• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제3권
• /
• pp.46-58
• /
• 1997

This review article provides the trend of current nursing curriculum of todays in Korea and its perspectives. This article reviewed 5 aspects of the current nursing curriculum for the undergraduate program, those are the (1)educational philosophy and believes (2)the nursing concepts revealed in the current nursing curriculum (3)the educational goals and objectives (4)the framework of nursing curriculum (5)the syllabus and credit hours. The common nursing concepts in the current nursing curriculum are Nursing, Human being, Environment/society, Health, Nursing science. The examplary vertical concepts composing of the current nursing curriculum are nursing process, life styles and the horizontal concepts are client, health promotion /recovery /maintenance, leadership, and research. The common subjects composing of the nursing syllabus are the introductory subjects(nursing history, nursing professionalism, foundamental nursing), and the supportive subjects (communication, human relationship, human growth and development, health education, etc) and nursing research, the intrductory basic sciences (anatomy, physiology etc.), and the major nursing subjects (adult nursing, child nursing, maternity nursing, psychiatric nursng, community nursing, nursing administration.) In order to have more advanced nursing education, the suggestions were provided as follows : (1) It is necessary to have revision and evaluation of the process and the structure of the current nursing curriculum periodically. (2) The concept of health promotion for all human being should be integrated into the nursing curriculum. (3) The nursing education program should be unified into baccalauliate level to get one type of nurse-registration system. (4) The nursing courses will need to provide the necessary contemporary Informations to allow the nurses to fuction efficiently in this rapidly changing era. (5) The use of new technology in nursing education is necessary to expand nursing education more.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2001

From wood to coal and petroleum, mankind has used various fuel. Since using such fuel, mankind has developed power source of mechanism. We obtain numerous power from caloric force. Present energy supply is based on the fossil fuel. Fossil fuel has high energy density and is convenient for transportation and storage. Human being prepared countermeasure of energy economy, high energy efficiency and substitution energy for limits of fossil fuel. High energy efficiency among them is very important. This research will improve total output by physical exergy recovery of $LH_2$-fuel cell system.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 2006

A method determining the plasma concentration of clotiazepam was developed by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with an ion-trap detector and was validated for applying pharmacokinetics to human volunteers orally taken 5 mg dose of clotiazepam. The detection limit was 1 ng/ml and the limit of quantitation was 5 ng/mt. Intraday reproducibility and accuracy bias % were less than 8.2 and 10.2% with inter-day variations for those being within 7.0 and 13.8%, respectively. The recovery of clotiazepam was higher than 87%. The principal pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from the plasma concentration-time plot by non-compartmental or two-compartmental analysis. In non-compartmental analysis, the elimination half-life of 10.4 hr and the area under the curve of 651.3 ng hr/ml were determined, and the maximal concentration (158.6 ng/ml) in the plasma was obtained at 0.56 hr post-dose. The developed method can be appropriate to apply pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of clotiazepam.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2015

This study investigated the effects of persimmon-dyed clothing materials upon thermophysiological responses and subjective comfort sensations during exercise and rest in a warm environment. Six healthy, untrained women participated in two separate testing sessions, with cotton materials dyed with astringent persimmon extract (DC) and undyed cotton materials (UDC). The physical characteristics associated with heat and moisture transfer were improved in DC; also, stiffness, anti-drapery stiffness and crispness in the primary hand values were higher in DC. The experimental protocol consisted of a 10-min rest, 15-min exercise on a treadmill (at ${7km{\cdot}h^{-1}}$) and 25-min recovery at $28{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}3%\;RH$. The results were as follows: When wearing DC rather than UDC, mean body temperature, heart rate, heat storage and body mass loss were significantly lower during the whole experimental period. Clothing microclimate temperature showed different profiles between the two clothing materials, being lower with DC than UDC during the first half of exercise and the second half of recovery. Clothing microclimate humidity was significantly lower with DC than UDC during the whole experimental period. When wearing UDC, subjects felt significantly warmer and less comfortable during exercise, and sensed greater humidity during exercise and recovery. These results suggest that eco-friendly clothing materials dyed with astringent persimmon extract can reduce exercise-induced heat load and improve subjective sensations when exercising and resting in a warm environment, due to greater heat dissipation from the body to the outside environment compared with undyed clothing materials.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
• /
• 제11권spc호
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2005

신뢰가 건강에 관련되는 기제를 정신-신체 의학 또는 통합의학적인 관점에서 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 양자물리학, 심신의학 및 동양의 치유방법 등의 연구성과를 알아보고 건강과 행복을 추구하는 방법도 제시하였다. 먼저, 콴툼 구조적인 사람의 몸에 관한 절에서는, 신체에는 그 자신의 정신이 있다는 연구 결과들을 알아보았는데, 여기서는 질병의 메커니즘과 원인, 의식의 객관적인 경험으로서의 몸, 의식과 정보에 영향 받는 몸 등을 다루었다. 그 다음에, 심신의학의 연구결과들을 다루었는데, 여기서는 뇌를 변화시키는 생각, 플라시보와 기대의 힘, 적극적인 노력으로 성취되는 건강, 심리신경면역학 및 치료방법들을 알아보았다. 끝으로, 몸과 마음의 행복을 위한 Benson의 실천방법을 알아보았는데, 병에서 회복하고 건강해지는데는 신념(자신에 대한 신념, 의사에 대한 신념, 치료에 대한 신념 및 자신의 영적인 신념)이 무엇보다도 중요하다는 결론에 이르렀다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권50호
• /
• pp.423-452
• /
• 2018

인공지능의 미래 산업화 가능성을 인공지능 예술과 영화를 통해서 연구하였다. 인공지능 분야는 과거와 현재를 통해 인간을 모방하여 발전하고 있으므로 영화와 인공지능 예술에서 제시하는 미래상을 파악하는 것이 중요하다고 유추할 수 있을 것이다. 인간의 가치는 인공지능 영화와 예술에서 다르게 표현된다. 인공지능 영화와 예술은 각각 인간 가치의 외적인 면과 내적인 면에 관심을 가진다. 대체로 영화는 인간과 인공지능의 형체와 기능 등에서 서로 유사한 외형적인 측면을 바라보지만, 인공지능 예술은 인공지능 기술 발전에 기인한 인간의 소외와 소통의 부재에 대해 다룬다. 영화에서의 인공지능은 인공지능 기술에 대한 상상을 시각화하는 방향으로, 인공지능 예술에서는 기술을 활용하여 작품을 제작하여 구현하는 방식으로 발현된다. 오늘날 영화에서 상상력으로 보여준 인공지능의 미래는 기술적으로 실현되고 있다. 인공지능 예술은 주로 현재 기술을 통해 나타날 수 있는 인공지능 기술의 문제와 인공지능 기술발전에서 야기될 수 있는 인간적인 문제를 반영하고 있다. 영화와 인공지능 예술은 전반적으로 현재의 문제를 반영하고 있어 그것들을 통해 인공지능의 미래를 조망할 수 있을 것이다. 영화에서 살펴본 인공지능의 미래상은 인간의 편의를 제공하는 인공지능 서비스형태, 사이보그 인공지능 산업, 외골격 로봇과 외골격 슈트를 활용한 산업, 인공지능 비서 등의 산업이다. 인공지능 예술을 통해 인공지능 기술의 문제점과 인간의 가치문제의 관점으로 인공지능의 미래상을 고찰하면, 실수를 통해 생각하는 인공지능, 라이프로깅의 활용을 통해 자신과 소통하고, 반성적 사고를 통하여 소통의 실패를 만회하며, 인간적인 우연성을 통해 인공지능 예술가의 영역을 확장하는 형태 등이 있을 수 있다. 따라서 영화와 인공지능 예술을 통해 연구한 인공지능의 미래 산업화 가능성은 인간의 오감영역을 확장하는 산업, 인간의 부족한 신체 능력을 향상하는 산업, 인간의 신체적 능력을 향상하는 산업, 인간의 심리적 정신적 영역을 치유하는 산업이다.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.482-487
• /
• 2002

Carteolol은 국제올림픽위원회 (IOC)에서 금지약물로 규정하고 있는 ${\beta}$-차단제 중의 하나이다. 본 실험에서는 GC/MS를 사용하여 사람의 소변으로부터 carteolol의 복용여부를 확인하기 위한 검출방법 및 대사와 배설에 대해서 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 효소 가수분해방법과 산 가수분해방법을 비교하여 보았는데 효소가수분해방법이 더 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 효소 가수분해방법을 이용하여 실험한 결과 RSD 10%내외의 정밀도와 $0.05{\mu}g/m{\ell}$를 제외하고는 오차 5%이내의 좋은 정확도를 보여주었으며 회수율은 78.5%로 나타났다. Carteolol은 소변에서 대부분이 free carteolol과 conjugated carteolol로 존재하며 소량의 p-OH-carteolol로 대사됨을 알 수 있었으며 모 약물로 배출되는 양 중 conjugated form이 59.4%로 나타났다. 소변으로 배출된 carteolol의 양을 측정한 결과 복용양의 49%가 복용 후 72시간까지 모 약물로 배출됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 1992

Taking the present circumstances into account that we are approaching the realization stage of interchange and cooperation between North and South Korea through a preparatory stage, recovery of national homogeneity is an essential precondition for reunification. The important first Step is pursuing of recovery of educational homogeneity for this purpose. The authors carried out 8 general observation on the fundamental educational system with ideology, on the actual state and characteristic of educational system for industrial technicians, and especially on the educational system for fisheries technical manpower in the North Korea. It was found that the North Korea's basic idea of educational policy is constituted by bringing up the communistic human beings on the ground of "the Ideas of Identity" and by bringing up industrial technical manpower for development of communistic economic. The basic educational system consists of 1-4-6-4 school years system, and 11 years of compulsory education up to the higher middle schools is imposed to all people. The educational system for industrial technicians is also composed of the regular school system which is following the basic educational system and of the irregular school system which is being attached to the industrial bodies. The fisheries educational system is very similar to the general educational system for industrial technicians, and the fisheries workers are treated more warmly in comparison with the workers engaging in the other industrial fields. By this study, the authors failed to find out the concrete content of the fisheries educational system including the curriculum owing to the lack of information, but this task should be studied continuously to make provision of reunification in the near future. Expressly, a continuous and profound research is required to be carried out on actual accepted state of the international maritime conventions together with the marine officers' certification system for the shipping and fisheries fields in the North Korea.

• Asian Spine Journal
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.998-1009
• /
• 2018

Study Design: Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) from rat olfactory mucosa were cultured, characterized, and transplanted into a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Purpose: To evaluate different doses of OECs in a rat model of SCI. Overview of Literature: SCI causes permanent functional deficit because the central nervous system lacks the ability to perform spontaneous repair. Cell therapy strategies are being explored globally. The clinical use of human embryonic stem cell is hampered by ethical controversies. Alternatively, OECs are a promising cell source for neurotransplantation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of allogenic OEC transplantation in a rat model of SCI. Methods: OECs were cultured from the olfactory mucosa of Albino Wistar rats; these cells were characterized using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Rats were divided into five groups (n=6 rats each). In each group, different dosage ($2{\times}10^5$, $5{\times}10^5$, $10{\times}10^5$, and >$10{\times}10^5$) of cultured cells were transplanted into experimentally injured spinal cords of rat models. However, in the SCI group, only DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) was injected. Rats were followed up upto 8 weeks post-transplantation. The outcome of transplantation was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale; motor-evoked potential studies; and histological examination. Results: Cultured cells expressed 41% of p75NTR, a marker for OEC, and 35% of anti-fibronectin, a marker for olfactory nerve fibroblast. These cells also expressed $S100{\beta}$ and glial fibrillary acid protein of approximately 75% and 83%, respectively. All the transplanted groups showed promising BBB scores for hind-limb motor recovery compared with the SCI group (p<0.05). A motor-evoked potential study showed increased amplitude in all the treated groups compared with the SCI. Green fluorescent protein-labeled cells survived in the injured cord, suggesting their role in the transplantation-mediated repair. Transplantation of $5{\times}10^5$ cells showed the best motor outcomes among all the doses. Conclusions: OECs demonstrated a therapeutic effect in rat models with the potential for future clinical applications.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.437-443
• /
• 2005

A rapid, selective and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of a major metabolite of terfenadine, fexofenadine, in human serum was developed, validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of terfenadine. Fexofenadine and internal standard, haloperidol were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile and analyzed on a $Symmetry^{TM}$ C8 column with the mobile phase of 1% triethylamine phosphate (pH 3.7)-acetonitrile (67:33, v/v, adjusted to pH 5.6 with triethylamine). Detection wavelength of 230 nm for excitation, 280 nm for emission and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min were fixed for the study. The assay robustness for the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate was confirmed by $3^{3}$ factorial design using a fixed fexofenadine concentration (50 ng/mL) with respect to its peak area and retention time. In addition, the ruggedness of this method was investigated at three different laboratories using same quality control (QC) samples. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 10-500 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The lower limit of quantification using 0.5 mL of serum was 10 ng/mL, which was sensitive enough for the pharmacokinetic studies of terfenadine. The overall accuracy of the quality control samples ranged from 95.70 to 114.58% for fexofenadine with overall precision (% C.V.) being 3.53-14.39%. The relative mean recovery of fexofenadine for human serum was 90.17%. Stability studies (freeze-thaw, short-term, extracted serum sample and stock solution) showed that fexofenadine was stable during storage, or during the assay procedure in human serum. However, the storage at $-70^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks showed that fexofenadine was not stable. The peak area and retention time of fexofenadine were not significantly affected by the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate under the conditions studied. This method showed good ruggedness (within 15% C.V.) and was successfully used for the analysis of fexofenadine in human serum samples for the pharmacokinetic studies of orally administered Tafedine tablet (60 mg as terfenadine) at three different laboratories, demonstrating the suitability of the method.