Kim, Tae-Hyun;Lee, Jung-Hyun;Oh, Young-Sook;Bae, Kyung-Sook;Kim, Sang-Jin
Journal of Microbiology
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v.37
no.3
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pp.128-135
/
1999
Among oil-degrading microorganisms isolated from oil-polluted industrial areas, one yeast strain showed high degradation activity of aliphatic hydrocarbons. From the analyses of 18S rRNA sequences, fatty acid, coenzyme Q system, G+C content of DNA, and biochemical characteristics, the strain was identified as Yarrowia lipolytica 180. Y. lipolytica 180 degraded 94% of aliphatic hydrocarbons in minimal salts medium containing 0.2% (v/v) of Arabian light crude oil within 3 days at 25$^{\circ}C$. Optimal growth conditions for temperature, pH, NaCl concentration, and crude oil concentration were 30$^{\circ}C$, pH 5-7, 1%, and 2% (v/v), respectively. Y. lipolytica 180 reduced surface tension when cultured on hydrocarbon substrates (1%, v/v), and the measured values of the surface tension were in the range of 51 to 57 dynes/cm. Both the cell free culture broth and cell debris of Y. lipolytica 180 were capable of emulsifying 2% (v/v) crude oil by itself. They were also capable of degrading crude oil (2%). The strain showed a cell surface hydrophobicity higher than 90%, which did not require hydrocarbon substrates for its induction. These results suggest that Y. lipolytica has high oil-degrading activity through its high emulsifying activity and cell hydrophobicity, and further indicate that the cell surface is responsible for the metabolism of aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Utama, Dicky Tri;Lee, Seung Gyu;Baek, Ki Ho;Chung, Woon Si;Chung, In Ae;Jeon, Jung Tae;Lee, Sung Ki
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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v.30
no.3
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pp.424-431
/
2017
Objective: Study on the application of high pressure processing (HPP) for dark-firm-dry (DFD) beef was conducted to observe whether HPP has any impact on physical properties and to evaluate oxidative deterioration during refrigerated storage under vacuum. Methods: The longissimus lumborum muscles obtained from Friesian Holstein steers ($33{\pm}0.5$ months old) with 24-h postmortem pH higher than 6.0 were vacuum-packed and subjected to pressurization at 200, 400, and 600 MPa for 180 s at $15^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}C$; the samples were then stored for 9 days at $4^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and compared with control (0.1 MPa). Results: HPP increased meat pH by 0.1 to 0.2 units and the tenderness of cooked DFD beef significantly with no significant effects on meat texture profile. The stability of meat pH was well maintained during refrigerated storage under vacuum. No clear effects were found on the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, however, glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly reduced by high pressure. HPP and storage time resulted in aroma changes and the increasing amount of malondialdehyde and metmyoglobin relative composition. Conclusion: Although the increasing amount of malondialdehyde content, metmyoglobin formation and aroma changes in HPP-treated samples could not be avoided, HPP at 200 MPa increased $L^*$ and $a^*$ values with less discoloration and oxidative deterioration during storage.
The long-chained perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), are a potential exposure risk in the environment, specifically for humans due to high levels of bioaccumulation, persistence, and toxicity. In the current study, the plant uptake factors (PUFs) of spinach and Welsh onion were investigated on the three different concentration levels of PFOA and PFOS in soil. Spinach and Welsh onion were divided into three residue groups, a control group and two levels of PFOA and PFOS. The PFAAs spiked soils were aged for six months and the extractable residue of PFOS in the aged soil was reduced to 30-59% of the initial spiked concentrations for PFOS, while PFOA showed almost the same initial spiked concentrations. The PUFs for PFOA and PFOS were 0.111-2.821 and 0.047-3.175 for spinach, and 0.203-0.738 and 0.035-0.181 for Welsh onion, respectively. The highest PUF values in both vegetable were displayed when the residual concentration of PFAAs were part-per-billion (ppb) or sub-ppb in soil.
Kim, Kwagnsoo;Lee, Kang Woo;Kim, Bong Wan;Jang, In Sung
Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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v.38
no.6
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pp.553-559
/
2020
In order to prevent subsidence in urban areas, which is a major cause of damage to aging underground facilities, an integrated underground space map is being produced for systematic management of underground facilities. However, there is a problem of delaying the update time because an unupdated underground facility object is included in the process of updating the underground space integrated map. In this paper, we proposed a method to shorten the update time of the integrated map by selecting only the updated objects required for the update process of the underground space integrated map based on the central point of the underground facilities. Through the comparison of the centroid, the number of search targets is greatly reduced to shorten the search speed, and the distance of the actual location values between the two objects is calculated whether or not the objects are the same. The proposed method shows faster performance as the number of data increases, and the updated object can be reflected in the underground space integrated map about four times faster than the existing method.
A seafloor curvature measurement method was developed to extract redundant topographic features from the multi-beam bathymetry data, and then applied to the data of abyssal plain area in the Pacific. Any seafloor might be modeled to a quadratic surface determined in a linear least squares sense, and its curvature could be derived from the eigen values related with quadratic model parameters. The curvature's magnitude as well as polarity showed distinct relationship with geometric characteristics of the seafloor like as ridge and valley. From the investigation of curvature's variation with the number of data in the quadratic surface, the optimal size of data aperture could be applied to real bathymetry data. The application to real data also required the determination of the accompanying threshold values to cope with corresponding topographic features. The calculation method of previous studies were reported to be sensitive to the background noise. The improved curvature measurement method, incorporating the sum of eigen values has reduced unwanted artifacts and enhanced ability to extract lineament features along strike direction. The result of application shows that the curvature measurement method is effective tool for the estimation of a possible mining area in the seamount free abyssal hill area.
Effects of sublethal dose of imidacloprid on biological characteristics, such as longevity, fecundity and excretions from brown planthopper (BPH) and its repellency to imidacloprid were examined. Topical application of imidacloprid to BPH at the dose of $LD_{10}$ and $LD_{30}$ (These values were determined at 48 hours after topical application of imidacloprid) was remarkably increased the mortality from 3 days after application and showed over 90% mortality on 4 days after application. Topical application of imidacloprid at dose of $LD_{10}$ (16 days) showed no difference compared to the control (16.9 days) in the longevity, while application of $LD_{30}$ was reduced the longevity of BPH to 13.5 days. Application of sublethal dose of imidacloprid to BPH adults reduced the number of eggs laid per day and for adult stage, and the hatchability of their eggs. By root zone application at the dose of $LC_{30}$, 50% longevity and 40% fecundity was reduced respectively, but showed no effect on number of eggs laid per day. The day on which BPH laid 50 % of eggs in number were 7.6 days at the $LC_{10}$ and 5.9 days the of $LC_{30}$ respectively. Hatchabilities of the groups treated with imidacloprid were lower than that of the control. Topical application to BPH at the dose of $LD_{10}$ did not reduce the amount of excretes, but application at the dose of $LD_{30}$ was reduced 26.5% of excretion compared to the control. Leaf dipping into the solution of concentration of $LC_{10}$ and $LC_{30}$ was reduced 96.4% and 98.0% of excretion, respectively. And root zone treatment at the concentration of $LC_{10}$ and $LC_{30}$ reduced 79.5% and 96.6% of excretion, respectively. Repellency rates of BPH to imidacloprid were 20% regardless of the dose of application.
This study was conducted to find out physical changes in the blood pressure and saliva cortisol of patients with high blood pressure and diabetes after participating in agro-healing activities. The saliva cortisol and blood pressure of 14 males and females aged 49.79±10.48 on average were measured after participating in agro-healing activities. The saliva collection system was used, and their satisfaction level for the program was also surveyed. Changes in the values before and after participating in the agro-healing activities were compared and analyzed. The cortisol concentration, a stress hormone, was reduced from 6.76nmol/L before the program to 4.86nmol/L after the program, down by 1.9nmol/L, which was a statistically significant difference (z=-3.170, p<.01). In addition, the cortisol concentration was gradually reduced through the entire program from Session 1 to Session 7. Changes in the blood pressure of subjects before and after participating in agro-healing activities were examined, and the total systolic and diastolic blood pressure continuously decreased after participating in agro-healing activities through the entire program from Session 1 to Session 7. Their systolic blood pressure was reduced statistically significantly (z=-1.947, p<.05). Also, participants' satisfaction was analyzed and it was found that more than 95% of participants answered 'satisfied' and 'very satisfied' with agro-healing activities. Therefore, these results indicate that agro-healing activities performed in the healing-farm had a positive impact on the cortisol concentration and blood pressure of patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure. In addition, their high satisfaction for this program seemed to improve the psychological and physiological conditions of subjects.
The efficiency and applicability of the solid phase extraction disk method in a 226Ra analysis were examined by the gamma ray spectrometer (GRS) method using a Marinelli beaker and the liquid scintillation counter (LSC) method for groundwater. The recovered 226Ra, which was filtered by the solid phase extraction disk, was analyzed using gamma ray spectrometer The disks, which were pretreated for caulking the daughter nuclide, were sealed with polyethylene film. Distilled water was used for the blank value of the 226Ra activity. The recovery values of 214Bi and 214Pb in the solid phase extraction disk, which used 226Ra standard material, were 80% (295.21 Kev) and 104% (351.92 Kev), respectively, which were higher than 75% determined by the LSC. The injection of nitrogen gas into the measuring chamber reduced the interference values by about 10%. The detection limits of the 226Ra activity in a blank sample of 5 L were 0.17~0.40 pCi/L after 80,000 seconds of measuring time. The relationship of the 226Ra activity in the solid phase extraction disk method and in the LSC method in seven groundwater samples showed a correlation coefficient value 0.987, which implies the applicability of the solid phase extraction disk method. The results showed that 226Ra activity in groundwater using the solid phase extraction disk method has the following benefits: simple pretreatment, time saving, high recovery values, a low detection limit, and so on. Compared with the LSC method and the GRS method using the Marinelli beaker for the 226Ra analysis, the solid phase extraction disk method could be useful in groundwater samples with low levels of activities of radionuclides because the method is not restricted by the volume of the sample.
Ahn, Young Mee;Koh, Won-Jung;Kim, Cheol Hong;Lim, Seong Yong;An, Chang Hyeok;Suh, Gee Young;Chung, Man Pyo;Kim, Hojoong;Kwon, O Jung
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
/
v.54
no.3
/
pp.330-337
/
2003
Background : Low spirometric forced vital capacity(FVC) in conjunction with a normal or high ratio of the forced expiratory volume at 1 second to the forced vital capacity($FEV_1$/FVC%) has traditionally been classified as a restrictive abnormality. However, the gold-standard diagnosis of a restrictive pulmonary impairment requires a measurement of the total lung capacity (TLC). This study was performed to determine the predictive value of spirometric measurements of the FVC for diagnosing a restrictive pulmonary abnormality. Methods : Test results from 1,371 adult patients who undertook both spirometry and lung volume measurements on the same visit from January 1999 to December 2000 were enrolled in this study. The test values for the FVC, the TLC that was below 80% of predicted value, and a $FEV_1$/FVC% that was below 70%, were classified as being abnormal. Results : Of the 1,371 patients, 353 patients had a reduced a FVC. Of these patients, 186 patients had a reduced TLC. Therefore, the positive predictive value was 52.7%. Of the 196 patients with a normal $FEV_1$/FVC% and a reduced FVC, 148(75.5%) patients had a lower TLC. Thirty eight (24.2%) patients out of 157 patients with a low $FEV_1$/FVC% and a low FVC showed a restrictive defect. Conclusion : Spirometry is useful to rule out a restrictive pulmonary abnormality, but a restrictive pattern on the spirometry dose not mean there is a true restrictive disease. For the patients with a low FVC, TLC measurements are essential for diagnosing a restrictive pulmonary impairment.
This study investigated the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of yanggaeng prepared with various amounts of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder (as ratios of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% to the total materials). According to the results, the pH of yanggaeng decreased significantly with the addition of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder (p<0.001). Increasing the amount of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder in the yanggaeng tended to increased $^{\circ}Brix$ value (p<0.01). For color values, lightness (L) values were reduced by increasing the amount of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder, redness (a) and yellowness (b) while values were increased significantly (p<0.001). Texture measurement scores in terms of hardness, springness, and Adhesiveness for yanggaeng showed that sample groups were lower than those of the control group. Cohesivene and chewiness were higher in the additive group than in the control group. Antioxidant activities, evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging capacity, Nitrites cavenging activity, and total phenolic substances content increased when increased the amount of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder (p<0.001). Results of descriptive analysis showed that by increasing the amount of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder, some attributes such as the intensity of the color, sweet, hardness and chewiness increased (p<0.01). It concluded that yanggaeng containing Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten can be prepared with good sensory properties and antioxidant activities, and the addition of 3% Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder was found to be ideal. Sensory evaluation scores in terms of color, odor, taste, texture, and overall preference of groups with 3% of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder did not show any significant differences when compared to the control group. Based on the above results, this study suggests that the addition of 3% Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder may be the best substitution ratio for yanggaeng.
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