• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2005

Recently two breeding programs were carried out for isolation of new parental inbred lines in Iran. This study was undertaken in order to estimate the combining ability effects and heterosis of these lines. For this purpose an $8\times8$ diallel cross analysis including eight inbred lines of silkworm with four lines from each program were studied for their five quantitative traits. The results indicated that reciprocal effects appeared insignificant for most of traits. Japanese lines of 111 and 113 were best combiners for shell weight, cocoon weight and shell percentage traits. With respect to pupation rate, Chinese line 110 was the best and according to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances, it is superior in specific combinations. Hybrid $109\times110$ showed better characters for both productive and viability traits. Hybrids with high heterosis had high SCA too.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.427-433
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• 1992

Reproduction and growth to weaning were compared for Brahman crossbred (BX) and a local strain of South-East Asian cattle, "Javanese Zebu" (JZ) and their reciprocal crosses at "Erap" in the humid equatorial lowlands of Papua New Guinea. Forty heifers of each breed were mated continuously, half to bulls of each breed, for five years. BX calved first at 35 months while JZ calved at 31 months. Subsequent calving intervals were very short, at 370 and 341 days. JZ cows weighed about two thirds of the BX cattle at each stage of reproduction. Birth weights and growth to weaning were : BX 35 kg and 0.68 kg/d ; BX male $\times$ JZ female 29.3 kg and 0.53 kg/d ; JZ male $\times$ BX female 30.8 kg and 0.61 kg/d ; JZ 25 kg and 0.50 kg/d. The combination of small cow size, short calving interval and rapid calf growth resulted in the BX male $\times$ JZ female being the most efficient producer, in kg of calf weaned per cow mated per year while the reciprocal cross was the least efficient ; both straight-breds were equal and intermediate. These data show that indigenous equatorial cattle may not be inferior under good grazing conditions. For all traits, breed interactions (heterosis) was small and non-significant.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 1995

점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae Koch)의 감수성계통(S)과 dicofol 저항성계통(R)을 공시하여 dicofol저항성의 안정성을 조사하였다. Dicofol 저항성계통(저항성비 23.0)의 약제도태없는 조건하에서 사육된 암컷성충의 dicofol에 대한 저항성 수준은 1년이 경과된 후에도 변화가 없었다. 그러나 1년 이후부터는 감소하기 시작하여 2년째에는 저항성비가 15.8배, 3년째에는 10.7배로 감수성쪽으로 기울었다. 점박이응애의 dicofol 저항성계통과 감수서계통의 상호교배 $(R_{female}\timesS_{male},R_{male}\times S_{female})$에서 얻어진 세대별 약제 감수성도 세대가 경과됨에 따라 감수성쪽으로 기울었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.353-361
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• 1998

Zebra danio와 leopard danio의 부모세대(Po)간의 상반교재를 병행한 교배실험에서 5개체의 small spotted type이 출현한 1개의 실험구를 제외하고는 모두 wild type으로 나타났다. 그리고 F하(1)세대 간의 상반교배로 태어난 F하(2)세대는 wild type과 spotted type의 비율이 모두 3 : 1로 나타났다. F하(1)세대와 Po세대와의 상반교배를 병행한 역교배실험에서는 부모세대를 zebra danio로 사용한 경우, wild type과 spotted type이 178 : 1, 2.7 : 1, 3.9 : 1로 출현하는 실험구를 제외하고는 모두 wild type으로 나타났고, spotted type을 사용한 역교배 및 검정교배실험에서 40개체의 small spotted type으로 출현하는 실험구를 제외하고는 모두 1 : 1의 비율을 나타내었다. Z x F(LZ) 교재실험구 중 두 개의 반복구(각각 2.7 : 1, 3.9 : 1 )에서 wild type과 spotted type의 비율이 3 : 1로 나타났으나, F하(1)세대간의 교배실험과 검정교배실험 결과, zebra danio 암컷이 이형접합자(Pp)였다고 추정되었다. Spotted type과 small spotted type으로 나타나는 예외적인 결과에 대해 아직까지 확실히 규명되지 않았지만, 모든 결과를 종합해 볼 때 반문을 조절하는 유전자의 인자형은 zebra danio가 동형 우성 (PP)이고, leopard danio가 동형 열성(pp)이며, 유전자는 상염색체 상에 존재한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 수정 후부터 15일째까지의 생존율 비교 실험에서 $Z{\times}Z$ (83.8${\pm}$6.7%)와 $L{\times}L$(80.6${\pm}$4.8%)는 생존율에 있어서 그 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, 이들과 다른 교배군인 $Z{\times}L$(73.2${\pm}$2.0%) 이나 $L{\times}Z$(70.6${\pm}$4.2%) 와는 유의차를 보였다. 따라서 D. frankei로 알려졌던 leopard danio는 zebrafish의 aquarium morph인 반문 돌연변이체이지만 leopard danio 사이에 교배가 이루어질 경우에는 유전적으로 안정되어 있음을 알 수 있는 반면에, wild type zebrafish와는 다소의 유전적인 부조화가 존재한다고 추정된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2000

In the spring silkworm rearing period of year 1998, some nutritional aspects were studied in the Agricultural Research Station of the Komotini town in Greece, to investigate the feeding behaviour of some Bulgarian silkworm hybrids, suitable for spring rearing, during the fourth and fifth instal under the local climatic conditions. The silkworms were fed by locally cultivated Japanese Kinriu mulberry (Morus alba L.) variety leaves. Eight Bulgarian hybrids had been used, namely Vratza-53xVratza-52, Ukraine-20xVratza-53, Super 1xHessa 2, Merefa 2xVratza 35, as well as their reciprocal crosses. The studies showed out a remarkably higher feed intake and feed utilization by the hybrids Hessa 2xSuper-1, Merefa 2xVratza 35 and Vratza-52xVratza-53. The same hybrids showed an efficient food utilization by means of daily growths cocoon shell ratio and raw silk output. In terms of food to silk conversion efficiency Hessa 2xSuper-1 hybrid gave the best results. Larval stage duration for fourth and fifth instar was not affected by feed intake and utilization. All hybrids showed a good adaptation to the local environment and their feeding performance was equal to the international existing standards. All calculated parameters were found to be around the mean values of other up to date presented results and thus considered as acceptable for the needs of the local production.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 1997

파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua(Hubner))에 미치는 chlorpyrifos-methyl(COM)의 화학적 불임효과를 미량국부처리법으로 조사하였다. 아치사량의 CPM이 5령충에 처리됐고 이로부터 형성된 성충의 산란수와 부화율이 분석되었다. CPM이 처리된 암수의 동계교배 집단에선 충체별 100$\mu\textrm{g}$ 처리집단을 제외하고 처리농도의 차이에 따라 산란수의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 부화율은 CPM 처리농도에 따라 CPM 처리 집단이 무처리 동계교배 집단에 비해 뚜렸하게 낮았다. 무처리 암수와 CPM(100$\mu\textrm{g}$/충체)으로 처리된 암수를 상호교배한 두 집단들은 암수 모두 CPM으로 처리된 집단과 같은 낮은 산란수 및 부화율을 보였다. 이는 CPM이 우성치사인자의 화학불임제로서 작용했음을 나타냈다. 또 CPM이 이 해충의 유전방제법을 개발하는데 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2000

Seven flue-cured tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum) varieties and their 21 progenies in Fl and F2 generation, half diallel crosses(no reciprocal), were tested for the degree of heterosis and combining abilities in sucker producing character according to topping and suckering treatment. Significant difference in number and weight of sucker was observed among seven cultivars. The values of general combining ability(GCA) were greater than those of specific combining ability(SCA) in weight and number of sucker in F$_1$ generation. In topping and suckering plot, Cocker 86, McNair 944, and Va 115 revealed the significant negative GCA effects for number and weight of sucker, but By 104 and Speight G-28 did positive GCA. Without topping and suckering, GCA effects for sucker weight in Cocker 139 and Cocker 86 were negative and those for sucker number in Va. 115 were also negative. Negative SCA values in sucker weight could be observed in F$_1$ generation of Cocker 86 X BY 104 and Speiht G-28 X Cocker 86, in F$_2$ of Hicks $\times$ Speight G-28 and McNair 944 $\times$ BY 104 in topping and suckering plot. SCA in F$_1$ of McNair 944 X Cocker 86 and Speight G-28 X Cocker 139 was negative without topping and suckering. The value of heterosis in sucker producing character of F$_1$ hybrids was positive

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 1997

In this experiment, gene actions were analysized for seven barley parents in order to obtain basic information on their genetic improvement by diallel crosses. The results obtained were summarized as follows. In analysis of variance, additive, dominant, maternal and reciprocal effects were observed significantly for culm length, tiller number, number of spiked per plant, culm diameter, awn length, leaf width, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight. Over-dominance was shown by Vr-Wr graphic analysis in five characters such as tiller number, number of spikes per plant, length of flag leaf, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight, and partial dominance in four characters such as culm length, culm diameter, awn length, and leaf width. Component of genetic varience analyzed for four characters such as culm diameter, awn length, length of flag leaf, and leaf width showed that additive effects were higher than dominant effects. Culm length, tiller number, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight showed dominant effects higher than additive effects. The narrow-sense heritability for awn length, leaf width, and number of grains per spike showed high values as more than 0.62, while broad-sense heritability for culm length, number of spikes per plant, culm diameter, awn length, leaf width, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight showed high values as more than 0.65.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 1996

유기인체 살충제인 Pyraclofos에 저항성인 집파리를 profenofs로 7세대 도태시킨 P-Pro 계통을 이용하여 Pro-fenofos 저항성의 유전학적인 분석을 행하였다. Profenofos저항성은 불완전우성으로 나타났기 때문에 가시돌연변이로 각 염색체를 표식한 감수성 ac;ar;bwb;ye;snp 계통을 이용하여 $F_1$male-backcross에의한 연쇄군분석을 한 결과, 이 계통의 profenofos 저항성의 우성유전자는 각 염색체에 고루 존재하지만 제 2 염색체와제 5염색체 상의 유전자에 크게 지배받으면 웅성결정인자 M은 제 3염색체와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.112-126
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• 1970

This paper deals with cytogenetical and cytochemical studies of the carp (Cyprinus carpio), the funa (Carassius carassius) and their hybrids. When kept under a confined condition, the carp and the funa mate andcan produce hybrids. Reciprocal crosses are also possible with similar results. The hybrids grow regularly with no observed abnormalities in the course of their development. They rank intermediate between the parent species in several characters. The hybrid males are completely sterile, while a hybrid female laid eggs in backcrossing. The spermatogenetic activity in hybrid testes is greatly disturbed. The chromosomes as observed in spermatogonial devision of hybrids are 100 in number, being the total sum of the haploid numbers of the parents, 50 for the carp and 50 for the funa. Meiosis in the hybrid testes is highly disturbed being arrested at early stages of the meiotic prophase. Most of the germ-cells undergo pycnotic degeneration during the period from late leptotene, and no spermatozoa are produced. In some hybrid specimens, the gonads show mosaic structures composed of testicular and ovarian elements, anevidence suggesting that sterility is associated with intersexuality caused by genetic unbalance between the parent species. The DNA amount in spermatogonial nuclei of thehybrids is approximately the same as that of liver nuclei, showing the 2n value. The DNA amount in the pachytene nuclei of the hybrids is less than the 4n value, while the parent species have the reduced amount of DNA in their pachytene nuclei. A consideration was made that the reduced amount of DNA in the hybrid cells may cause the disturbance of cellular activity leading to the subsequent degeneration of cells. Some aspects of enzymatic pattern in the carp, funa and their hybrids are. going on.