• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds powder on antioxidative enzyme activities and oxidative damage in groups of rrats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diets group (HFC). The Rrats were divided into the following five experimental groups which are : composed of a normal diet group, a high fat high cholesterol diet group, and a high fat high cholesterol diet group supplemented with different amounts contents (1%, 2% and 4%) of red pepper seeds powder water extracts supplemented groups (HFCW1, HFCW2 and HFCW4, respectively). Body weight gains and food intake were lower ofin the red pepper seed water extracts groups were lower than those inof the HFC group. Hepartic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activitiyactivity was increased in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepatic superoxide radicals within the mitochondria and microsomes of cells were significantly reduced in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol was significantly reduced in the HFCW3 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepatic carbonyl values in the microsomes and mitochondria were significantly reduced in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepartic thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 group compared to the HFC group. These results suggest that water extracts of red pepper seeds powder may reduce oxidative damage by activation of antioxidative defense systems in rats fed high fat-high cholesterol diets.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1991

고추가루의 돌연변이유발, 보돌연변이 및 항돌연변이 효과를 검토하기 위해 매운맛의 재래종과 덜 매운맛의 교배종을 극성이 다른 용매로 3분획한 것과 고추의 주요한 매운 성분으로 알려진 capsaicin을 Ames mutagenicity test를 이용하여 연구하였다. 고추가루 추출획분들을 모두 direct한 돌연변이유발성이 없는 것으로 나타났고 MNNG가 존재할 때의 보돌연변이 효과도 나타나지 않았다. 또한 이들은 rat S9이 존재할 때의 indirect한 mutagenicity도 일으키지 않는 결과를 보였다. 고추가루의 주요 매운 성분인 capsaicin도 Aroclor 1254, phenobarbital로 induce시킨 rat S9과 Aroclor 1254로 induce시킨 hamster S9 등의 activation system을 이용하여도 돌연변이유발의 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 고추가루 추출획분들은 TA100 strain에서 모두 aflatoxin $B_1$의 mutagencity를 오히려 억제시키는 결과를 나타내었는데 이 효과는 고추가루의 첫번째 획분(1st fraction)이 가장 컸었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1679-1682
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• 1999

본 연구는 고춧가루 추출액의 혼합 비율에 따른 고추씨 추출액의 매운맛에 대한 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 고추씨 추출액에 첨가하는 고춧가루 혼합비율이 증가할수록 수율 및 점도, 탁도, a와 b값은 증가하였으며 L값은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 시간차 강도 평가에 의한 관능검사 결과 고추씨 추출액은 매운맛이 완만히 증가하였으며 후기에도 그 강도가 유지되는 것에 반하여 고춧가루 추출액은 단시간에 매운맛에 도달한 후 급격히 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 고춧가루와 고추씨 추출액의 혼합 비율은 그들 자체가 지니는 매운맛 특성에 의해 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 1999

Antimutagenic effects of 5 kinds of kochujang(Korean red pepper soybean paste) samples compared with doenjang(Korean soy paste) were studied using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and the SOS chromotest, with E. Coli PQ37. Th eantimutatenic effects of methanol extracts from red pepper powder and meju(fermented soybean) powder, the major ingredients of the kochujang,were also evaluated for the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the Ames assay. The methanol extracts from the kochujang samples showed lower antimutagenicities than those of doenjang against AFB1 and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in the Ames assay. Traditional kochujang I and II exhibited strong antimutagenic activity against AFB1 and MNNG. The traditional kochujang samples against MNNG were aslo observed in the SOS chromotest system with the same fashions as shown in the Ames mutagenicity test. The methanol extracts from meju powder had the strongest inhibitory effects on mutabenicity induced by AFB1, however, those form red pepper powder showed lower inhibition rate than kochujang. These results suggest that traditional kochujang exhibit higher antimutagenic acitivity than the commercial variety, and that meju powder seems to be one of the major antimutagenic components in kochujang.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.633-638
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• 1998

Fibrionolytic activity(FA) of kimchi in rat and FAs of water and methanol extracts of kimchi ingredient were determined using fibrin plate method to see where the active principles for FA are present in kimchi. Nine Sprague-Dawley per each group were fed diet containing 3, 5 or 10% of freeze dried kimchi for 6 weeks. The FA of plasma obtained from 10% kimchi group showed stronger FA than that of control. FAs of 3 and 5% kimchi group were not noticeable. FA from methanol extract of kimchi was approximately 6 times higher than that from water extract assuming that the active material may be present in a fat soluble fraction. From water extract of kimchi ingredients, dropwort, green onion, radish and baechu showed FA in descending order. And from methanol extracts, red pepper powder, radish, green onion and baechu showed FA in decending order. The Fa of methanol extract of red pepper powder was the most noticeable among samples.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2004

High-pungency red pepper and capsaicin modulate circulating hormone levels and induce lipolysis in adipose tissue in vivo. This study was designed to investigate the lipolytic activity of adipocytes by high-pungency red pepper extract in vitro. High-pungency red pepper (var. Chungyang) powder showed 126.1 mg% of capsaicinoid which was 3 x higher than low-pungency red pepper powder (var. Daemyung). To study the effects of high-pungency red pepper extract on lipolytic activity, preadipocytes were separated from the epidermal fat of 14 day-old rats, induced to differentiate into adipocytes and were treated with red pepper extracts. The amount of glycerol released from adipocytes into the culture medium was analysed to measure lipolytic activity. Glycerol release from adipocytes was increased in a dose-dependent manner with high-pungency red pepper extract treatment. However, there was no significant change in the glycerol release when adipocytes were treated with low-pungency red pepper extract. To investigate whether lipolysis by high-pungency red pepper extract is caused by capsaicin, glycerol release was detected after the treatment of adipocytes with capsaicin. Glycerol release was significantly increased by capsaicin. These results suggest that high-pungency red pepper extract might have a direct lipolytic activity in adipocytes that is mediated by capsaicin.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.346-349
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• 2003

김치에 고춧가루, 소금, 젓갈 등의 첨가량을 달리하여 김치의 관능적 특성 변화를 살펴보았다. 김치의 염도가 2%가지는 신맛과 매운맛이 강하였지만 그 이상의 염농도에서는 신맛, 매운맛, 단맛, 감칠맛 등을 억제하였고 고춧가루를 첨가하여 매운맛이 상승함에 따라 3%까지는 신맛은 비례하여 증가하였지만 그밖의 짠맛, 단맛, 감칠맛은 억 제시 켰으며 젓갈 첨가는 감칠맛의 상승과 함께 짠맛과 단맛을 상승시켰으나 매운맛과 신맛은 억제하였다. 이상과 같은 조미료 및 향신료의 맛과 김치 맛을 일원일차 상관분석을 통해 알아본 결과 소금의 짠맛은 매운맛, 신맛, 단맛, 감칠맛과 각각 -0.9857, 0.9878, -0.9847, -0.9076을, 또 고추의 매운맛은 신맛, 단맛, 짠맛, 감칠맛과 각각 0.8353, -0.9316, -0.9020, -0.9901로 모두 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 나타내어 김치의 매운맛과 짠맛의 상승은 김치의 전반적인 맛을 억제시켰다. 한편 감칠맛은 매운맛과만 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였고 단맛과 짠맛과는 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보여 매운맛과 짠맛과는 다른 경향을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.625-632
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• 1998

To enhance the antimutagenic and anticancer activities of chinese cabbage kimchi, 13 kinds of kimchi, which were different kinds and levels of sub-ingredient added kimchi, were prepared and fermented at 15℃ for 1 day and then at 5℃ up to pH 4.3. The antimutagenic effects of the methanol extracts of the kimchi were studied by using Ames mutagenicity test in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and SOS chromotest in E. coli PQ37. Among the kimchi samples, high ratio of red pepper powder(7%) and garlic(2.8% or 5.2%) added kimchi, 1% chinese pepper powder added kimchi and organic cultivated chinese cabbage kimchi significantly reduced(p<0.05) the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in Ames test and SOS response against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in SOS chromotest, and also the kimchi inhibited more effectively(p<0.05) the survival and growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells than the standarized kimchi on the SRB assay, MTT assay and growth inhibition test. These results suggest that the antimutagenic and anticancer activites of kimchi can be increased by the sub-ingredients such as organic cultivated chinese cabbage, red pepper powder, garlic and chinese pepper powder.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.511-520
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• 1995

파, 마늘, 생강, 적생고추, 고추가루의 멸균 추출액의 농도가 2％와 4%가 되도록 첨가한 배지에서 김치의 주된 젖산균들인 Leu. mesenteroides와 Lac. plantarum의 생육을 조사하였는데, 모든 부재료가 Lac. plantarum의 생육을 저해하였으며 마늘은 이 균에의 저해효과가 가장 컸으며, 생강이 Leu. mesenteroides의 생육에 증진 효과를 보였고, 마늘이 역시 Leu. mesonteroides의 생육에 저해효과를 나타내었다. 마늘, 생강 및 고추가루의 연속분획추출 후 멸균액을 배지에 첨가해 역시 두균의 생육정도를 조사하였을 때 마늘의 부탄을 분획물이 두균의 생육에 저해효과를 보여 그 효과물질은 alkaloid나 flavonoid일 것으로, 또 생강과 고추가루의 물 분획물이 Leu. mesenteroides의 생육 촉진 효과를 나타낸 바 그 효과물질은 당류일 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.370-376
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• 1999

고춧가루 공장에서 폐기물로 발생되는 고추씨를 매운맛을 지닌 향신 조미 물질로서의 효과적인 활용하기 위하여 실험하였다. 고추씨는 열수추출하였으며 추출시 추출온도와 시간 및 소금, 당, 인산염과 유기산등의 첨가 영향을 검토하였다. 또한 추출전 10$0^{\circ}C$에서의 증자나 215$^{\circ}C$와 33$0^{\circ}C$에서의 볶음의 영향도 검토하였다. 그 결과 고추씨를 증자 또는 볶음하여 추출한 경우에 수율은 증가하였지만 탁도는 감소하였으며 매운 향미는 비가열처리구에서 높았다. 고추씨를 7$0^{\circ}C$-10$0^{\circ}C$에서 10-60분간 열수추출하였을 때 8$0^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 추출한 시료가 비교적 높은 27%의 수율을 나타내었으며 매운맛도 높았다. 한편, 소금, 당, 인산염과 유기산을 첨가하여 8$0^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 추출한 수율은 0.5% NaCl이 27.21%, 0.2% $Na_2$HPO$_4$은 29.21%로 대조구보다 약간 증가하였으며 매운 향미에는 큰 영향이 없었다.