• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.104-110
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• 1977

Vegetables are liberally taken to enhance the mineral, vitamin, and rouphage value of the diet. And calcium is an essential mineral at all ages, although the daily requirement varies with physiological status of the individual. On the other hand, oxalic acid is an unwanted constituent of several clinical disorders. It is therefore necessary to take into account the calcium as well as the oxalic acid content of the various calcium, foods. Oxalic acid, calcium, calcium/oxalic acid ratio and available calcium have been determined in 31 kinds of the Korean common vegetables. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The highest content of oxalic acid has been recorded in Amaranth. spinach and beet. It is respectively 1,100mg%, 619mg%, 550mg% in fresh sample. It is comparatively high in Leek, leavels of perilla, Mugwort, Chyi-leaves, green red pepper, Burdock. 2. Many vegetables have been calculated as below 2.0 in the calcium/oxalic acid ratio. 3. Avaiable calciumis much in Malaolitoria, Lettuce, Green onion whole, Green garlic, Wild onion, Cabbage and Radish root. 4. A food calendar is suggested as a guide to the proper selection of food items for normal individuals and for those suffering from urolithiasis, cardiovascular disease or calcium deficiency status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.670-678
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to develop calcium enriched menu for the aged and to investigate physicochemical characteristics and consumer acceptances of the menus. four kinds of the menu were developed with emphasis on calcium enriched food materials of red pepper leaves seasoned vegetables for menu1, shrimp for menu2, anchovy for menu3, seaweed for menu4. one portion of calorie, polysaccharide, protein, fats and calcium for the aged were calculated as 567kcal, 92.8g, 21.3g, 12.6g 223.1mg, respectively based on the recommended daily allowances for adults. Calcium content increased in the lowest value of all(p<0.05). The hunter lightness(L) values of barely rice in menu 1, radish soup in menu 1, chopped roast chicken in menu 4 and radish salad in menu 2 had significantly the highest values of all(p<0.05). The calcium enriched menus for the aged were successfully developed and these data could be used as basic informations for the improvement in health and life of the aged.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2003

The Dukpyung and the Chubu areas were selected to investigate the migration and enrichment of arsenic and other toxic elements in soils and crop plants in areas covered with black shales. Rock and soil samples digested in 4-acid solution (HCI+HNO$_3$+HF+HC1O$_4$) were analyzed fer arsenic and other heavy metals by ICP-AES and ICP-MS, and plant samples by INAA. Mean concentration of As in Okchon black shale is higher than those of both world average values of shale and black shale. Especially high concentration of 23.2 mg/kg As is found in black shale from the Dukpyung area. Mean concentration of As is highly elevated in agricultural soils from the Duk-pyung (28.2 mg/kg) and the Chubu areas (32.6 mg/kg). Arsenic is highly elevated in rice stalks and leaves from the Dukpyung (1.14 mg/kg) and the Chubu areas (1.35 mg/kg). The biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of As in plant species decreases in the order of rice leaves>com leaves>red pepper>soybean leaves=sesame leaves>corn stalks>corn grains.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.544-547
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to investigate the contamination levels and dispersion patterns of arsenic and heavy metals and to estimate the bioaccessible fraction of the metals in soil and plant samples in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine. Tailings, soils, plants (Chinese cabbage, red pepper, soybean, radish, sesame leaves, green onion, lettuce, potato leaves, angelica and groundsel) and waters were collected around the mine site. After appropriate preparation, all samples were analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Elevated levels of As and heavy metals were found in tailings. Mean concentrations of As in agricultural soils were higher than the permissible level. Especially, maximum level of As in farmland soil was 513 mg/kg. The highest concentrations of As and Zn were found in Chinese cabbage (6.7 mg/kg and 359 mg/kg, respectively). Concentrations of As, Cd, and Zn in most stream waters which are used for drinking water around this mine area were higher than the permissible levels regulated in Korea. Maximum levels of As, Cd and Zn in stream waters were 0.78 mg/L, 0.19 mg/L and 5.4 mg/L, respectively. These results indicate that mine tailings can be the main contamination sources of As and heavy metals in the soil-water system in the mine area. The average of estimated bioaccessible fraction of As in farmland soils were $3.7\%$ (in simulated stomach) and $10.8\%$ (in simulated small intestine). The highest value of bioaccessible fraction of metal in farmland soils was $46.5\%$ for Cd.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.257-263
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• 1995

As a primary step to develop natural preservative for extending the shelf-life of kimchi, the effect of 102 edible plants, 21 antimicrobial agents and related compounds on kimchi fermentation was studied. Among 42 oriental medicinal plants tested, Baical skullcap and Assam indigo were found to be highly effective for maintaining the fresh state of kimchi. Although Bugbane, Red mangolia, Bushy sophora, Szechuan pepper, Chinese quince and Scisandre significantly inhibit the growth of Lactobacilli, their effect was not high enough to be used as raw materials for kimchi preservative. When the effect of 32 herbs and spices was tested, peppermint, cinnamon, lemon balm, clove, hop, rosemary, sage, horseradish and thyme showed high antimicrobial activity against kimchi microorganisms. Among them, the effect of clove ranked top. When it was added to fresh kimchi, initial cfu value ($2.4{\times}10^{6}cfu/g$) changed little even after 2 day's fermentation ($2.6{\times}10^{6}cfu/g$). Sensory test was not a good criteria to evaluate the effect of herbs and spices, since their highly specific flavors affected the taste of kimchies. Twenty eight fruits, vegetables and related plants were tested, but only leaves of pine tree, persimmon and oak leaves showed a significant bactericidal effect, finally contributing to the storage of kimchi. In addition, when 21 natural preservatives and other compounds were added individually to fresh kimchi, nisin and caffeic acid could inhibit fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.379-395
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• 2003

Regional foods is influenced by weather, local and social environment etc. The purpose of this study was to understand that regional foods in the middle of Chosun Dynasty through Domundaejac. Some of representative dishes of the Hansung and Kyonggi-do Area is duck(rice cake) of seasonally celebrated days, hangua(korea confectionary) and rice wine. Typical foods in Chungchong-do Area is included persimmon, jujube, watermelon and wax gourd. Some of the well-known food in Kangwon-do Area is pear, bangpungchuk(gruel), sukebyung(rice cake), woongjijunggua(korea confectionary) and sanat-kimchi(picked mustard leaves and stem) that is seemed characteristics of mountainous section. Some of the famous dishes in Cholla-do Area is backsanja(korea confectionary), tea, chuksun kimchi(bamboo shoot pickle), citrus fruits and ear shell. Kyongsan-do Area ia famous persimmon, bamboo fruit, dasik(korea confectionary) and yakban(glutinous rice cake). Hwanghae-do Area is famed pear and choshi as assumed the eatly form of gochujang(thick soypaste mixed with red pepper). Representative dishes are deljjuk(blue berry), herring, sangat-kimchi(picked mustard leaves and sterm) in Hamgyong-do Area and daemandu(big dumpling) in Pyongan-do Area. The coast area is famous for using lots of sea food. Fresh seafood is consumed raw, and clams, fish and seaweed are liberally added to soups and other dishes. The East coast is catched salmon, flatfish, codfish, sandfish and mackerel The West coast is catched yellow corvenia, lobster, tiny shrimp and large-eyed herring. The South coast is catched sea mussel, codfish and laver.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2007

The effects of selenium (Se) and germanium (Ge) fertilization on the growth and quality of Chinese cabbages cultivated in spring and autumn and peppers cultivated in spring were investigated. $Se\;(Na_2SeO_4)\;and\;Ge\;(GeO_2)$ were supplied 5, 10, or 20 times in an aqueous solution of 0, 2, 4, or $8mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the cultivation of Chinese cabbages and peppers. The fresh weight of Chinese cabbages increased by Ge fertilization with high concentration. But it was not affected by Se fertilization. The content of vitamin C increased by 10 times application with $4mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of Se or Ge. The concentration of Se in Chinese cabbage increased according to increasing concentration of Se fertilization. Se concentration was higher in the outer leaves than in the inner leaves. Se concentration in the mesophyll was higher than that in the midrib. Ge fertilization increased the uptake and concentration of Ge in autumn-cultivated Chinese cabbages. Se and Ge fertilization did not affect the fresh weight of peppers. The content of vitamin C in pepper increased by 20 times application of $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of Se. Vitamin C content in red peppers was twice as much as in green peppers.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2014

This research was performed to examine the effects of mixed espil and copper hydroxide for powdery mildew prevention on cucumber, tomato and pepper. On prevention effect for powdery mildew on cucumber, results revealed that mixed espil and copper hydroxide with a ratio of 4 : 1, disease incidence rate was 18.9% and prevention effect was 69.9%. Another treatment with a ratio of 8 : 1 showed an disease incidence rate of 18.1% and prevention effect of 71.1%, thus, showed great effectiveness. For powdery mildew on tomato, espil and copper hydroxide were mixed using the ratio 4 : 1, results showed an disease incidence rate of 12.4% and prevention effect of 85.3%. Treatment using the ratio of 8 : 1, results showed an disease incidence rate of 14.3% and prevention effect of 83.0%, thus, showed great effectiveness. For powdery mildew on redpepper, espil and copper hydroxide were mixed using the ratio of 4 : 1 with results showed disease incidence rate of 17.7% and prevention effect of 83.0%. From the results, this treatment is the most effective with the lowest attack rate and highest prevention effect. Deducing from the study, it was found out that using mixed espil and copper hydroxide using the ratios 4 : 1 or 8 : 1 are the most effective method for powdery mildew prevention. Mixed ratio of 4 : 1 or 8 : 1 was most effective for preventing powdery mildew on cucumber and tomato, while the espil and copper hydroxide ratio of 4 : 1 was the most effective method for powdery mildew prevention on pepper.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.268-275
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• 2023

This study was conducted to confirm the utilization of Pleurospermum camtschaticum root extract as an organic agricultural material. Antioxidant activity of P. camtschaticum root extract, closely related to antibacterial activity, increased in a dose-dependent manner. In mycelial growth inhibitory activity, 100% P. camtschaticum root extract supressed over 70% for Colletotrichum coccodes and over 68% for Colletotrichum dematium. In the pepper fruit anthracnose development test, the size of the lesion decreased in a dose-dependent manner, which showed the same tendency as the previous results in inhibitory activity on mycelial growth. In the pepper seed germination and red pepper growth promotion test of P. camtschaticum root extract, oposite results was confirmed. The lower the concentration, the more the seed germination and growth promotion effects were shown. The phenol content of pepper leaves was also measured after pepper growth promotion test have been completed. The phenol content related to antibacterial activity increased in all treated groups compared to the untreated group. Therefore, the results of this study showed the possibility of development as an organic material.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.358-363
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for selecting the applicable crops in reclaimed land during desalinization period. A pot experiment was conducted with 5 different electrical conductivities of the saturated extracts $(ECe\;1,\;3,\;9,\;14,\;and\;16\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1})$ of soils taken from the Dae-Ho reclaimed tidal lands. Eight crops (Chinese cabbage, radish, tomato, red pepper, buckwheat, soybean, sesame, and green perilla) were grown for 37days. Plant height and number of leaves were surveyed on 2 and 4 weeks after seeding, and on harvest time (5 weeks). After harvest, dry weights of harvested crops were measured and soil chemical properties were analyzed. Emergence rates of crops were comparatively high except sesame. For sesame, there was no emergence at ECe over $3\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Growth and dry weight decreased significantly as increasing ECe. The ECe which decreased 50% of dry weight index were $14.2\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for radish, $11.4\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage, $10.2\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for red pepper, $8.9\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for buckwheat and green perilla, $8.6\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for soybean, and $8.9\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for tomato. At higher ECe that start the growth inhibition, increasing $1\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in ECe, 7.7, 6.5, 5.9, 5.6, 5.2, and 4.9% of dry weight decreased for buckwheat, green perilla, Chinese cabbage, radish, soybean, and tomato (red pepper), respectively. The critical value of ECe for crop survival except sesame was $15.4\;{\sim}\;23.1\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$.