• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an exercise program on frontal lobe cognitive function in seniors. Methods: The participants were 42 seniors using a health center in Seoul (experimental group) and 28 seniors using a facility for elders in Seoul (control group). The exercise program was carried out for 16 weeks from April to August 2007. The frontal lobe cognitive function, which includes short term memory, attention, immediate memory, delayed memory, verbal fluency and motor function, was measured by the Digit Span Forward test, Trail Making test, Immediate recall words test, Delayed recall words, Controlled oral word association test and Finger tapping test. The collected data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA using the SAS program. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: Attention (p=.009), immediate memory (p=.005), delayed memory (p=.009), and verbal fluency (p=.004) improved after the exercise program. Conclusion: In this study, the exercise program was effective in improving frontal lobe cognitive function in elders. So it provides basic information for further nursing education on exercise programs which will be effective for prevention of early cognitive function decline in normally aging elders.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.49-66
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 초기 알츠하이머 치매환자를 대상으로 본인이 선곡한 노래 조건과 치료사가 선곡한 노래 조건에서 자서전적 기억 회상의 내용, 회상하는데 걸린 시간과 기분변화를 측정하여 자서전적 기억회상에 효과적인 노래조건을 알아보는 것이다. 실험 동안 각 피험자는 자신이 선곡한 친숙한 노래(M-AD)와 치료사가 선곡한 노래(M-MT) 조건에서 노래를 듣다가 자신이 직접 경험한 기억이 떠오르면 손을 들게 하였고, 노래가 끝나면 인출된 기억을 이야기하도록 하였다. 피험자가 이야기한 내용은 녹음 전사하였고, 기억의 주체성과 내용, 회상 시간과 기분 변화 등과 관련하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 M-AD 조건이 M-MT 조건에서 제공된 노래에 대한 친숙도와 선호도가 높았으며, 회상한 기억과 노래의 밀접함의 정도가 높았다. 또한 구체적으로 기억을 회상할 수 있었으며, 회상하는 데 걸린 시간도 짧았다. 또한 실험 전후의 기분변화 폭이 컸으며, 회상한 기억과 기분의 관련성에도 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 초기 알츠하이머 환자 본인이 선곡한 노래가 자서전적 기억을 회상하는 단서가 되어 구체적이고, 긍정적인 기억을 촉진하며 회상시간이 단축됨을 보여주어 임상에서 초기 알츠하이머 환자의 자서전적 기억을 회상할 때, 본인이 선곡한 친숙한 노래가 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 보여줄 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2019

소득수준이 향상됨에 따라 소비자의 예술에 대한 관심이 커지고 있으며, 이러한 추세를 반영하듯 아트마케팅이 대중화되고 있다. 본 연구는 예술작품을 활용한 광고 형식을 유형화 한 후 명화의 시장 노출 빈도에 따른 소비자들의 광고 효과(광고태도/회상/진단성)를 실험연구를 통해 살펴보았다. 본 연구결과, 첫째, 명화 활용 방식에 따른 회상은 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 그러나 재해석된 명화에 대한 진단성은 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 시장노출빈도가 적은 명화광고가 상대적으로 더 많이 회상된 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 시장 노출빈도가 높은 명화를 재해석한 광고가 가장 회상이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 고관여 제품에 한정하였으나 향후 저관여 제품에 대한 연구도 진행해 볼 필요가 있다. 본 결과는 효과적인 명화차용 광고를 제작하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1170-1180
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• 2000

This study was a quasi-experimental study to confirm the effects of a memory training program using efficacy sources. The purpose was to develop an effective memory training program for elderly people and to identify the effects of the memory training program. This study was carried out between February 24 and July 18, 1999 and the subjects of the study were 102 elderly people who were participants at a welfare institute in Seoul. The experimental group (51) and the control group (51) were assigned by means of participation order. The control group was matched to the experimental group and was selected considering age, sex, and religion. The experimental group participated in the memory training program. The memory training program was based on the literature of Fogler & Stern (1994), Wang & Lee (1990), Lee (1991) and Lee (1993). The memory training program was given twice a week for two weeks with each program lasting two hours. Task centered memory self-efficacy was measured using the Memory Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Berry & Dennehey (1989) and Meta Memory was measured by the MIA developed by Dixon et al. (1988) Memory performance was measured by the word list developed by Cho Sung Won (1995) and the face recognition task (Face Recognition Task developed for this study). Data were analyzed by SPSS PC and the results are described below. 1. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher task centered memory self-efficacy scores as compared to the control group (t=4.354, P=.0001). 2. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher metamemory scores as compared to the control group (t=4.733, P=.0001). 3. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher memory performance scores as compared to the control group (t=7.500, P=.0001). The memory performance involved an immediate word recall task, a delayed word recall task, a word recognition task, and the face recognition task. 4. In the experimental group, there was significant correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the metamemory scores (r=.382, P=.006), but the correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the memory performance scores and between the metamemory scores and the memory performance scores were not significant. The results showed that task centered memory self-efficacy, meta memory and memory performance improved following the Memory Training Program including the memory process, changes in memory with aging, and appropriate use of memory strategies. Memory Training Program is an effective nursing intervention for improving memory in elderly people and, also, in people with complaints of memory loss.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.57-75
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• 2013

It is a well-established theory that emotion is influential in cognitive processing. Extensive prior research on emotion has shown that emotional factors, such as affect, mood, and feeling, play as information indicating whether he or she has enough knowledge. Most of their findings focused on the effect of emotional valence (i.g., one's subjective positivity or negativity related with the emotion). Recently, several studies on emotion suggest that there is another dimension of emotion, which affects the type of cognitive processing. The studies argue that emotional certainty facilitates heuristic processing, whereas emotional uncertainty promotes systematic processing. Based on the findings, current study examines the effect of certainty on attitudes and recall. Specifically, the authors investigate the effect of certainty on how much effort individuals use to process advertising information and how certainty affects attitude formation toward the advertised product. The authors also focus on recall to clarify the working mechanism of certainty on attitudes, because recall performance reflects the depth of information processing. Based on previous findings, the authors hypothesize that uncertainty (vs. certainty) leads to more favorable attitudes as well as better recall, and conduct an experiment using a fictitious advertisement with 218 participants. The results confirm the predicted effects of certainty only on attitudes not recall. A possible explanation of this discrepancy between attitudes and recall lies in the measurement method, unaided recall. To rule out this possibility, the authors perform an additional analysis with the participants who recall any correct information of the target advertisement. The results show certainty has a negative effect on both attitudes and recall. A bootstrapping test reveals that recall mediates the effect of certainty on attitudes. This result confirms that certainty decreases elaboration, which in turn leads to less favorable attitudes relative to uncertainty. Additionally, our data shows the association among certainty, recall, and attitudes by showing the indirect effect of certainty on attitudes via recall. This research encourages practitioners in the field to emphasize that they should focus on target audiences' emotional certainty before they provide the persuasive message, by showing that uncertainty promotes effortful processing, which in turn leads to better memory and more favorable attitudes.

• 인지과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.115-134
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• 1996

외현기억은 의도적 인출을 의미하고 암묵기억은 비의도적 인출을 의미하며 다양한 변인하에서 외현기억과 암묵기억이 상이한 인출형태가 보이는 것을 기억해리현상이라 한다.본 연구에서는 기억해리현상을 설명하는 처리이론중 이중처리이론의 기본 가정을 수용하여 실험을 실시하였다.처리깊이에 따른 학습을 실시하면,지각 처리과제의 경우는 단어표상의 활성화가 이루어지며 이는 접속가능성의 증가로 나타나고,의미처리과제의 경우는 목표단어표상 및 관련단어의 표상이 활성화되고 이는 인출가능성의 증가로 나타난다.학습단계에서는 의미처리과제와 지각처리과제를 반복해서 제시하여 접속가능성과 인출가능성의 증가를 조작하였고,검사단계에서는 인출 지시문 종류에 따른 암묵 기억검사와 외현기억검사를 실시하였다.실험결과는 다음과같다. 지각처리과제의 반복은 암묵기억검사와 파지수준에는 영향을 주지만 외현기억검사의 파지수준에는 효과를 미치지 못했고,의미처리 과제의 반복은 암묵기억검사와 외현기억검사 파지 수준 모두에 영향을 미쳤다.실험결과를 종합하여 보면,처리깊이에 다른 학습 단어 반복제시의 기억 해리효과는 이중처리이론의 설명틀이 적절하다고 결론지울수 있다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.181-195
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of personal characteristics, social support, depression, and metamemory on the older adults' memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 95 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Busan. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Dixon, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986), social resoueces(Duke university, 1978), family support(Hyun-Sook Kang, 1985). The other data were collected by the testing method on the memory performance such as the immeadiate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by Hye-Sook Min). The results of this study were as follows; 1. The level of metamemory is 3.4 points in the 5 point scale, the grades of the task and the achievement are relatively high and the grades of the change, the control, and the anxiety are relatively low in the sub-concepts. 2. Metamemory have significant relation with age(r=-.44), educational attainment(r=.46), depression(r=-.58), family support(r=.20), social resources(r=.20). 3. The significant variables to predict older adults' metamemory are educational attainment(22%), sex(11%), age (8.3%), depression(4.7%), and illness state(3%). 4. The strong variables to predict memory performances are metamemory, age, depression, social resources, educational attainment, illness state, and limitation of daily living activity related to illness. In conclusion, the enhancement strategies of metamemory and the social support and the prevention or reduction of depression are necessary to increase older adults' memory performances. Ultimately in this respect nurses' roles are very important in developing and performing some intervention programs for old adults' memory improvement, which have significant meanings in the field of nursing science.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.77-85
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• 1990

본 연구는 청각조건과 입술운동 조건에서 나타나는 최근 및 접미효과가 동일한 기제에 의해 처리된 결과라는 Greene 와 Crowder(1984)의 수정된 PAS모형을 검증하기 위해 시행되었다. 최근 및 접미효과와 상호작용하는 것으로 보이는 음성적 특성을 실험조작하여 청각과 입술운동 조건에서 자음과 모음간에 차별적 회상효과를 보이는지 알아보았다. 이것은 Turner 등(1987)의 주장과 일치하는 결과이다. 한편, 잡음-입술운동 조건과 입술운동 조건의 마지막 계열위치에서 유의미한 회상 차이를 보이지 않았으므로, 잡음은 입술운동 정보에 대한 최근 효과에 영향을 주지 않고, 따라서 청각정보와 입술운동 정보는 다른 기제를 통해 부호화되는 것으로 보인다.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 기억 책략을 사용하여도 이에 따른 이득을 볼 수 없는 현상, 즉 책략 사용이 증가하는 만큼 회상량이 증가하지 않는 이용결여 현상을 훈련 상황이 아닌 자연스런 상황에서 알아보고자 하였다. 초등학교 5학년 학생을 대상으로 5회기 동안 단어쌍 기억 과제에서의 정교화 책략을 연구하였다. 연구 결과, 회기가 진행되면서 정교화 책략 사용량에는 증가를 보였지만 회상량은 회기에 따른 유의미한 증가가 나타나지 않아 이용결여 현상이 나타났다. 이용결여 현상은 아동이 효율적인 책략 사용의 단계로 발달해 가는데 필요한 적응적 과정임을 시사한다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out what type of skip button used in forced exposure advertising is the most positive to the users. The four types of skip buttons were produced for the experiment and tested by survey and eye tracker to reveal the effects of the skip buttons on perceived intrusion, advertising attention, attitude toward advertising, and memory consisting of recall and recognition. Out of 80 participants, 20 were randomly assigned to the specific type of skip button group. The results showed that there is no statistical difference in advertising attention, perceived intrusiveness and attitude toward advertising. However, the recall and recognition rate are the highest in the static text type and kinetic text, product image, and default follow statistically. This study has implications for using skip buttons as a major variable for inventory of TrueView advertising effects and suggests that the amount of information in the image is critical processed by users within very short time.