• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1403-1411
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• 2023

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most abundant component of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and directly creates environmental issues such as global warming and climate change. Carbon capture and storage have been proposed mainly to solve the problem of increasing CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere; however, more emphasis has recently been placed on its use. Among the many methods of using CO₂, one of the key environmentally friendly technologies involves biologically converting CO₂ into other organic substances such as biofuels, chemicals, and biomass via various metabolic pathways. Although an efficient biocatalyst for industrial applications has not yet been developed, biological CO₂ conversion is the needed direction. To this end, this review briefly summarizes seven known natural CO₂ fixation pathways according to carbon number and describes recent studies in which natural CO₂ assimilation systems have been applied to heterogeneous in vivo and in vitro systems. In addition, studies on the production of methanol through the reduction of CO₂ are introduced. The importance of redox cofactors, which are often overlooked in the CO₂ assimilation reaction by enzymes, is presented; methods for their recycling are proposed. Although more research is needed, biological CO₂ conversion will play an important role in reducing GHG emissions and producing useful substances in terms of resource cycling.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.550-556
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• 2022

당, 알코올, 유기산 및 아미노산 등과 같은 다양한 유기물에 포함된 화학에너지를 전기에너지로 전환시키는 효소 연료전지의 성능은 anode 뿐만 아니라 cathode에도 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 연구의 목적은 laccase 기반의 고성능 cathode 전극을 개발하는데 있다. 효소, 전자전달체 및 탄소나노튜브로 구성된 효소 복합체를 제조하고 이를 전극 표면에 다층으로 부착하며 층수 및 탄소나노튜브의 첨가 유무가 전극 성능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 전극 표면에 효소-전자전달체(Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl))의 층수가 증가할수록 전극에서 발생되는 환원 전류량이 증가하였다. 탄소나노튜브가 첨가된 효소-전자전달체 복합체 전극(Lac-SWCNTs-(PVI-Os-dCl))이 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl) 전극에 비하여 1.7배 많은 환원 전류를 생성하였다. Lac-SWCNTs-(PVI-Os-dCl)과 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl)의 비율을 변화시키며 적층한 전극들에서 2층의 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl)과 2층의 Lac-SWCNTs-(PVI-Os-dCl)으로 구성된 전극이 가장 많은 양의 환원 전류(10.1±0.1 µA)를 생성하였다. 단일 층의 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl)로 구성된 cathode를 사용하는 셀과 최적화된 cathode를 사용하는 셀의 최대 생산 전력밀도는 각각 0.46±0.05와 1.23±0.04 µW/cm²였다. 본 연구 결과는 전극 표면에 laccase, 전자전달체 및 탄소나노튜브로 구성된 복합체의 적층 최적화를 통해 cathode 및 이를 이용하는 효소 연료전지의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

톨루엔에 녹인 부틸고무 용액을 탄소가루의 결합재로 사용하였을 때, 탄소반죽은 용매 증발 후 기계적 경도를 보였다. 고무 용액의 이런 성질을 이용하여 닭의 간조직이 혼입된 새로운 과산화수소 정량 효소전극을 제조하였다. 그것이 전기화학적으로 정량적 행동을 보이는지 확인하기 위하여 그것의 전기화학적 파라메타 즉 이중층의 대칭인자, 교환전류밀도, 축전용량, Michaelis 상수 및 시간상수 등을 도출하였다. 실험 결과는 부틸고무 용액이 탄소가루의 결합재로 활용될 수 있음을 보여 주었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

Atherosclerotic vascular dysfunction is a chronic inflammatory process that spreads from the fatty streak and foam cells through lesion progression. Therefore, its early diagnosis and prevention is unfeasible. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Intracellular redox status is tightly regulated by oxidant and antioxidant systems. Imbalance in these systems causes oxidative or reductive stress which triggers cellular damage or aberrant signaling, and leads to dysregulation. Paradoxically, large clinical trials have shown that non-specific ROS scavenging by antioxidant vitamins is ineffective or sometimes harmful. ROS production can be locally regulated by cellular antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins. Therapeutic approach targeting these antioxidant enzymes might prove beneficial for prevention of ROS-related atherosclerotic vascular disease. Conversely, the development of specific antioxidant enzyme-mimetics could contribute to the clinical effectiveness.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.321-325
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• 1999

NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (EC 1. 6. 99. 2) was purified form S. cerevisiae. The enzyme readily reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, a quinonoid redox dye, as well as substituted benzo- and naphthoquinones, and could accept electrons from either NADH or NADPH. The purified NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase turned out to be capable of reducing nitrosoarenes as well as a variety of quinones. A chemical-trapping technique using 4-chloro-1-naphthol was used to show that the N,N-dimethyl-p-benzoquinonediiminium cation was produced in the reduction of 4-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline catalyzed by NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.715-720
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• 2014

A Cu(II) complex with an three nitrogens and one sulfur coordination environment was synthesized and characterized. Its redox potential was observed at 0.483 V vs. NHE, very similar to that of a Cu-containing fungal enzyme, galactose oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to corresponding aldehydes with the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. The Cu(II) complex selectively oxidizes the benzylic alcohols using TEMPO/$O_2$ under mild reaction conditions to corresponding aldehydes without forming any over-oxidation product. Moreover, the catalyst can be recovered and reused multiple times for further oxidation reactions, thus minimizing the waste generation.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제10권S_1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2001

We carroed our to measure the variations of potential with current density (polarization curves) for poly(ethyleneterephthalate). The results were particularly examined to identify the influences on corrosion potential and corrosion rate of various factors including temperature, pH, exposure time, salt, and enzyme. The Tafel slope for anodic dissolution was determined by the polarization effect depending on these conditions. The optimum conditions were established for each case. The second anodic current density peak and maximum passive current density were designated as the relative corrosion sensitivity$(I_r/I_f)$. The mass transfer coefficient value$(\alpha)$ was determined with the Tafel slope for anodic dissolution based on the polarization effect with optimum conditions.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2000

Experiments were carried out to measure variations in the oxidation potential and current density using the polarization curves of polycarbonate. The results were then examined to identify the influences affecting the oxidation potential related to various conditions, such as temperature, pH, and oxydase(citrate and lipase). The lines representing the active anodic and cathodic dissolution shifted only slightly in the potential direction relative to temperature, pH, and the effect of the enzyme. The Tafel slope for the anodic and cathodic dissolution was determined such that the reversibility polarization was indicated as being effected by various conditions. The slope of the polarization curves describing the active-to-passive transition region shifted noticeably in their direction. Also, by varying the conditions, the optimum conditions for the most ready transform were identified, including temperature, pH, oxidation rate, and resistance of oxidation potential. The critical oxidation sensitivity(I(sub)r/I(sub)f) of the anodic current density peak and maximum passive current density was also determined, which is used in measuring the critical corrosion sensitivity of a polycarbonate.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.356-360
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• 2005

Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), a classic enzyme involved in purine catabolism, can catalyze the formation of redox-signaling reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as superoxide and nitric oxide. We generated transgenic plants of Arabidopsis in which XDH was knocked out by introduction of hairpin RNA-expression vector. Expression analysis by reverse transcription-PCR and in-gel staining of XDH activity revealed that transgenic lines efficiently suppressedXDH expression at the transcriptional level, demonstrating that RNA interference was successfully induced. XDH-suppressed transgenic lines exhibitedincreased biomass production during the growth of seedlings.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권2호통권141호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2005

This research was performed to investigate the protective effect of Chungpesagan-tang (CST) from hypoxia/reperfusion induced-PC12 cell damage. To elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect of CST, cell viability, changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, caspase 3 and the production of malondialdehyde were observed after treating PC12 cells with CST which was metabolized by rat liver homogenate. Pretreatment of CST with liver homogenate appeared to increase its protective effect against hypoxia/reperfusion insult. The result showed that CST exhibited the highest protective effect against hypoxia/reperfusion at the dose of $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ in PC12 cells, probably by recovering the redox enzyme activities and MDA to control level.