• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.387-398
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• 2024

Euphorbia humifusa Willd (Euphorbiaceae) is a functional raw material with various pharmacological activities. This study aimed to validate the inhibitory effect of Euphorbia humifusa extract (EHE) on adipocyte differentiation in vitro and in a high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced mouse model to evaluate the E.a humifusa as a novel anti-obesity and lipid metabolism enhancer agent. EHE effects on obesity and lipid metabolism were assessed in HFD-induced obese mice after 4-week treatments. Results were compared among four treatment groups (n = 7/group): low fat diet (LFD), high fat diet (HFD), and HFD-induced obese mice treated with either 100 or 200 mg/kg/day EHE (EHE100 and EHE200, respectively). EHE (50 to 200 ㎍/ml) and quercetin (50 ㎍/ml) significantly reduced 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation (p < 0.001), in a concentration-dependent manner. EHE affected lipid metabolism, as evidenced by changes in serum lipid components. The HFD-EHE100 and HFD-EHE200 groups exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) reduced triglycerides (TG, 97.50 ± 6.56 and 82.50 ± 13.20 mg/dL, respectively) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c: 40.25 ± 4.99 and 41.25 ± 6.36 mg/dL, respectively) compared to the HFD group (TG: 129.25 ± 19.81 mg/dL; LDL-c: 51.75 ± 11.59 mg/dL). Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Oil red O staining showed that EHE markedly reduced lipid accumulation and inhibited lipogenesis in the liver. Interestingly, EHE significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the expression of adipogenic transcription factors in liver tissue. Our results indicated that EHE has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for addressing obesity and lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.284-291
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds powder on antioxidative enzyme activities and oxidative damage in groups of rrats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diets group (HFC). The Rrats were divided into the following five experimental groups which are : composed of a normal diet group, a high fat high cholesterol diet group, and a high fat high cholesterol diet group supplemented with different amounts contents (1%, 2% and 4%) of red pepper seeds powder water extracts supplemented groups (HFCW1, HFCW2 and HFCW4, respectively). Body weight gains and food intake were lower ofin the red pepper seed water extracts groups were lower than those inof the HFC group. Hepartic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activitiyactivity was increased in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepatic superoxide radicals within the mitochondria and microsomes of cells were significantly reduced in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol was significantly reduced in the HFCW3 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepatic carbonyl values in the microsomes and mitochondria were significantly reduced in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepartic thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 group compared to the HFC group. These results suggest that water extracts of red pepper seeds powder may reduce oxidative damage by activation of antioxidative defense systems in rats fed high fat-high cholesterol diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.588-597
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• 2007

Low-fat ground pork patties, LFGPP (<10% total fat) formulated with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 percent sodium alginate (SA) were processed and compositional, processing and sensory characteristics were compared with control patties containing 20% fat. The moisture content of raw and cooked LFGPP were significantly (p<0.05) higher than control patties because of greater amount of added water in the formulation. The cooking yield, moisture and fat retention also increased linearly in different treatments of LFGPP. The dimensional parameters such as gain in height, decrease in diameter and shrinkage were significantly (p<0.05) lower in LFGPP in comparison to control. Amongst the sensory attributes, flavour showed a declining trend with the increase in concentration of SA in LFGPP. However, low-fat patties with 0.1% SA rated similar to high-fat control. The lipid profile revealed 49.78 and 43.22% decrease in total lipids and cholesterol content respectively, compared to control. The calorie content was reduced significantly (p<0.05) in LFGPP. The texture profile of LFGPP with 0.1% SA was similar to that of high-fat control. The LFGPP remained stable without any appreciable loss of physico-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic quality during refrigerated storage ($4{{\pm}}1^{\circ}C$) for 21 and 35 days in aerobic and vacuum packaging respectively.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to assess the effect onf abdominal obesity treatment on changes in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat. Methods : The study was conducted on 61 abdominally obese patients (13 men and 48 women). Measures of body weight, waist circumference, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat area by CT scan, and V/S ratio (Viscero-subcutaneous fat ratio) were acquired before and after Kirindiet therapy. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to est the effects of teatment. Results : Following a mean of 68 days of treatment, waist circumference (-15%), abdominal total fat (-40%), subcutaneous fat (-37.9%), visceral fat (-47.8%) and V/S ratio (-11.1%) were significantly reduced (p<0.05). The change in V/S ratio in female patients was not statistically significant (p=0.491) whereas the change in the V/S ratio in male patients was significant indicating a greater loss of visceral fat (p=0.017). Please check that my changes reflect what the study found Conclusions : The reduction in visceral fat was greater than for subcutaneous fat in male patients but not for female patients.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.649-659
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• 2022

A long-term energy nutritional imbalance fundamentally causes the development of obesity and associated fat accumulation. Lysosomes, as nutrient-sensing and lipophagy centers, critically control cellular lipid catabolism in response to nutrient deprivation. However, whether lysosome activity is directly involved in nutrient-induced fat accumulation remains unclear. In this study, worm fat accumulation was induced by 1 mM glucose or 0.02 mM palmitic acid supplementation. Along with the elevation of fat accumulation, lysosomal number and acidification were also increased, suggesting that lysosome activity might be correlated with nutrient-induced fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, treatments with the lysosomal inhibitors chloroquine and leupeptin significantly reduced basal and nutrient-induced fat accumulation in C. elegans. The knockdown of hlh-30, which is a critical gene in lysosomal biogenesis, also resulted in worm fat loss. Finally, the mutation of aak-2, daf-15, and rsks-1 showed that mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1) signaling mediated the effects of lysosomes on basal and nutrient-induced fat accumulation in C. elegans. Overall, this study reveals the previously undescribed role of lysosomes in overnutrition sensing, suggesting a new strategy for controlling body fat accumulation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.605-610
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• 2007

This experimental study was performed to evaluate the effects of ehtanol extract of Purple Solanum tuberosum L(EPSTL) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in rats induced by high fat diet. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal group, control group, EPSTL (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) treated group. EPSTL was orally administered to the obese rats by high fat diet for 6 weeks. The effect of EPSTL on obesity and hyperlipidemia were examined in vitro and in vivo as follows : EPSTL effectively inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a concentration dependent manner. EPSTL significantly lowered body weight of rats fe high fat diet for 6 weeks from 4 weeks treatment compared with untreated control. EPSTL significantly reduced the weight of retroperitoneal fat only at 100 mg/kg and epididymal fat pad in rats fed high fat diet for 4 weeks at 100 and 200 mg/kg. EPSTL significantly reduced the level of triglyceride at 200 mg/kg, while EPSTL tended to lower the levels of total lipid and phospholipid in rats fed high fat diet for 4 weeks with no significance. EPSTL significantly attenuated the level of total cholesterol, LDL and atherosclerosis index (Al) as well as increased the level of HDL at 200 mg/kg. EPSTL significantly reduced the levels of total lipid and triglyceride of hepatic tissues in rats fed high fat diet for 4 weeks at 200 mg/kg. EPSTL significantly lowered the level of insulin, while it did not affect leptin compared with untreated control. Taken together, these results suggest that EPSTL can be used for the treatment or prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.461-465
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• 2000

The effects of 3% Cortex Eucommiae extracts on serum lipid contents were evaluated in rats. Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were divided into seven groups and fed different fat diets for four weeks. Each group was administered with following group: Control, basal fat diet, saturated fat diet and unsaturated fat diet respectively was fed 1% cholesterol, Cortex Eucommiae extracts 3%. The contents of serum lipid contents triglyceride in the basal fat diet group were higher than those of control group. The contents of total-cholesterol in serum of the saturated fat diet group was significantly higher than other group. The contents of HDL-cholesterol in serum of the 3% Cortex Eucommiae extract group were higher than those other fat diet group. The contents of LDL-cholesterol in serum of the 3% Cortex Eucommiae ex1ract group was lower than other fat diet groups. These results suggest that 3% Cortex Eucommiae extract group may reduced elevated levels of serum lipid contents in rats different fed fat diet.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effects of silybin on body weight and glucose tolerance in mice fed high fat diet mice. We found that body weight, plasma TG contents, fat size, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in silybin (500 mg/kg) supplemented groups compared to high fat diet group. Whereas, total food intake was not changed between high fat diet group and high fat diet plus silybin group. Futhermore, supplement of high fat elevated the glucose intolerance and was improved in silybin supplement group. Finally, we examined the effect of silybin on circulating adipocytokine level to explore the possible mechanism by which silybin improves high fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes. The silybin supplement significantly reduced the level of adipocytokine, such as leptin, resistin, IL-6, and MCP-1 induced by high fat diet. These results suggest that silybin can be used to improve obesity and diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 1985

The influence of fat level and dietary fiber on serum and liver lipid concentration of the rat was investigated. Groups of rats were fed respectively 3%, 5%, 20% fat containing and free fiber diet until 5th week. From 5th week to 9th week high fat diet groups of rates were devided high fat diet group, high fat pectin supplemented diet group and high fat celulose supplemented diet group. Pectin and cellulose at 10% was supplemented to high fat diets. After rats were fed for 9 weeks, all rats were sacrificed to collect the liver and blood samples by heart puncture. Serum and liver lipids were determined on all rats and compared the histochemical lipid staining method with the biochemical analysis of serum and liver lipids. A high fat diet caused increased level of the total lipids, total cholesterol and free cholesterol contents in the liver and the serum. Rats fed pectin reduced body weight, werum lipid and liver lipid but cellulose had no effect to reduce serum and liver lipid concentration. These results indicate that dietary fat level led to changes in the lipid metabolism of rats and that pectin was more effective in lowering serum and liver lipid than cellulose.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.578-585
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate effects of low fat diet and saturated fat supplementation on the function of the immune system. Forty male BALB/c mice average-weighing 15g were divided into two dietary groups: 0.7% safflower oil group and 4.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil group. Results are as follows; 1) Food intake, body weight, organ weight, agglutination test, differential white cell count and histological examination of spleen were not different in two dietary groups during the experimental period. 2) Delayed-type hypersensitive test of the mice fed 4.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil was significantly higher than that of the mice fed 0.7% safflower oil ($\alpha$=0.05). 3) Plaque forming cell was significantly reduced at 10th week compared to 7th week in both groups($\alpha$=0.05). Although there was no significant difference between two groups. 0.7% safflower oil groups showed slightly higher plaque forming cell than 4.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil group.