• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic agricultural materials, chitosan and wood vinegar, on the growth and yield of red pepper and soil microflora. In the chitosan treatments, the density of actinomycetes in soils increased, while the density of fungi decreased. Compared with the conventional cultivation, the stem diameter of red pepper was greater in the chitosan or wood vinegar experimental plots at 50 days after transplanting, though there was no difference in chlorophyll content among treatments. The incidence of disease and insect was higher in the treatments of organic agricultural materials than the conventional cultivation, regardless of application frequency. Contents of cations such as Ca and K in leaves and fruits increased by chitosan treatment. In all experimental plots, fruit yield decreased because of diseases and insects. But in chitosan treatment plot with 10 times of application, characteristics of fruits were superior to others and the yield index of red pepper was the highest as 92.4% as compared to the conventional cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.260-268
• /
• 1999

Crude extract of Coptis japonica root-stem was evaluated for antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum dematium, Colletotrichum truncatum, Botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Alternaria porri, and antifungal active compound from the extract was identified. In addition, the usefulness of the extract for some plants disease control was investigated. Crude extract of C. japonica root-stem exhibited antifungal activity against P. capsici, F. oxysporum, C. dematium, B. cinerea, B. dothidea and A. porri. Antifungal activity of the substance isolated from C. japonica root-stem was similar to a standard chemical berberine-Cl. Red-pepper fruit rot, sesame stem rot and welsh-onion alternaria leaf spot were effectively controlled by the crude extract of C. japonica root-stem. Phytotoxicity was not observed in the red-pepper and welsh-onion leaves and red-pepper and strawberry fruits with exogenous foliage application of the crude extract. Seeds germination and radicle growth of red-pepper and sesame were inhibited by the crude extract of C. japonica root-stem. 4.24g of yellowish compound per 100g of C. japonica root-stem was obtained. The compound was identified as berberine-Cl by HPLC.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 1995

The effect of day and night temperature on the seedlings growth as well as physiological responses of red pepper seedlings to temperature, such as uptake of water and nutrients, rates of photosynthesis and respiration of leaf and root were also investigated in growth cabinet. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. As the temperature dropped down to 12$^{\circ}C$, the uptake of water and nutrients, nitrate, phosphorus and potassium were decreased drastically. At 5$^{\circ}C$ there was virtually no uptake of water and nutrients. 2. Photosynthetic activity in the leaves of red pepper seedlings was increased gradually from 5$^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ and observed the highest photosynthetic activity at $25^{\circ}C$, but respiratory activity of leaf increased up to 3$0^{\circ}C$ and the same trend was observed in root respiratory activity. 3. Optimal combination of day and night temperature for shoot dry weight which is the decisive criterion of good seedlings of red pepper was found to be $25^{\circ}C$ at nighttime and 3$0^{\circ}C$ at daytime and then day/night temperature showed in the order of 25/25, 30/15, 15/25, 10/$25^{\circ}C$. No increment of shoot dry weight at 5$^{\circ}C$ in nighttime temperature observed regardless of daytime temperature.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to develop the economic thresholds for the control of bacterial spot of red pepper. The correlation between diseased leaf rate and yield in field was Y=-0.724X+281.58, $R^2=0.78$, $r=-0.88^{**}$. The correlation between diseased leaf rate and yield loss in field was Y=0.813X+15.95, $R^2=0.78$, $r=0.88^*$.We found that control thresholds was below 30.3% diseased leaves rate per plant in field. The economic control thresholds for bacterial spot of red pepper was below 16.3%.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.229-240
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus acid (H₃PO₃) addition to the horticultural bed soil on the initial growth of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv.), and kimchi cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. cv.). The stem heights of red pepper and cucumber were 46.1% and 23.0% greater in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid treatment than the untreated (control). Further, the stem diameter of pepper and cucumber were 48.7% and 23.0% greater in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid treatment than the control. In addition, the number of kimchi cabbage leaves was 47.5% greater in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid treatment than the control. The dry weights of red pepper, cucumber and kimchi cabbage were 72.9%, 16.5%, and 30.4% heavier in the 50 mg/L than the control, respectively. Cations (K, Ca, and Mg) and total phosphorus (T - P) were quantitatively analyzed for these three horticultural crops. The concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg, and T - P were higher in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid than the control, respectively. Based on the results obtained in this study, it appears that treatment of phosphorus acid in horticultural bed soil enhanced the growth of red pepper, cucumber and Kimchi cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.221-233
• /
• 2000

Evaluation method of soil fertility by application of geographic information system (GIS) which includes landscape characteristics and soil map data was investigated from productivities of red pepper and tobacco grown on the fields with no fertilization. Total 131 fields experiments, 64 fields of red pepper and 67 fields of tobacco were conducted from 22 and 23 fields for red pepper and tobacco, respectively, located at Cheangweon and Eumseong counties in 1996, from 20 and 25 fields at Boeun and Goesan counties in 1997, and 22 and 19 fields at Jincheon and Chungju counties in 1998. All the experimental sites were selected on the basis of wide range of distribution in landscape and soil attributes. Dry weights and nutrients (N, P and K) uptakes by red pepper plant and tobacco leaves were considered as basic fertility of the soil (BFS). The BFS was estimated by twenty-five independent variables including 13 chemical properties and 12 GIS data. Twenty-five independent variables were classified by two groups, 15 quantitative variables and 10 qualitative variables, and were analyzed by multiple linear regression (MLR) of REG and GLM models of SAS. Dry weight of red pepper (DWRP) and dry weight of tobacco leaves (DWTL) every year showed high variations by five times in difference plots with minimum yield and maximum yield indicating the diverse soil fertility among the experimental fields. Evaluation for the BFS by the MLR including independent variables was better than that by simple regression showing gradual improvement by adding chemical properties, quantitative variables, and qualitative variables of the GIS. However the evaluation for the BFS by the MLR showed the better result for tobacco than red pepper. For example the variability in the DWTL by MLR was explained 34.2% by only chemical properties, 35.0% by adding quantitative variables, and 72.5% by adding both the quantitative and qualitative variables of the GIS compared with 21.7% by simple regression with $NO_3-N$ content in soil. Consequently, it is assumed that this approach by the MLR including both the quantitative and qualitative variables was available as an evaluation model of soil fertility for upland field.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.501-511
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of applying levels of Bestamin, animal amino acid, on growth and quality of hot pepper and physicochemical properties of soil. Treatment was given with 200, 400, 800, 1600kg per 10a to control of Bestamin, difference of physicochemical properties was lower than Bestamin, and $P_2O_5$ seems to be reduced, also $K^+$, $Ca^{++}$ were obviously low compared to the control. The content of $NO_{3-}N$ was low compared to control at the Bestamin treated plot. Plant height was longest at 800 treatment and main stem length, main stem weigh and the number of leaves were significantly different with 400 and 800 treatment. No difference was found among the fruit weight, length, diameter in first harvest, but there was significantly different at control of 2nd, 3rd harvest and more increased than 400 and 800 treatment. Fruit weight per plant was the heaviest at 400 and 800 treatment, and the number of fruit was no difference at red pepper but increased with 400 and 800 at green pepper, and yield per 10a was significantly increased to 4503.6kg and 4582.5kg, respectively. Nitrogen in mesophyll accumulation content was obviously reduced at Bestamin treatment compared to control, and amino acid was reduced with control.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 1984

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of night temperature and amount of fertilization on growth and photosynthesis of red pepper plants for providing some basic imformation needed in improving the productivity of red pepper. 1. Plant height, stem length, number of flower buds, dry weight of plants and photosynthetic rate were higher in King Gun Gochu than in Dohusa, but number of leaves, number of internodes and leaf area we re higher in Dohusa compared to King Gun Gochu. 2. Plant height, number of leaves, number of flower buds, dry weight of plants, leaf area and photosynthetic rate were significantly increased by 50% increased fertilization compared to normal fertilization. 3. High night temperature($25^{\circ}C$) treatment increased plant height, stem length, number of leaves, number of internodes, number of flower buds, dry weight of plants and leaf area. 4. RGR and LAR were increased by 50% increased fertilization and high night temperature but NAR was decreased by high flower buds 5. Photosynthetic rate of King Gun Gochu was increased by 50% increased fertilization and high light intensity. 6. Number of flower buds was increased at King Gun Gochu by 50% increased fertilization and high night temperature ($25^{\circ}C$).

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2007

The incidence of virus disease on peppers was investigated at the 52 areas in the whole country in 2002, 2004 to 2006. Among the six viruses, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), infecting peppers in Korea, the incidence of CMV, PepMoV, PMMoV and BBWV2 was 29.4%, 13.6%, 14.3%, 25.6%, orderly. TMGMV and TSWV had the same low infection rate of 1.0%. The infection rate of CMV was higher as 53.3% and 34.2% in 2002 and 2004, but it was decreased to 18.2% and 11.9% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The infection rate of BBWV2 was lower as 1.3% in 2002 and 1.8% in 2004, but it was increased abruptly to 41.3% in 2005 and 58.2% in 2006. For the types of mixed infections of pepper viruses, the incidence of CMV+PepMoV was 62.6% in 2002 and 50.0% in 2004, and that of CMV+BBWV2 was increased suddenly from 33.3% in 2005 to 83.2% in 2006. The triplex infection of CMV+BBWV2+PepMoV was 6.4% in average. CMV caused severe mosaic and BBWV2 induced ring spots, and the two mixed virions caused chlorosis on the leaves of red peppers. TSWV induced the typical symptoms of multiple ring spots on the leaves and fruits of red peppers.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2013

The study of carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere is critical to understand the role of aerosols in human health and climate. Using standardized thermal optical transmittance methods, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were determined using a combustion sampling system for four types of agricultural crop residues (rice straw, red pepper stems, soybean stems, and green perilla stems) and eight types of forest trees (pine stems, pine needles, ginkgo stems, ginkgo leaves, maple stems, maple leaves, cherry stems, and cherry leaves). The aerosol particles between 0.056 and $5.6{\mu}m$ in size were analyzed using a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI). In the current study, the Carbonaceous Thermal Distribution (CTD) by carbon analyzer was discussed in order to understand the carbon fractions from the twelve types of biomass burning. Also, the concentration of OC, EC, WSOC, and water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) detected in the emissions were described.