• 의료법학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.117-148
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• 2024

본 연구는 간호사의 전문적 업무에 대한 범규범과 임상 현실의 실제적 차이에서 오는 법적 혼란 문제를 외국의 사례와 비교함으로써 이를 비판적으로 고찰하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 간호사의 업무 확대의 역사적 배경을 비교하고, 주요 국가의 전문간호사 등의 자격 및 업무에 대한 법적 근거 등을 살펴본 후, 이를 기초로 우리 법제의 발전 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 연구 방법은 비교 제도론적 연구 방법을 적용하였다. OECD 국가 중 미국, 호주, 일본을 선정하여 그 전문간호사 등에 관한 법제를 비교하였다. 미국, 호주, 일본 등에서 간호사의 전문적인 업무는 고령화 사회, 만성 질환, 의사 부족 등으로 인한 의료환경의 변화에 의해 출현하였다. 이들의 전문적인 업무에 관한 법적 근거, 자격인정 및 자격인정제도의 발전과 그 업무 범위 등을 비교하여 살펴보았다. 한국은 미국 등 외국과 비교하여 아직 법적 근거가 부재하며, 전문간호사 등의 업무 범위에 관한 법원의 입장과 실제 업무 간의 격차를 좁히지 못하고 있다. 비교법적 검토를 통해 전문간호사 등에 관하여 한국 실정에 맞는 법안 마련과 업무 범위 개발에 대한 시사점을 줄 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2024

최근 이상기후로 인한 급경사지 붕괴 위험이 증가되고 있으며, 급경사지 붕괴 위험의 사전 예측 및 경보 전파가 이루어지지 않아 인명과 재산 피해가 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 급경사지의 상태를 평가하기 위해 IoT 센서와 AI 기반 카메라를 융합한 급경사지 분석 시스템을 개발하였다. 시스템을 개발하기 위하여 급경사지 지반조건을 고려한 계측센서 하드웨어 및 펌웨어 설계, AI 기반 영상 분석 알고리즘 설계, 그리고 예·경보 솔루션 및 시스템 제작을 수행하였다. IoT 센서의 데이터와 AI 카메라 영상 분석을 통해 센서 데이터의 오차를 최소화하고, 데이터의 신뢰성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 또한 실제 급경사지에 적용하여 정확도(신뢰도)를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 센서 계측 오류는 0.1° 이내로 유지되었으며 계측 데이터의 전송률은 95%이상이었다. AI 기반의 영상 분석 시스템은 야간에도 부분 인식률 99%의 높은 성능을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과는 다양한 사회간접자본(SOC) 시설의 급경사지 상태 분석 및 스마트 유지관리 분야에도 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.302-314
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• 2024

연구목적: 본 연구는 지하공동구 내 다수 작업자의 낙상을 자동으로 판별하기 위한 Top-down 방식의 딥러닝 자세 추정 모델 기반 낙상 검출 모델을 제안하고, 제안 모델의 성능을 평가한다. 연구방법: Top-down 방식의 자세 추정모델 중 하나인 YOLOv8-pose로부터 추론된 결과와 낙상 판별 규칙을 결합한 모델을 제시하고, 지하공동구 내 2인 이하 작업자가 출현한 기립 및 낙상 이미지에 대해 모델 성능지표를 평가하였다. 또한 동일한 방법으로 Bottom-up 방식 자세추정모델(OpenPose)을 적용한 결과를 함께 분석하였다. 두 모델의 낙상 검출 결과는 각 딥러닝 모델의 작업자 인식 성능에 의존적이므로, 작업자 쓰러짐과 함께 작업자 존재 여부에 대한 성능지표도 함께 조사하였다. 연구결과: YOLOv8-pose와 OpenPose의 모델의 작업자 인식 성능은 F1-score 기준으로 각각 0.88, 0.71로 두 모델이 유사한 수준이었으나, 낙상 규칙을 적용함에 따라 0.71, 0.23로 저하되었다. 작업자의 신체 일부만 검출되거나 작업자간 구분을 실패하여, OpenPose 기반 낙상 추론 모델의 성능 저하를 야기한 것으로 분석된다. 결론: Top-down 방식의 딥러닝 자세 추정 모델을 사용하는 것이 신체 관절점 인식 및 개별 작업자 구분 측면에서 지하공동구 내 작업자 낙상 검출에 효과적이라 판단된다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.32-43
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• 2009

信任在心理学, 经济学, 社会学中已被广泛研究, 其重要性不仅在市场营销中被强调, 在一般商业原则中也被强调. 供应商和买家之间的关系与过去不同, 过去的关系需要相当大的私人网络优势, 并可能涉及不道德的商业行为. 而在以工业营销成功的为核心的二十一世纪激烈的全球竞争中, 供应商和买家之间的关系是伙伴关系. 在相互合作的高级别信任的基础上, 通过交换的关系, 这会给买家和供应商带来长期的利益, 竞争力增强和交易成本的降低以及其他福利. 尽管现有的研究有信任的重要性, 但是在购买与供应关系中却忽视了信任的作用, 也没有系统地分析信任对关系的影响. 因此, 深入研究, 确定买家和商业服务供应商之间信任和关系绩效之间的联系是绝对需要的. 本研究中的商业服务, 包括那些支持制造业, 正作为下一代经济增长的引擎而吸引着人们的注意. 韩国政府已选择其作为制造业发展的战略领域. 由于商业服务开放市场的需求日趋激烈, 商业服务业的竞争力应该比以往得到更多的提倡. 本研究的目的是探索相互信任对买家和供应商之间的关系绩效的影响. 具体来说, 本研究在商业服务交易中提出了一个关于信任-关系绩效的理论模型, 并实证检验根据模型而提出的假设. 这项研究表明, 研究结果有战略意义. 本研究通过多种方法收集经验数据. 这些方法包括通过电话, 邮件和面试. 作为样本的公司是在韩国供应和购买商业服务的以知识为本的公司. 本研究收集的是二进的基础数据. 每个样本公司对包括购买公司及其相应的供应公司. 并跟踪调查每个公司对的相互信任. 本研究为商业服务的买卖双方提出了信任-关系绩效的模型. 该模型由信任和它的前因和后果. 买家的信任分为对供应公司的信任和对销售人员的信任. 根据Doney 和Cannon (1997)的研究我们在个人水平和组织水平上观察信任. 通常情况下, 买方是信任的受体, 但这项研究我们建议以供应商为观察受体. 因此, 它独特的关注了双边角度的知觉风险. 换言之, 供应商和买家一样, 是信任的主体, 因为交易通常是双边的. 从这个角度来看, 供应商对买家信任和买方对供货商的信赖一样重要. 供应商的信任从某种程度上受它信任的买方公司和买家的影响. 这种使用个人水平和组织水平的信任分类是根据Doney 和Cannon (1997)的研究. 信任影响供应商的选择, 这是一项双向放的工作. 供应商们积极参与供应商选择过程中, 和买家密切的一起工作. 此外, 该过程从某种程度上受每一方信任的合作伙伴的影响. 挑选过程包括一些步骤: 识别, 信息检索, 供应商选择和绩效评价. 作为这一进程的结果, 买家和供应商都进行绩效评估, 并就这些结果为基础, 采取有形或无形的纠正行动. 本研究中使用的关于信任的测量问项是根据Mayer, Davis 和 Schoorman (1995) 以及Mayer和Davis (1999)的研究发展起来的. 根据他们的建议, 有关信任的三个方面的研究包括有能力, 善和完整. 根据商业服务这个背景我们调整了原来的问题. 例如, 如 "他/她的专业能力" 已被改为 "当我们讨论我们的产品时销售人员表现出专业能力. "这项研究使用的测量问项不同于在以往的研究中使用的问项（Rotter 1967; Sullivan和Peterson 1982; Dwyer和Oh 1987. 本研究中有关信任的前因后果的测量问项是根据Doney和Cannon (1997)的研究为基础制定的. 根据商业服务这个背景我们调整了原来的问题. 特别是, 问题被设计为对买家和供应商以解决下列因素: 信誉 (诚信, 客户服务, 良好意愿), 市场地位 (公司规模, 市场份额, 在行业中的地位), 愿意定制（产品, 过程, 交付), 信息共享(专有信息, 个人信息), 愿意保持良好关系, 认为专业, 权威授权, 买方与卖方的相似性, 以及接触频率. 作为信任相应的变量, 我们对关系绩效进行了测试. 关系绩效分为有形的影响, 无形影响, 和副作用. 有形的影响包括财务业绩;无形的影响, 包括关系的改善, 网络开发, 以及内部员工的满意度;副作用包括既不是有形影响也不是无形影响的影响. 我们联系了350对公司, 105对公司答复了我们. 由于不完整我们删除了5对公司, 105对公司被用于数据分析. 用于数据分析的回应率为30%(三百五十零分之一百零五), 高于工业营销的平均回复比率. 至于回复的公司的特点, 大多数的公司运作的商业服务既为买方(85.4%)也为供应商(81.8%). 大部分买家是做消费品贸易(76%), 而供应商的大部分(70%)是做工业品贸易. 这可能意味着买家的过程是购入材料, 部件和组件从而生产消费品成品. 正如他们对他们与合作伙伴关系的长度的报告表示, 供应商比买家有更长的商业关系. 假设1测试买方-供应方特点对信任的影响. 销售人员的专业度(t=2.070, p<0.05)和权威授权(t=2.328, p<0.05)积极影响买方对供应方的信任. 另一方面, 权威授权(t=2.192, p<0.05)积极影响供应方对买方的信任. 对买方和供应方来说, 权威授权的程度对保持对彼此的信任有关键作用. 假设2测试买卖双方关系特点对信任的影响. 买家倾向于信任供应方, 因为供应方总是尽全力联系买方(t=2.212, p<0.05)这种倾向性在供应方方面也表现得很强(t=2.591, p<0.01). 另一方面, 供应商对买方的信任是由于供应商感知买家与自己的相似性(t=2.702, p<0.01). 这一发现证实了Crosby, Evans, 和Cowles(1990)的研究结果. 他们的结果表明供应方和买方通过商务或私务的定期会议来建立彼此的联系. 假设3测试信任对感知风险的影响. 结果表明无论对买方还是供应方, 信任越低, 感知风险就越大(买方: t =-6.621, p<0.01; 供应方: t=-2.437, p<0.05). 有趣的是, 这一趋势已被证明对买方更强. 这种较高水平的感知风险的一个可能的解释是在商业服务交易中买方通常比供应方感知到更大的风险. 为此, 有必要对供应商对买方实施减少风险的战略. 假设4测试信任对信息搜集. 根据结果, 对供应方和买方, 与预期相反, 信任取决于他们合作伙伴的名誉(买方t=2.929, p<0.01; 供应方t=2.711, p<0.05). 这一发现表明, 具有良好信誉的供应商往往是可信的. 以往的经验并没有显示出任何与买家或供应商信任的重要关系. 假设5测试信任对供应方/买方选择的影响. 与买方不同, 当供应方认为以往与买方的交易重要时, 供应方倾向信任买方(t=2.913 p<0.01). 但是, 本研究并没有现实资源忠诚和买方对供应方的信任之间有显著关系. 假设6测试的是信任对关系绩效的影响. 对买方和供应方, 当财务表现被报告提高时, 他们比较信任他们的合作伙伴(买方: t=2.301, p<0.05;供应方: t=3.692, p<0.01). 有趣的是, 这种趋势在供应方比较明显. 类似的, 当竞争力被报告提高时, 买卖双方比较信任他们的合作伙伴(买方t=3.563, p<0.01 ; 供应方t=3.042, p<0.01). 对供应方来说, 当对买方信任时效率和生产力会提高(t=2.673, p<0.01). 其他绩效指标与信任没有显著关系. 这项研究结果有一定的战略意义. 首先和最重要的是, 以信任为基础的交易对供应商和买家而言都是有益的. 根据研究证实, 通过努力建立和保持相互信任可以使财务表现提高. 同样, 可以通过同样的努力提高竞争力. 第二, 以信任为基础的交易能够减少购买情况中的感知风险. 这对供应商和买家都有启示. 人们普遍认为, 在一个高度参与的采购情况中买家感知到更高的风险. 为了减少风险, 以往的研究已建议供应商制定降低风险的策略. 而本研究的特点是从双边角度关注知觉风险. 换言之, 供应商也容易存在风险, 特别是当他们提供的服务, 需要非常先进的技术, 操作和维护. 因此, 购买者和供应商必须一起密切合作解决问题. 因此, 相互信任在问题解决过程中起着关键作用. 第三, 在这项研究中发现, 销售人员有更多的授权, 他或她越被信任. 这一发现从战术角度看是非常重要的. 建立信任是一个长期的任务, 然而, 当互信尚未开发, 供应商能够通过授权销售人员做出某些决定来克服遇到的问题, 这一结论也适用于供应商.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2014

기술이전 사업화에 대한 관심은 국내뿐만 아니라 세계적으로 확대되고 있는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구는 기술이전 사업화에 대한 개념의 고찰 및 기술이전 사업화를 가속화시키기 위하여 고려되어야 할 촉진요인을 도출하여 실증적인 분석을 실시하였다. 기존의 기술이전 사업화의 경우 그 범주에 대한 정의에 있어 기술 발굴, 기술의 이전 및 그에 따른 사업화의 범주로 국한시키는 경향이 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기술이전 사업화에 대하여'무형의 축적된 기술 노하우 지식 등 지적재산 또는 특정 목표를 달성하기 위하여 시행된 기술개발이 기술이전 당사자 간의 계약 협상 등을 통하여 이전되어 무형의 기술이 유형의 상품으로 제품화되는 활동 및 그에 따른 경제적 이익을 획득하는 제반 활동'으로 그 범주를 확장하여 정의하였다. 또한, 기술이전 사업화에 대한 실증분석 결과를 살펴보면, 현재까지는 기술이전 사업화를 가속화시킴에 있어 대상 기술, 대상 기술에 대한 관리, 기술이전 사업화에 대한 제도 및 관련 조직의 효율성 확보에 초점이 맞춰져 있으며, 기술사업화 단계에 있어 금융지원에 대해서는 상대적으로 인식이 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기존의 기술이전 사업화에 대한 관점이 기술이전과 기술사업화에 따른 특허등록 출원, 기술이전 건수, 기술료 등의 정량적 성과에 초점이 맞춰져 있어, 상대적으로 기술이전 사업화를 통한 기술창업, 양질의 고용창출 등 창조경제 실현과 직결된 경제적 성과 창출에는 다소 인식이 미흡한 현 상황을 반영한 결과로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구는 기술이전 사업화가 단순히 정량적 성과를 확보하기 위한 수단에 그치는 것이 아니라, 기술이전 사업화 주체들의 안정적인 생태계 조성 및 그에 따른 창조경제를 실현할 수 있는 환경 구축에 보다 관심을 갖아야 한다는 인식 전환의 필요성을 도출했다는 점에서 향후 기술이전 사업화의 활성화 방안 마련 등의 정책자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.125-150
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• 2009

RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) is a wireless frequency of recognition technology that can be used to recognize, trace, and identify people, things, and animals using radio frequency(RF). RFID will bring about many changes in manufacturing and distributions, among other areas. In accordance with the increasing importance of RFID techniques, great advancement has been made in RFID studies. Initially, the RFID research started as a research literature or case study. Recently, empirical research has floated on the surface for announcement. But most of the existing researches on RFID adoption have been restricted to a dichotomous measure of 'adoption vs. non-adoption' or adoption intention. In short, RFID research is still at an initial stage, mainly focusing on the research of the RFID performance, integration, and its usage has been considered dismissive. The purpose of this study is to investigate which factors are important for the RFID adoption and implementation with organizational resources. In this study, the organizational resources are classified into either finance resources or IT knowledge resources. A research model and four hypotheses are set up to identify the relationships among these variables based on the investigations of such theories as technological innovations, adoption stage, and organizational resources. In order to conduct this study, a survey was carried out from September 27, 2008 until October 23, 2008. The questionnaire was completed by 143 managers and workers from physical distribution and manufacturing companies related to the RFID in South Korea. 37 out of 180 surveys, which turned out unfit for the study, were discarded and the remaining 143(adoption stage 89, implementation stage 54) were used for the empirical study. The statistics were analyzed using Excel 2003 and SPSS 12.0. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the adoption stage shows that perceived benefits, standardization, perceived cost savings, environmental uncertainty, and pressures from rival firms have significant effects on the intent of the RFID adoption. Further, the implementation stage shows that perceived benefits, standardization, environmental uncertainty, pressures from rival firms, inter-organizational cooperation, and inter-organizational trust have significant effects on the extent of the RFID use. In contrast, inter-organizational cooperation and inter-organizational trust did not show much impact on the intent of RFID adoption while perceived cost savings did not significantly affect the extent of RFID use. Second, in the adoption stage, financial issues had adverse effect on both inter-organizational cooperation and the intent against the RFID adoption. IT knowledge resources also had a deterring effect on both perceived cost savings and the extent of the RFID adoption. Third, in the implementation stage, finance resources had a moderate effect on environmental uncertainty and extent of RFID use while IT knowledge resources had also a moderate effect on perceived cost savings and the extent of the RFID use. Limitations and future research issues can be summarized as follows. First, it is difficult to say that the sample is large enough to be representative of the population. Second, because the sample of this study was conducted among manufacturers only, it may be limited in analyzing fully the effect on the industry as a whole. Third, in consideration of the fact that the organizational resources in the RFID study require a great deal of researches, this research may deem insufficient to fulfill the purpose that it initially set out to achieve. Future studies using performance research are, therefore, needed to help better understand the organizational level of the RFID adoption and implementation.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.122-140
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to understand and to predict the determinent factors affecting the exercise behaviors and physical fitness by testing the Pender's revised health promotion model, and to help the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis perform the continous exercise program, and to help them maximize the physical effect such as muscle strength, endurance, and functional status and mental effects including self efficacy and quality of life, and improve the physical and mental well being, and to provide a basis for the nursing intervention strategies. Of the selected variables in this study, the endogenous variables included the physical fitness, exercise score, exercise participation, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue) and the exogenous variables included personal sociocultural factor(education level), personal biologic factor(body mass index), personal psychologic factor(perceived health status) and prior related behavior factors(previous participation in exercise, life-style). We analyzed the clinical records of 208 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis who visited the outpatient clinics at H university hospital in Seoul. Data were composed of self reported qustionnaire and good of fitness score which were obtained by padalling the ergometer of bicycle for 9 minutes. SPSS Win 8.0 and Window LISREL 8.12a were used for statistical analysis. Of 75 hypothetical paths that influence on physical fitness, exercise participation, exercise score, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue), 40 were supported. The physical fitness was directly influenced by life-style, perceived health status, education level, family support, fatigue, which explained 12% of physical fitness. The exercise participation were directly influenced by life-style, education level, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action, depression and duration of arthritis, which explained 47% of exercise participation. Exercise score were directly affected by perceived self efficacy. BMI, life-style, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, family support, perceived health status. perceived barriers of action, and fatigue, which explained 70%. Perceived benefits of action was directly influenced by BMI, life-style, which explained 39%. Perceived barriers of action were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, perceived health status, which explained 7%. Perceived self efficacy were directly influeced by level of education, perceived health status, life-style, which explained 57%. Depression were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, BMI, life-style, which explained 27%. Family support were directly influeced by life-style, perceived health status, which explained 29%. Fatigue were directly influeced by BMI, life-style, perceived health status. which explained 41%. Duration of arthritis were directly influeced by life-style, past exercise behavior, BMI, which explained 6%. In conclusion, important variables for physical fitness were life-style, and variable affecting exercise participation were life-style. Perceived self-efficacy of exercise was a significant predictor of exercise score. BMI, Life-style, perceived benefits of action, family support, past exercise behavior showed direct effects on perceived self-efficacy. Therefore, disease related factor should be minimized for physical performance and well being in nursing intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and plans to promote and continue exercise should be seeked to reduce disability. In addition, Exercise program should be planned and performed by the exact evaluation of exercise according to the ability of the patients and the contents to improve the importance of exercise and self efficacy in self control program, dedicated educational program should be involved. This study suggest that the methods to reduce the disease related factors, the importance of daily life-style, recognition of benefit of exercise, and educational program to promote self efficacy should be considered in the exercise behavior promotion and nursing intervention for continous performance. The significance of this study is also thought to provide patients with chronic arthritis the specific data for maximal physical and mental well being through exercise, chronic therapeutic procedure, daily adaptation and confrontation in nursing intervention.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 1998

The purpose of this thesis is to study theoretical access to the methods that have been used for the research of occupational stress, thereby providing management methods of occupational stress of hospital workers. With a stress model of hospital workers set up from the viewpoint of organization management, 929 sets of questionnaires were collected from intern doctors, resident doctors, nurses, nursing aides, pharmacists, medical technicians, workers in patient affairs(reception and medical insurance workers), administrators and clerks from the 8 hospitals in Seoul with more than 500 beds. Upon variance analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis of the collected questionnaires, this work examined how differences in stress caused by specific occupations and formulated a method of stress management for the hospital workers. The results are as follows. 1) If some duties of the nurses suffering from role-overloaded stress are transferred to the nursing aides dissatisfied with insufficient role, the two grunting groups can be satisfied at the same time. It is also necessary to transfer some jobs of the overloaded workers in patient affairs to the administrators, or the other way around. To reduce stress of conflict and ambiguity of role caused by the obscure division of roles between the workers, the role of each occupation should be delineated and the clear division of roles should be translated into action strictly according to that delineated. 2) Stress of inefficiency of organization from which the student doctors suffer can be relieved by management of participation. If they have access to the process of decision-making in general hospital affairs and consequently their understanding and the autonomy of job performance are promoted, such stress will be reduced. 3) To cope with stress of career development from which nurses, medical technicians, administrators, workers in patient affairs suffer, it is necessary to establish whether they have a chance to revive their careers, whether there are any ways of remotivation for less contributive workers, and whether they encourage each other to develope their careers. If they are given a chance to develope their careers, such stress will be relieved. 4) Pharmacists, suffering from stresses of living and personal relations, have strong cohesive power among themselves and organize a well-integrated team; thereby reducing the stress of personal relations and increasing productivity. 5) For administrators and student doctors confined to lesser social supports and for nurses and workers in patient affairs whose recognition of stress and job satisfaction are affected by social supports, emotional and informational supports for job performance help alleviate an individual's mental, and physical stress. 6) In addition to the above-mentioned stress-management methods, if an organizational coping strategy is provided according to the types of stress from the general viewpoint of the whole group of hospital workers, it would be of great help to managing stress. For example, the redesign of jobs, the management of objective, the improvement of working environment, the formation of an autonomous working group and various working plans can be set up for those who suffer from stress related to inappropriate role, while career counseling and development of career process can be provided for those dissatisfied with career development. Participation in the process of decision-making and the restructuring of the organization are needed for those who suffer from stress of malfunctioning organization, whereas creation of a supportive organizational atmosphere is desired for those who feel stressed due to personal relations. As well, such organizational coping strategies. as the increase of welfare facilities, seminars and educational programs and provision of health-promotion facilities can be provided.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.201-218
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine how dentists perceived dental coordinators including their education, hiring criteria, working condition and job. It's basically attempted to help define the job and role of 5 and to suggest how they should be nurtured. The subjects in this study were dentists at dental hospitals and clinics where dental coordinators were employed among approximately 200 dental institutions in Seoul, Cyeonggi province and Incheon. After a survey was conducted in June 2005, answer sheets from 99 respondents were analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Regarding education for dental coordinators, 99.9% of the dentists investigated felt the need for separate education programs for dental coordinators, 42.4% knew what would-be dental coordinators learned about, and 81.8% considered it necessary for them to take intermediate or higher courses. An organization affiliated with the Korea Dental Hygienists Association was viewed as the best institute to educate dental coordinators, and educational institutes that included a department of dental hygiene was looked upon as the second best one. 68.7% believed that dental coordinators should take an official examination to test their qualifications, and concerning educational subsidy, the largest group of the dentists thought that a certain amount of subsidy should be provided. 2. As for coordinator hiring, the top priority was the impression(look) of applicants(55%), followed by adjustability to existing employees(24.5%) and professional competency(17.3%). As to the route of hiring, 41.4 percent, the largest group, reeducated some of existing employees, and dental hygienists were regarded as the best personnels to serve as a coordinator. Concerning job performance, they put the most emphasis on interpersonal relationship, which was followed by executive ability, impression and career, 58.6% the largest group, believed that dental coordinators should have a three-year or higher career to work at a dental institute. 3. As to working conditions, 75.7%, the largest group, paid dental coordinators based on their job performance, and 23.2%, the second largest group, had their pay equal to that of dental hygienists, 88.9% allowed them to determine their own retirement age. 4. In regard to their perception of dental coordinators, the largest number of the dentists considered it necessary for them to keep receiving education(4.29), and the second largest group felt that they served to enhance the image of dental institutes(4.18). The third largest group thought that they contributed to letting patients more satisfied with the quality of dental services. But they tended not to agree that their turnover rate was low(3.04), and they didn't find them to receive appropriate education, either(3.10). 5. The current major job of coordinators associated with customer services was handling appointments with customers(91.9%), treating unsatisfied customers(85.9%), and controling waiting time(84.8%). Regarding self-management, coordinators directed their energy into having good manners(89.9%), acquiring fundamental dental knowledge(84.8%), and learning how to treat customers(83.8%). Concerning hospital affairs handling, they were most responsible for information desk(87.9%), which was followed by receiving(86.9%). As a result of investigating what type of job the dentists hoped dental coordinators to fulfill in consideration of their career, their age and type of investment, the dentists wanted them the most to speak a foreign language, which belonged to the field of self-management.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.493-500
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 다각형 용기의 품질 향상을 위한 딥러닝 구조 개발을 제안한다. 딥러닝 구조는 convolution 층, bottleneck 층, fully connect 층, softmax 층 등으로 구성된다. Convolution 층은 입력 이미지 또는 이전 층의 특징 이미지를 여러 특징 필터와 convolution 3x3 연산하여 특징 이미지를 얻어 내는 층이다. Bottleneck 층은 convolution 층을 통해 추출된 특징 이미지상의 특징들 중에서 최적의 특징들만 선별하여 convolution 1x1 ReLU로 채널을 감소시키고convolution 3x3 ReLU를 실시한다. Bottleneck 층을 거친 후에 수행되는 global average pooling 연산과정은 convolution 층을 통해 추출된 특징 이미지의 특징들 중에서 최적의 특징들만 선별하여 특징 이미지의 크기를 감소시킨다. Fully connect 층은 6개의 fully connect layer를 거쳐 출력 데이터가 산출된다. Softmax 층은 입력층 노드의 값과 연산을 진행하려는 목표 노드 사이의 가중치와 곱을 하여 합하고 활성화 함수를 통해 0~1 사이의 값으로 변환한다. 학습이 완료된 후에 인식 과정에서는 학습 과정과 마찬가지로 카메라를 이용한 이미지 획득, 측정 위치 검출, 딥러닝을 활용한 비원형 유리병 분류 등을 수행하여 비원형 유리병을 분류한다. 제안된 다각형 용기의 품질 향상을 위한 딥러닝 구조의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 공인시험기관에서 실험한 결과, 양품/불량 판별 정확도 99%로 세계최고 수준과 동일한 수준으로 산출되었다. 검사 소요 시간은 평균 1.7초로 비원형 머신비전 시스템을 사용하는 생산 공정의 가동 시간 기준 내로 산출되었다. 따라서 본 본문에서 제안한 다각형 용기의 품질 향상을 위한 딥러닝 구조의 성능의 그 효용성이 입증되었다.