• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.284-291
• /
• 1999

Recently the ductile cast iron is being used successfully to the parts for processing machinery vessels and gear etc. This study is mainly concerned with the heat treatment for the specimens of crank shaft which are made of ductile cast iron. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Comparing the mechanical properties of the specimens for the normalized ductile cast irons the specimen heat treated at $550^{\circ}C$ was the best for crank shaft of air-compressor. After austenizing at $910^{\circ}C$ it was observed that the higher the reheating temperature is the less tensile strength and the hardness became which was supposedly attributed to the fact that the amount of pearlite. Austenite matrix was reduced by reheating after normalizing and that as the reheating tem-perature went up the pearlite generated was less and the distance between the pearlites were widened at last made pearlite globular. In the comparsison of crank shaft for air compressor made of ductile cast iron with that made by forged steel the crank shaft made of ductile cast iron was superior in economical terms. And ductile cast iron could be practically enough if only the elonga-tion which was inferior mechanical property to forged steel could be reinforced by increasing the diameter of crank pin when designing the crank shaft.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.257-264
• /
• 2012

고대의 거울은 청동으로 만들어지는 것이 일반적이며, 철제거울의 경우 국내에서 출토된 예를 찾아보기는 매우 드물다. 본 연구에서는 불명철기의 보존처리과정에서 원형을 찾아 그 대상이 철제거울임을 밝혀냈으며, 그 과정에서 부식되지 않은 시편을 채취하여 광학현미경과 미세경도시험기, SEM-EDS를 이용하여 미세조직을 분석하고 이를 통해 제작기법을 연구하였다. 그 결과 철제거울의 조직은 비금속개재물이 거의 없고 시편 일부에서 망상 시멘타이트 조직이 관찰되는 것으로 미루어 주철을 부어 만든 거울을 고체상태에서 탈탄시켜 탄소량을 낮춘 고체탈탄강으로 판단된다. 주조품의 백주철 조직은 높은 탄소 함량으로 우수한 경도를 가져 절삭이나 연마가 어렵다. 때문에 주조된 철제거울의 거친 경면을 연마할 수 있도록 CO 또는 $CO_2$를 차단하여 $850^{\circ}C$이하의 온도에서 탈탄시켜 주조품의 경도를 낮춘 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 탄소 함량에 따른 조직의 변화가 관찰된 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권8호
• /
• pp.1368-1376
• /
• 2008

In our previous study, the expression of active H-ferritins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to reduce cell growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon exposure to oxidative stress; such expression enhanced that of high-affinity iron transport genes (FET3 and FTR1). The results suggested that the recombinant cells expressing H-ferritins induced cytosolic iron depletion. The present study analyzes metabolic changes under these circumstances via proteomic methods. The YGH2 yeast strain expressing A-ferritin, the YGH2-KG (E62K and H65G) mutant strain, and the YGT control strain were used. Comparative proteomic analysis showed that the synthesis of 34 proteins was at least stimulated in YGH2, whereas the other 37 proteins were repressed. Among these, the 31 major protein spots were analyzed via nano-LC/MS/MS. The increased proteins included major heat-shock proteins and proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). On the other hand, the proteins involved with folate metabolism, purine and methionine biosynthesis, and translation were reduced. In addition, we analyzed the insoluble protein fractions and identified the fragments of Idh1p and Pgk1p, as well as several ribosomal assembly-related proteins. This suggests that intracellular iron depletion induces imperfect translation of proteins. Although the proteins identified above result from changes in iron metabolism (i.e., iron deficiency), definitive evidence for iron-related proteins remains insufficient. Nevertheless, this study is the first to present a molecular model for iron deficiency, and the results may provide valuable information on the regulatory network of iron metabolism.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
• /
• pp.493-500
• /
• 2003

The effect of reductive treatment with elemental iron on the extent of mineralization by Fenton oxidation was studied for the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine (RDX) using a completely-stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The results support the hypothesis that TNT and RDX are reduced with elemental iron to products that are oxidized more rapidly and completely by Fenton's reagent. Iron pretreatment enhanced the extent of TOC removal by approximately $20\%\;and\;60\%$ for TNT and RDX, respectively. Complete TOC removal was achieved for TNT and RDX solutions with iron pretreatment under optimal conditions. On the other hand, without iron pretreatment, complete mineralization of TNT and RDX solutions were not achieved even with much higher $H_2O_2$ and $Fe^{2+}$ concentrations. The bench-scale iron treatment-Fenton oxidation integrated system showed more than $95\%$ TOC removal for TNT and RDX solutions under optimal conditions. The proposed zero-valent iron-Fenton process was evaluated with pink water from the Iowa Army ammunition plant. Results from batch and column experiments show that TNT, RDX, and octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) were completely removed from the pink water and that triaminotoluene (TAT) and ${NH_4}^+$ were recovered as products in reduction with zero-valent iron. By using an integrated system, $83.3\pm4.2\%$ of TOC was removed in a CSTR with 10 mM of $Fe^{2+}$ and 50 mM of $H_2O_2$. These results suggest that the reduction products of TNT and RDX are more rapidly and completely mineralized by Fenton oxidation and that a sequential iron treatment-Fenton oxidation process may be a viable technology for pink water treatment.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.208-213
• /
• 2000

백자, 청자 및 일반 자기 제조용 점토인 3종류의 점토(백토, 청토, 황토)를 철환원 미생물을 이용한 숙성과정을 통해 점토의 개질을 수행하였다. 철환원 미생물을 이용한 숙성기간 동안 점토 종류에 따른 철환원 및 용출특성과 숙성된 점토들의 물성 변화를 조사하였다. 숙성기간동안 점토의 철용출량은 점토의 종류에 관계없이 탄소원인 sucrose의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였지만, 총 철용출량과 용출속도는 점토의 종류에 의존하였다. 숙성점토는 원료물질과 비교하여 sucrose 의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 수축을 변화없이 강도와 색도가 향상되었다. 점토의 색도는 점토의 종류에 많은 영향을 받았으며, 점토의 숙성과정은 색도 중 적색도가 가장 많이 감소하는 효과를 제공하였다. 숙성점토의 물리적 특성과 탈철양을 고려할 때, 점토 중에 함유된 철환원을 전자공여체로 제공되는 sucrose의 최적 첨가량은 4wt% 임을 확인하였다.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.305-316
• /
• 1992

Steel and iron castings made with expandable polystylene (referred to hereafter as EPS) patterns are often affected by distinctive defects associated with incomplete decomposition of the EPS as the molds are filled with metal. The effects of practical factors on carbon pick-up were investigated on the specimens, by taking successive layers of swarf and analysis, whereas the lustrous carbon is determined by using combustion analysis. The quality of the castings, with particular reference to carbon pick-up in low carbon steel and lustrous carbon on gray iron, is further influenced to a significant extent by such practical factors as reduced pressure, the pouring temperature, the density of EPS pattern, the additive in coating and in pattern and the casting thickness. The rate at which carbon pick-up and lustrous carbon deposites are formed can be reduced by reducing the density of the pattern and also reducing pressure, especially by adding $Na_2CO_3$ in coating and in pattern to promote $CO_2$ evolution. The upper parts of castings obtained using EPS patterns are slightly higher in carbon pick-up and in lustrous carbon than other parts.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.614-622
• /
• 1996

엣칭용 염화제2철 용액중의 효과적인 니켈제거에 관해 연구하였다. 전해철괴 또는 폐새도우마스크 철편을 사용하여 염화제2철을 염화제1철로 환원시킨후 용액중의 $Ni^{2+}$를 전해철 분말로 환원 석출시켰다. 최적의 실험조건하에서 초기 니켈의 농도가 1.0%일 때 니켈제거율은 99%이었고 초기 니켈의 농도가 0.1%일 때 니켈제거율은 98%이었다. 염화제2철의 환원반응 중에 생성된 수산화철의 종류 및 입자크기를 XRD와 SEM으로 분석하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2016

Fabrication of iron oxide/carbon nanotube composite structures for detection of ammonia gas at room temperature is reported. The iron oxide/carbon nanotube composite structures are fabricated by in situ co-arc-discharge method using a graphite source with varying numbers of iron wires inserted. The composite structures reveal higher response signals at room temperature than at high temperatures. As the number of iron wires inserted increased, the volume of carbon nanotubes and iron nanoparticles produced increased. The oxidation condition of the composite structures varied the carbon nanotube/iron oxide ratio in the structure and, consequently, the resistance of the structures and, finally, the ammonia gas sensing performance. The highest sensor performance was realized with $500^{\circ}C/2h$ oxidation heat-treatment condition, in which most of the carbon nanotubes were removed from the composite and iron oxide played the main role of ammonia sensing. The response signal level was 62% at room temperature. We also found that UV irradiation enhances the sensing response with reduced recovery time.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2020

This paper presents comparative research on characteristics of air-cored and iron-cored high-temperature superconductor (HTS) field winding synchronous motors. The 100 kW air-cored model is designed analytically by Spatial Harmonic Method, and based on this model, the iron-cored model having the same output power is designed for comparison. Due to the substantial difference of permeability property between air and iron-core, there is a difference of magnetic field magnitude and angle with respect to the HTS tape c-axis, resulting in a different critical current of the field winding considering the anisotropic property of HTS tape. For a detailed comparison between two models, the following key motor characteristics are calculated through the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation: 1) critical current; 2) HTS wire length; and 3) torque characteristics. From the simulation results, it can be confirmed that the critical current value of the iron-cored model increases by 33 %. Also, in the case of the superconducting wire consumption, those of the iron-cored and air-cored models are 95.3 m and 815.6 m, respectively. So the wire usage can be reduced to about 88 % by using iron core. However, in terms of torque characteristics, the torque ripple of the iron-cored model is about twice as large as that of the air-cored model, which may be a disadvantage on vibration and acoustic noise.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2008

혼합균에서 분리 배양한 황환원균에 의해 발생되는 황화수소가 염소계유기오염물질인 트리클로로에틸렌의 환원에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 또한 염소계유기오염물질에 대한 환원력이 있다고 알려진 2가철은 황화수소가 존재할 경우 트리클로로에틸렌의 환원과 어떠한 관계에 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 황환원균에 독성을 나타내지 않는 수준의 트리클로로에틸렌의 농도에서 황화수소 발생 및 트리클로로에틸렌의 분해 실험을 수행한 결과 황산염의 환원으로 발생한 황화수소의 농도는 4.38 mM, 트리클로로에틸렌의 농도는 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 관찰되었으며 이를 통하여 황환원균에 의해 발생되는 황화수소의 농도가 트리클로로에틸렌을 환원시키기에는 부족하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 황화수소의 농도가 위 실험에서 발생된 농도보다 100배 정도 높을 경우(438 mM)에는 트리클로로에틸렌에 대한 환원력이 있음을 확인하였다. 대표적인 산화철인 $Fe_2O_3$(3가철)를 첨가하였을 경우, 황환원균의 생장에 따라 황화수소, 2가철 및 트리클로로에틸렌의 농도변화를 관찰하였으며 이를 통하여 황환원균에 의해서 발생된 황화수소가 산화되면서 3가의 산화철을 2가철로 환원시키고 황화수소에 의하여 환원된 2가철이 트리클로로에틸렌을 분해하여 농도를 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 위의 실험결과를 바탕으로 낮은 농도의 황화수소는 트리클로로에틸렌의 환원에 영향을 미치지 못하며 다만, 황화수소에 의해 환원된 2가철이 트리클로로에틸렌을 분해시키는 주요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 실제 해수중에서 황환원균과 $Fe_2O_3$가 공존할 경우의 트리클로로에틸렌의 제거 효과를 살펴보기 위한 실험을 한 결과 황환원균이 황화수소를 생성하여 트리클로로에틸렌의 제거에 영향을 줄 수 있는 반응들은 황환원균 생장에 필수적인 탄소원의 농도가 확보될 때 가능하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.