• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2020

Background Ultrasonic dissection devices cause less thermal damage to the surrounding tissue than monopolar electrosurgical devices. We compared the effects of using an ultrasonic dissection device or an electrocautery device during prosthetic breast reconstruction on seroma development and short-term postoperative complications. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent implant-based reconstruction following mastectomy between March 2017 and September 2018. Mastectomy was performed by general surgeons and reconstruction by plastic surgeons. From March 2017 to January 2018, a monopolar electrosurgical device was used, and an ultrasonic dissection device was used thereafter. The other surgical methods were the same in both groups. Results The incidence of seroma was lower in the ultrasonic dissection device group than in the electrocautery group (11 [17.2%] vs. 18 [31.0%]; P=0.090). The duration of surgery, total drainage volume, duration of drainage, overall complication rate, surgical site infection rate, and flap necrosis rate were comparable between the groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of seroma development was significantly lower in the ultrasonic dissection device group than in the electrocautery group (odds ratio for electrocautery, 3.252; 95% confidence interval, 1.242-8.516; P=0.016). Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that the incidence of seroma can be reduced slightly by using an ultrasonic dissection device for prosthesis-based breast reconstruction. However, further randomized controlled studies are required to verify our results and to assess the cost-effectiveness of this technique.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

Background In East Asia, the foot is the most common site of cutaneous melanoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between cutaneous melanoma of the foot and melanomas of other sites. Methods We studied 52 patients who underwent surgical treatment for cutaneous melanoma of the foot from September 2000 to January 2015. Through a retrospective review of their medical records, we collected data relating to their sex, age, histopathological subtype, Clark level, tumor thickness, lymph node involvement, stage, and survival rate, and we compared these parameters to those of 61 patients treated for melanoma of other sites. Moreover, we analyzed the surgical procedures, complications, and mortality rates associated with cutaneous melanoma on various parts of the foot. Results Melanoma of the foot differed from other melanomas only in the histopathological subtype. Other clinical features, including survival rate, did not differ significantly between the two groups heel was the most common site of melanoma of the foot (22 cases, 42.3%). The method of reconstruction varied depending on the region involved. Conclusions A comparison of melanoma of the foot to other melanomas showed that melanoma of the foot was associated with a significantly different distribution of histological subtypes. Consistent with previous findings, we found that the acral lentiginous subtype was the most common among melanomas of the foot. Furthermore, in contrast with previous studies, we did not find a worse prognosis or lower survival rate for melanoma of the foot in comparison with other melanomas.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.2 s.70
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• pp.5-16
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• 2007

The main objective of our research is analyzing user's emotional changes while using a product, to reveal the influence of usability on human emotions. In this study we have extracted some emotional words that can come up during user interaction with a product and reveal emotional changes through three methods. Finally, we extracted 88 emotional words for measuring user's emotions expressed while using products. And we categorized the 88 words to form 6 groups by using factor analysis. The 6 categories that were extracted as a result of this study were found to be user's representative emotions expressed while using products. It is expected that emotional words and user's representative emotions extracted in this study will be used as subjective evaluation data that is required to measure user's emotional changes while using a product. Also, we proposed the effective methods for measuring user's emotion expressed while using a product in the environment which is natural and accessible for the field of design, by using the emotion mouse and the Eyegaze. An examinee performs several tasks with the emotion mouse through the mobile phone simulator on the computer monitor connected to the Eyegaze. While testing, the emotion mouse senses user's EDA and PPG and transmits the data to the computer. In addition, the Eyegaze can observe the change of pupil size. And a video camera records user's facial expression while testing. After each testing, a subjective evaluation on the emotional changes expressed by the user is performed by the user him/herself using the emotional words extracted from the above study. We aim to evaluate the satisfaction level of usability of the product and compare it with the actual experiment results. Through continuous studies based on these researches, we hope to supply a basic framework for the development of interface with consideration to the user's emotions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 2023

Background Hypothenar free flaps (HTFFs) have been widely used for reconstructing palmar defects. Although previous anatomical and clinical studies of HTFF have been conducted, this technique still has some limitations. In this study, we describe some tips for large flap design that allows for easy harvesting of HTFFs with minimal donor site morbidity. Methods A total of 14 HTFF for hand defect reconstruction were recorded. The oblique flap was designed in the proximal HT area following relaxed skin tension line along the axis between fourth web space and 10 mm ulnar side of pisiform. A flap pedicle includes one or two perforators with ulnar digital artery and HT branch of basilic vein. In addition, innervated HTFF can be harvested with a branch of ulnar digital nerve. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain data on patients' information, operative details, and follow-up period. In addition, surgical outcome score was obtained from the patient, up to 10 points, at the last follow-up. Results Mean harvest time was 46 minutes, and two perforators were included in 10 cases. The mean flap area was 10.84 cm². There were no problems such as donor site depression, scar contracture, keloids, wound dehiscence, numbness or neuroma pain at donor sites, and hypersensitivity or cold intolerance at flap site, either functionally or aesthetically. Conclusion Palmar defect reconstruction is challenging for hand surgeons. However, large HTFF can be harvested without complications using the oblique axis HTFF technique. We believe our surgical tips increase utility of HTFF for palmar defect reconstruction.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.293-302
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• 2000

Historical books are records of information using text and images and is one of the valuable cultural heritages of mankind. However, these books wear, tear and are damaged with time, so we are restricted in our usage of them for study or research. There are many libraries and museums around the world researching a method to digitize the historical books to prevent their collection from damage. Digitizing the historical books not only produce digital images but also a valuable high quality digital information. Digitizing process also keeps the original content of the historical books as well as add a value as research material as a bibliographical, artistic and archaeological item. Furthermore, its information would be provided through a network, like internet, to share and to promote more advanced studies. The purpose of this study is to examine the principles and method of digitization of historical books. This study also researches the meaning and problems of digitizing process for more effective usage.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.152-163
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• 2014

In this study, Gwanghanru Pavilion (Namwon-si, Cheonbuk Province) was dated by tree rings of pines (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc., 'sonamu' in Korean). The present Gwanghanru Pavilion is composed of three parts: main, wing and entrance parts. The main part is known to have been built in 1626 and the entrance hall in 1879, but the date of construction of the wing part is still unknown. We dated a total of 55 wood samples which were replaced during the repair process in 2001~2002. Tree-ring dates indicated that both main and wing parts were built in 1626. Tree rings also revealed that the entrance hall was constructed in 1880~1881, and both main and wing parts were heavily repaired together while appending the entrance hall. In conclusion, dendrochronology, i.e., tree-ring dating, was a useful and accurate method to identify the critical dates-such as the dates of original construction, reconstruction, repairs and extensions-for the history of Korean traditional buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2019

This study was conducted for the purpose of examining the Outstanding Universal Value, World Heritage Values, in Suzhou classical gardens and the operational method of the protection management of historic gardens, and the results of the study are as follows; The first, as a world heritage, Suzhou gardens proved OUV by showing the taste and lifestyle of the literati, the unique class of Chinese history, to the natural environment of the East Yangtze Delta region. In addition, it showed the exchange of international culture with unique Chinese garden techniques. Second, a authentic reconstruction of garden have original value because it exist records of the near past. The 20th-century archives described by the contemporary language and describing the heritage through images using such media as photography and drawing played a decisive role in restoring gardens. Third, the protection management of Suzhou gardens, which began in the 1950s, was carried out in detail, including the reconstruction of components such as buildings, the restoration of plant materials and horticulture technique, the creation of a list through the records of trees, the maintenance of props such as plaque, furniture, and the project to improve water quality and restore waterscape. The last, after the World Heritage inscribing, Garden's protection management was proceeded in two directions. One is that through the reorganization of the administrative management system and the enactment of laws related to Suzhou classical Gardens, the listing heritage is strictly protected and managed, and the other is that the historical gardens are used to establish urban masterplan and urban identity in Suzhou. The range of garden properties greatly expanded by distinguishing the principle of conservation from protection to rational use and the grade of protection, such as whole protection, maintenance protection and protection of historical sites.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2023

Seoul Boramae Park was opened on May 5, 1986, after the Republic of Korea Air Force Academy relocated to Cheongju City in 1985. This study aims to examine the birth and evolution of Seoul Boramae Park and diagnose the park's value being transformed from the former site of the Air Force Academy. Policy reports and newspaper data were analyzed as a research method, focusing on Seoul public records. The study results are as follows. First, Seoul Boramae Park is a large-scale park created before the policy for parks on relocated sites we enacted. Second, Seoul Boramae Park has historical value as an urban park where memories and traces of the Air Force Academy overlap. Third, Seou Boramae Park contributed to regional change by promoting the public value of parks created on the relocated sites with an urban planning method. Seoul Boramae Park has implications for Korean landscape history as a case of securing large green areas in Seoul and presenting its function and roles as a park created on a relocated site.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.7
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• pp.37-74
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• 2003

An Old document(Diploma) is a historical and unique record, so it must be collected, arranged, and preserved for research as soon as possible. Especially, for the effective use of the Old Document(Diploma), it is needed to arrange and describe the material systematically on the ground of modern archival theory. The Kyujanggak Archives in the Seoul National University has published 23 volumes of Old document(Diploma) material Old Document(Diploma). But they seem to cause the readers inconvenience, because the materials are classified and gathered only by genre, the titles or the orders of the materials are not standardized, and there is no description about the content of each Old document(Diploma). Jangseo-gak Library in The Academy of Korean Studies has also published the series of Old document(Diploma) material Old Document(Diploma) Collection. However the case is not different, since they are all mixed up with materials classified and gathered by genre, family, academy, or local school. And a great part of the materials have no titles and no description about the content of each Old document(Diploma), either. About the arrangement and description of the records, European and American archival science has established the theory of l)the principle of provenance, 2)the principle of original order, 3)levels of control, 4)collective description. These theories are valuable for the effective use of Old document(Diploma). On the viewpoint of the principle of provenance, Old document(Diploma) materials should not be classified by subject and genre, but by family and person. Then, the Old document(Diploma) materials, after collected by the unit of family or person on the viewpoint of the principle of provenance, should be arranged in their original order for more detailed arrangement and furthermore, for the work to find their relationship. This is so called the principle of original order. The hierarchical management of the Old document(Diploma) materials, for example, classifying by record group, sub-group, series, item and so on, is the concept of the levels of control, and comprehensive description of the each hierarchical structure is the concept of the collective description. Let's apply these archival theories to 34 pieces of the Chung, Man-Seok's material in the series of Old document(Diploma) material Old Document(Diploma). First, collect the Old document(Diploma) materials into Chung, Man-Seok's collection(the principle of provenance), which were scattered in the series classified by genre. Secondly, rearrange them chronologically(the principle of original order), and then we can find the comprehensive information about Chung, Man-Seok. For the hierarchical management of the Old document(Diploma) materials, we should establish a few concepts from the general, large group to specific, small item. The concepts can be organized as following; l)record group(Chung, Man-Seok record group) - 2)sub-group(personnel document, property document, family document, social activity document, political activity document, etc) - 3)series(gyoji-series, gyoseo-series, yuji-series etc. in the personnel document) - 4)folder(document with additions) - 5)item(one document). According to the the theory of the collective description, in the level of record group, there should be a collective description of Chung, Man-Seok's biography or a summary of record group. Similarly, there should be a collective description of a summary of sub-group in the level of sub-group and a summary of series in the level of series.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.65
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• pp.365-396
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• 2020

I examined the archival basis of two historians who wrote history books with the same title of 'History'; Simaqian of ancient China and Herodotus of Halikarnassos. I examined a prejudice to these two history books, a misunderstanding of them as an imagination rather than a history. How can an imagination become a history? First, I explained the common characteristics found in their compilation and writing of 'History.' Simaqian and Herodotus did their field-works in historical sites, gathered oral-histories, and arranged archives they collected. These two historians heavily engaged in archival works in terms of verifying authenticity and reliability of their sources on the basis of historical empiricism. There are some misunderstanding on their archival endeavor and on the very nature of archives and historical studies as empirical studies. Furthermore, this misunderstanding regarding them as literature came from a confusion over the concept of literature. The creativity of literature is not equal to the "fictitiousness" of history despite historical works sometimes may give us an impression by the way of describing and providing insight into a certain event(s) and a person(s). As Herodotus said, a recognition of the differences of each race and human is a departure of historical archiving of the valuable experiences of human-beings. By doing so, natural results of archival behaviors, preservation of the records, and consistent inquiry of historian-archivists become a humanistic passage overcoming the current wrong trends of historical studies confined to a narrow nation-history.