• Title/Summary/Keyword: reasonable and necessary

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A Study on Consumers' Information Demand of Genetically Modified Organisms(GMO) (유전자재조합식품(GMO)에 대한 소비자 정보요구도 연구)

  • Park, Hye-Young;Kim, Si-Wuel
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.175-189
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    • 2005
  • This study analyzed the degree of demand for genetically modified organisms(GMOs) to provide the basic information for consumers' reasonable purchase decision making and their right to know about GMOs. Based on the (Ed-there are no study results above) study results, the following suggestion were made. First, throughout the survey, it was found that those consumers who participated had a high level of perception on the harm of GMOs. Therefore, reliable organizations such as government agencies are required to present the results of safety tests and formulate plans related to the safety of GMOs. Second, the average score on consumers' level of consumer knowledge on GMOs was very low, being 1.68 out of a possible 8 points. Third, since women and housewives engaged in dietary habits and food had high demand for information on GMOs, it is necessary to provide women with information on GMOs. Fourth, since it is difficult to confirm the presence or absence of GMOs. in rapidly increasing demand for fast-food, it is necessary that consumers be provided with relevant information and make a reasonable judgement in purchasing food. Fifth, it is necessary to provide detailed regulations and measures for concrete contents and directions of information on GMOs. Sixth, it is necessary to provid information on GMOs from the commercial sources of information that are most preferred by consumers.

Reasonable Evaluation Technique in Regional Configuration of Underground Distribution System (지역별 지중 배전계통 구성방식의 합리적인 평가 기법)

  • Choe, Sang-Bong;Kim, Dae-Gyeong;Jeong, Seong-Hwan
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.124-135
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    • 2000
  • This paper presents reasonable evaluation technique to determine system configuration of underground distribution system. To set up reasonable evaluation for a certain object region, it is necessary for methodology to access accurately factors such as economics, reliability, customer interruption cost, implementation and flexibility about proposed various configuration of underground distribution system. But it is difficult to evaluate factors as above-mentioned since there is no criterion to assess them in our country. Accordingly, having completed the technical and economical analysis and customer interruption cost of various types of system, this paper presents the most reasonable results to get the optimal configuration of underground distribution system. Also, this paper presents possible methodology which can be applied other areas having a different load characteristics by application actually making a selection Myungdong as sample area.

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A Study on the Duty of Nonconformity Notification within a Reasonable Period in Case of Breach of Contract for Goods (물품계약위반시 합리적인 기간 내의 부적합통지의무에 관한 연구)

  • Eun-Bin, Kim
    • Journal of Arbitration Studies
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.33-51
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    • 2022
  • According to the CISG, there are no special regulations for a reasonable period of time among the obligations to notify the contractual suitability of the goods. As a result, many disputes arise in 'notification within a reasonable period' despite being the most important treaty in practice in defining the obligation to notify nonconformities according to the suitability of goods for each case. Regarding the interpretation of Article 39 of the CISG, various judgments and arbitration decisions are being made in each country for a reasonable period to notify that the goods are not suitable for the contract.There are criticisms that these various views are too harsh on the buyer in the buyer's obligation to notify.It is important to create a unified principle because courts or arbitration agencies of the Contracting States of this Convention interpret in various ways the reasonable period of violation of the contract of goods stipulated in the Convention. Since most of the international commodity trading transactions around the world are regulated by the CISG, it is necessary to analyze and interpret cases in which this Convention is applied in court or arbitral tribunal of each country to derive a unified principle.

A Study on the Influence of Reasonable Accommodation on the Employment Probability and Job Retention of the People with Disabilities (정당한 편의(Reasonable Accommodation)가 장애인의 취업확률 및 직업유지에 미치는 영향)

  • Jun, Young Hwan
    • Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.113-118
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    • 2016
  • This study was aimed to analyze the Influence of Reasonable Accommodation on the Employment Probability and Job Retention of the People with disabilities. Survey on the employment discrimination of people with disabilities was utilized. The methodologies used in the study are logistic regression estimating job probability, multiple regression to evaluate job retention. As a result, reasonable accommodation for initial exam was not statistically significant on the employment probability. While, exam process reasonable accommodation was statistically significant on the employment probability. For job retention, recruit accommodation, workplace access accommodation were not significant on the job retention. While, company regulation and job adjustment was statistically significant on the job retention. It is necessary to be provided with reasonable accommodations in the direction of increasing the employment and strengthening job retention of people with disabilities. There is a need to support and expand the reasonable accommodation to the employer by the policy.

A Study on the ICSID Arbitration Cases for Fair and Equitable Treatment under International Investment Disputes - Focusing on the Protection of the Investor's Legitimate Expectations - (국제투자분쟁에서 공정·공평 대우에 관한 ICSID 중재사례 연구 - 외국인투자자의 정당한 기대 보호를 중심으로 -)

  • HWANG, Ji-Hyeon
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.71
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    • pp.195-216
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    • 2016
  • In determining the content of the FET standard, the tribunals stated protection of investor's legitimate expectations, due process and denial of justice, transparency, discrimination and arbitrariness, good faith, etc. The most major elements of the FET standard is the protection of the investor's legitimate and reasonable expectations. It is necessary to consider whether it is possible to what the expectations of investors are protected as legitimate and it is formed under any circumstances. If host state frustrate investor's legitimate expectations, it found a breach of the FET. The host state's specific assurance may reinforce investor's expectations, but such explicit statement is not always necessary. The host state must preserve a stable environment for investments. However, It must not be understood as the inalterability of the host state's legal framework. It implies that the host state's subsequent changes should be made consistently and predictably. The host state is entitled to exercise a reasonable regulatory authority to respond to changing circumstances in the public purpose. Therefore, whether the violation FET shall be determined through a balanced against the investor's legitimate expectations and the host state's reasonable regulatory exercise in the public interest. And investor should keep in mind that the principle of proportionality is applied unless host state provides stabilization clause or similar commitments to investor. Also host state should establish the basis of an argument about reasonable regulatory authority for public interest.

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Guideline for maxillofacial impairment rating of trigeminal nerve damage in the Korean (삼차신경손상의 장애평가에 대한 가이드라인)

  • Committee of Guides for Maxillofacial Impairment Rating, Committee of Guides for Maxillofacial Impairment Rating
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.384-393
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    • 2012
  • The trigeminal nerve, one of the cranial nerves, innervates the maxillofacial area and has three branches: the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. Paresthesia, due to damages to the inferior alveolar nerve and mental nerve (branches of the mandibular nerve), is quite frequent in dental implants and third molar extractions. As medical disputes are increasing, it is necessary to formulate an objective and reasonable disability evaluation. When evaluating the frequent rate of impairment for inferior alveolar nerve damage, it may be reasonable to follow the criteria for the rate of maxillofacial impairment of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) - the most scientific and reputable criteria based on the American Medical Association (AMA). Therefore, the Committee of Guides for Maxillofacial Impairment Ratings, in the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (KAOMS), is trying to suggest more reasonable and realistic guidelines for evaluating impairments by reviewing the current evaluation criteria and those of AMA and AAOMS.

A Study on the Assessment of a Reasonable Transformer Capacity by the Improvement of Diversity Factor (부등률 적용 개선을 통한 변압기의 적정용량 산정에 관한 연구)

  • Seo, Seung-Kwan;Oh, Yong-Taek;Kim, Se-Dong;Shin, Wha-Young;Yoo, Sang-Bong;Lee, Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.24 no.8
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2010
  • This paper shows a reasonable diversity factor, that was made by the systematic and statistical way considering actual conditions, such as investigated contract power and peak power for the last 5 years of each customer for 20 Lease Apartment. In this paper, it is necessary to analyze the key features and general trend from the investigated data. It made an analysis of the feature parameters, such as average, standard deviation, median, maximum, minimun and thus it was carried out by the linear and nonlinear regression analysis. The standards of demand, diversity, and load density are necessary to create the design of a transformer capacity that is seldom presented in terms for academic study.

A comparative study on the estimation methods for the potential yield in the Korean waters of the East Sea (한국 동해 생태계의 잠재생산량 추정방법에 관한 비교 연구)

  • LIM, Jung-Hyun;SEO, Young-Il;ZHANG, Chang-Ik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.124-137
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    • 2018
  • Due to the decrease in coastal productivity and deterioration in the quality of ecosystem which result from the excessive overfishing of fisheries resources and the environmental pollution, fisheries resources in the Korean waters hit the dangerous level in respect of quantity and quality. In order to manage sustainable and effective fisheries resources, it is necessary to suggest the potential yield (PY) for clarifying available fisheries resources in the Korean waters. So far, however, there have been few studies on the estimation methods for PY in Korea. In addition, there have been no studies on the comparative analysis of the estimation methods and the substantial estimation methods for PY targeted for large marine ecosystem (LME) For the reasonable management of fisheries resources, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study on the estimation methods for the PY which combines population dynamics and ecosystem dynamics. To reflect the research need, this study conducts a comparative analysis of estimation methods for the PY in the Korean waters of the East Sea to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and suggests the estimation method which considered both population dynamics and ecosystem dynamics to supplement shortcomings of each method. In this study, the maximum entropy (ME) model of the holistic production method (HPM) is considered to be the most reasonable estimation method due to the high reliability of the estimated parameters. The results of this study are expected to be used as significant basic data to provide indicators and reference points for sustainable and reasonable management of fisheries resources.

A study on the heat release rate pattern variation according to the change of operating conditions in pre-combution chamber type diesel engine (예연소실식 디젤기관의 운전조건변화에 따른 열발생률 형태변동에 관한 고찰)

  • 이진우;최재성;전효중
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.31-44
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    • 1987
  • Nowadays, the problems of energy and environmental pollution become serious day by day and the diesel engine, which has been proved to be superior to gasoline engine with respect to fuel consumption and ecological problems of exhaust gas, has been adopted widely for various purposes from the marine diesel engine and the dynamo engine to all kinds of engine on land. Therefore, extensive parametric studies on combustion of diesel engine should be done for its desing and improvement. To predict the behavior of diesel engien according to variable operating conditions by means of cycle simulation, the reasonable pattern of heat release rate has to be asumed. But it is necessary to know the actual variation of heat release rate in order to assume the reasonable pattern of heat release rate according to the actual operating conditions. In this paper, on a high speed small bore diesel engine with pre-combustion chamber, experimental investigations were carried out to determine the relationship between the heat release pattern and parameters such as engine load and speed. And also, the theoretical investigations about the performance variations of the above diesel engine according to the predicted pattern of heat release rate variation were performed. From the above observations, it may be said that the Fanboro indicator, which was used to get the cylinder pressure, can be used to estimate a reasonable pattern of heat release rate and it is confirmed that the pattern of heat release rate for the pre-combustion type engine is different from that of the direct injection type engine.

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The Present Situation and Therapeutic Effects of physiologically Functional Food (기능성식품(機能性食品) 의 현황(現況)과 음용효과(飮用效果))

  • 문지웅
    • Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.78-81
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    • 2003
  • Physiologically functional food is a type of the processed foods showing bioactivities in a living body. Physiologically functional food is a healthy food reinforcing biofunctional abilities of the precaution and recovering of the illness, immunity reinforcement. bio - rhythm control, aging repression and cancer precaution, etc. The consumers are taking to expect the improvement of national health and extention of life span. etc., Physiologically functional food must be able to be ingested briefly and taken in the surroundings easily and the reasonable price. To achieve this goals, it is necessary to positive support of the authorities concerned, technique development of an educational - Industrial cooperation. establishment of reasonable standard and right understanding of the consumers on physiologically functinal food.

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