is no ideal method for reduction mammaplasty until now. However, we suggest that guide line, the vertical reduction method is effective for minimal and moderate macromastia in young and middle aged women and inverted T-scar method is appropriate for severe macromastia with ptosis in elderly women. Recently, all procedures tried shorter and smaller scar on the vertical line as small I, J or L shape scar, and inframammary fold as short inverted T-scar.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2292-2296
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• 2010

2020 Korea GHG reduction goal is decreasing 4% compared with that of 2005. Effective counterplan of GHG redection goal needs to set for inductrial allocation and various reduction GHG technologies and policies for transportation have been developed. Modal shifr is one of these main policy and it focused on shifting as much freight as economically meaningful under current market conditions. It improves energy efficiency, consequently reduces GHG effect. This study is proposed as a preliminary studay of analyzing Modal shift effect. modal shift of car travelers to train is concerned in Seoul-Busan section, This study is based on a scenario which can maximize passenger occupancy rate to get the GHG reduction effect and the effect of modal shift of car to train is identified. According to this result, we can get GHG reduction effect through dealing with maximizing passenger occupancy rate on train. Therefore, in order to enhance this modal shift effect, train using rate need to increased and also improvement of policies and cost system are need to be considered to promote increasing use of train.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2017

There are two main policies to meet the national goal of reducing Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions in Korea towards Paris Agreement. From 2012 to 2014, Target Management System (TMS) was operated and the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) has been established since 2015. To compare the impact of TMS and ETS on reducing GHGs, we collected annual GHGs emission reports submitted by individual business entities, and normalized them using a z-variant normalized function. In order to evaluate the impact of those policies, we calculated the amount of GHGs emissions of 73 business entities from 15 business sectors. Those entities emitted $508million\;CO_2eq$, which is 74% of total national GHGs emissions in 2014. The main results of analysis indicate that accumulated GHGs emissions during the period 2012 to 2014 affected by TMS was higher than the national goal of GHGs emission reduction, and only the GHGs emissions in 2014 were in the range of allowed GHGs emissions, set by the Government. In 2015, when ETS initiated, total GHGs emission trading was $4.84million\;tCO_2eq$, which is only 0.9% of total allowance in 2015. However, more than 50% of business entities, who got the allowance of GHGs emission given by the Government, met the goal of GHGs emissions. Particularly, 27 of 73 business entities reduced GHGs more under the ETS rather than the TMS. Even though we analyzed only 4 years' data to demonstrate the impact of TMS and ETS, it is expected to commit the national goal of GHGs reduction target by TMS and ETS.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Real-time data reduction pipeline for the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) was developed by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). The main goal of the data reduction pipeline is to find variable objects and to record their light variation from the large amount of observation data of about 200 GB per night per site. To achieve the goal we adopt three strategic implementations: precision pointing of telescope using the cross correlation correction for target fields, realtime data transferring using kernel-level file handling and high speed network, and segment data processing architecture using the Sun-Grid engine. We tested performance of the pipeline using simulated data which represent the similar circumstance to CTIO (Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory), and we have found that it takes about eight hours for whole processing of one-night data. Therefore we conclude that the pipeline works without problem in real-time if the network speed is high enough, e.g., as high as in CTIO.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.7
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• pp.1039-1046
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• 2017

Campus microgrid is designed and built by considering not only power generation but also power consumption management as connected microgrid type because the main goal of the campus microgrid is to save power consumption costs. There are many functions to achieve the goal and they are mainly to use generation-based functions such as islanding operation for peak management and for emergency events. In power distribution operation, Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) is applied in order to reduce power consumption. The CVR is defined as a function for load consumption reduction by voltage reduction in order to reduce peak demands and energy consumption. However, application of CVR to microgrid is difficult because the microgrid cannot control a tap of transformer in a substation and the microgrid normally is not designed with phase modifying equipment like a step-voltage-regulator which can control voltage in power distribution system operation. In addition, an impact of the CVR is depended on load characteristics such as a normal load, a rated power, and synchronous motors. Therefore, this paper proposes an application of CVR using linear voltage control based AVR in campus microgrid with power consumption reduction considering characteristics of load and component in the microgrid. The proposed system can be applied to each buildings by a configuration of power distribution cables; and the application results and CVR factor are presented in this paper.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2961-2964
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• 2011

Greenhouse gas and energy reduction goal management system is announced to reduce national CO2 emission in 2011. The target business sector of the system has to follow the procedure of the system and get the assessment. The percentage of the national CO2 reduction goad is 30 % compared to the amounts of BAU. In railway business sector, 6 bodies are included in this system so that railway industry cannot stay and sustain its better position any more than other transportation industry. Most of the industry except Railway industry is struggling to develop its product more environmentally friendly and get the 3rd party certification like Eco-labelling and Carbon footprint. To get environmental certification, LCA method has to be applied because life cycle approach is needed to respond current environmental requirement. The purpose of this project is to facilitate railway vehicle manufacturer obtaining the environmental certification termed Korea EPD. By doing so, the environmental performance evaluation tool would be developed and modelled within the LCA framework and therefore applied especially for rail vehicle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.265-270
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• 1998

As the goal of enterprises is to pursuit benefits, the goal of safety management is not only preventing accidents but also promoting benefits and productivity. However, enterprises have failed to realize the necessity of safety management, partly because they didn't grasp any appropriate evidences advocating effectiveness of safety management. This study aimed to survey construction-site engineers' consciousness on safety management contributing to cost reduction, construction period and quality enhancement. The result of this study showed that constriction-site engineers recognized the ratio of direct cost to Indirect cost as 1:2. The proportion of repliers who thought that safety management is contributable to cost reduction was 35％, to construction period was 20％, and to quality enhancement was 48％. The construction sites with excellent safety accomplisments also had good work and selling amounts.