• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.280-286
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• 1987

A new method is presented for obtaining redced-order model for time-invariant systems. This method does not require the calculation of the reciprocal transformation, the alpha table, the beta-table and the alpha-beta expansion which should be calculated in Routh approximation method, hence it is computationally very attractive better than Routh approximation method, furthemore the stability of the reduced-order model is guaranted if the original system is stable. This method starts with the continued fraction espansion of auxiliary denominator polynomial give for the denominator polynomial of the reduced-order model. The coefficients of the numerator polynomial are then obtained by equating moment of the original and the reduced-order medel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.134-148
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• 2008

Methods of delivering products to consumers do not act as less important factor than creative activities to create new product designs. Mobilizing various psychological elements based on human instinct and desire, fashion industry presents a product as an object of envy, gaining viewers' attention. Here, the viewer does not simply take the product as an object to view, but also imagine transformation it will bring. The study of the cause and effects of the interaction, which is found in the relationship between "the viewer" and "what is viewed" is an important factor that needs to be identified in the phase of creation as well as in the aspect of delivery. The relationship between the perceiver and what is perceived features in designs, product advertisements, related articles, and fashion shows in modern fashion, serving as a medium that enables the humans, who must inevitably exist between the two poles such as mind and body, the subject and the object, the ego and non-ego, and the reality and an ideal, to communicate between the poles. Humans cannot do arbitrary acts or make arbitrary selections only as they access to foreign things through instinct, desire, or experienced perception, and they are sometimes positioned passive by things. In the background, as there are human dual characteristics in which they are expressed as the ego and another ego who exists inside of the ego, they not only view an object, but also become an object to be viewed. Many products in modern fashion, as the objects of reciprocal transposition, grow giving illusions to humans. Having a desire for such objects is human's instinct and normal act to keep the life balanced between the reality and an ideal, which is based on the activation of reality function. Furthermore, freely acting rather than ignoring or overcoming the desire may be the act of retrieving one's ownership to the ego.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.70
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• pp.267-302
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• 2022

Digital transformation, which is accelerating in each area of society due to the COVID-19 pandemic, is also having a profound effect on Christian education. A representative example of digital transformation is the emergence of a digital world called the metaverse. This study understands the metaverse as an expanded space for Christian education and explores digital storytelling as a method for faith formation. It is argued that the characteristics of digital storytelling through metaverse spaces are characterized by interactivity, agency, audiovisuality, sociality, and openness, and that modification through Christian educational frames is necessary in order for this approach to be appropriated to Christian educational practice. To this end, this study examines Anne Wimberly's story-linking approach, and Mary Hess' approach on digital storytelling, which is understood as a way of faith formation for the liberation and Christian vocation through storytelling in a digital space, focusing on authority, authenticity, and agency. It is argued that Christian education on the Metaverse should be a place for change in the Christian life and formation of vocation, and a space where participants' active responses to God's grace be practiced in a digital space in a reciprocal way. This means that learners are encouraged to participate in expressive and relational education that is practiced in the form of play and creation, responding to God's initiative in the metaverse. This study argues that for digital storytelling through the metaverse to become a process of faith formation, it is necessary to connect stories of participants with the story of God's Kingdom in the expanded digital world, aim for a reciprocal space through hospitality and listening, and promote immersive participation and holistic reflection.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2024

The dispute between SK and Netflix, which has been going on for more than three years, ended in the direction of dropping the lawsuit and establishing a cooperative relationship between the two companies. However, as Internet traffic usage is likely to increase further in the future due to digital transformation and activation of generated AI, conflicts between domestic mobile carriers and global CP operators over network usage fees can arise at any time. In this study, the issues of the dispute related to network usage fees that occurred between SK and Netflix were examined, and different implications were drawn for each issue. The cost and scope of network usage considerations are an issue that must be determined entirely by negotiations between operators. However, if a dispute occurs between operators, user damage such as speed delays may occur, so it is necessary to prepare a policy alternative. As the domestic media industry has grown cooperatively with global CPs, it is considered important to form a reciprocal relationship between domestic mobile telecommunication operators and global CP operators regarding network usage fees in the future.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.397-406
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• 1999

A new solution procedure for approximate reanalysis, using the staged hybrid methods with substructuring, is proposed in this study. Displacements are calculated with two step mixed procedures. First step is to introduce the conservative approximation, which is a hybrid form of the linear and reciprocal approximation, as local approximation. In the next step, it is combined with the global approximation by reduced basis approach. Stresses are evaluated from the displacements by matrix transformation. The quality of reanalyzed quantities can be greatly improved through these staged hybrid approximations, specially for large changes in the design. Overall procedures are based on substructuring scheme. Several numerical examples illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed methods.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1446-1452
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• 2014

Existing LDA uses the transform matrix that maximizes distance between classes. So we have to convert from an image to one-dimensional vector as training vector. However, in 2D-LDA, we can directly use two-dimensional image itself as training matrix, so that the classification performance can be enhanced about 20% comparing LDA, since the training matrix preserves the spatial information of two-dimensional image. However 2D-LDA uses same calculation schema for transformation matrix and therefore both LDA and 2D-LDA has the heteroscedastic problem which means that the class classification cannot obtain beneficial information of spatial distances of class clusters since LDA uses only data correlation-based covariance matrix of the training data without any reference to distances between classes. In this paper, we propose a new method to apply training matrix of 2D-LDA by using WPS-LDA idea that calculates the reciprocal of distance between classes and apply this weight to between class scatter matrix. The experimental result shows that the discriminating power of proposed 2D-LDA with weighted between class scatter has been improved up to 2% than original 2D-LDA. This method has good performance, especially when the distance between two classes is very close and the dimension of projection axis is low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to enhance efficiency and tide measurement of the bathymetry survey based on the DGPS techniques which is becoming popular today due to a lot of benefits using the GPS. And according to the result of this research, choice and interpolation were possible with the most optimum method according to the various mathematical regressive equations as linear, parabolic, polynomic, reciprocal, hyperbolic, logarithmic and Gaussian functions. And the height of ground surface is easily calculated by 2D+1D transformation of coordinate of WGS84 in Cm-level based on the real time, even though the GPS time and tide were used to be synchronized through step-wised processing before. And because of the synchronization of time, the real time DGPS can cope with the loss of local current and changes of the tide.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.138-143
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• 2014

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) is an excellent tool for studying the structure and properties of nanostructured materials. As the development of $C_s$-corrected TEM, the direct analysis of atomic structures of nanostructured materials can be performed in the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Especially, fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique in image processing is very useful way to determine the crystal structure of HRTEM images in reciprocal space. To apply FFT technique in HRTEM analysis in more reasonable and friendly manner, we made a new circular region of interest (C-ROI) FFT script and tested it for several HRTEM analysis. Consequentially, it was proved that the new FFT application shows more quantitative and clearer results than conventional FFT script by removing the streaky artifacts in FFT pattern images. Finally, it is expected that the new FFT script gives great advantages for quantitative interpretation of HRTEM images of many nanostructured materials.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 2012

This is the study about the New Formation Developement, the Changeable Table Design with Units that made of Wasted Wood to use restricted material rationally and to improve the space efficiency in the Table Design. We made some changeable table design with units that made of laminated wood wasted. And we found out the following formative characteristic and physical merits through this study. First, the space efficiency can be improve technically through the unit combination and organic transfomation of the specific form and a new method by laminated wood make the personal originality and the structral stability be built up. Second, there are some merits, moveable convenience and variable layout by the combination or transformation or personal fondness so that economical efficiency and variable of design can be improved. Third, we can remove original faults inside wood like a knot or not-uniform of wood organ when we laminate wood so that we use proper units that have original beauty of wood and can represent mild mood of furniture wholly. Fourth, much more strengthen tensile strength by the reciprocal action among the units that be made of laminated wood reduces wood's metamorphosis like bending or twisting so that the uniformity of wood can be gain and furniture's metamorphosis can be reduced. According to changes of nature environment, the difficulty of supply and demand for wood may be happen. According to changes of life style these days, supply and demand for environment friendly material, processing technique and developement of design to improve the efficiency of using space must be very important factor in morden furniture design. So we propose changeable furniture design by using new environment friendly meterial and processing method from this study.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.245-253
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• 2003

Dissolution profile comparsions can be done by virtue of the similarity factor $(f_2)$. It is a logarithmic reciprocal square root transformation of the sum of squared error of % dissolution differences between two profiles at several time points. It gives information on the degree of similarity between the two profiles: An $f_2$ value between 50 and 100 suggests the similarity/equivalence of the two dissolution curves being compared. The objective of this report was to provide a careful examination on the $f_2$ metrics in detail. It was shown that $f_2$ values exceeded 50, when relative differences in % dissolved between two products were less than 15% at all time points. The similarity factor value was also found to be greater than 50, in cases when absolute % dissolution differences were below 10% at all time points. Interestingly, the $f_2$ value was changed by the number of the time points selected for calculation. In particular, $f_2$ tended to have higher values, when the $f_2$ metrics used a large number of time points in which % dissolved reached plateau. Finally, since the similarity factor was a sample statistics, it was impossible to infer type I/II errors and sampling error. Despite certain limitations inherited in the $f_2$ metrics, it was easy and convenient to evaluate how similar the two dissolution profiles were.