• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.223-236
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• 1997

One faces four major developmental tasks to achieve in young adulthood, ages between 20 and 40 : intimacy, vocation, marriage and child-rearing. Intimacy is the capacity to commit oneself to concrete affiliations and partnerships and to develop the ethical strength to abide by such commitments, even though they call for significant sacrifices and compromises. Through vocation and marriage young adults become united to networks of persons, find tasks that demand involvement, and gain roles into which they fit and are fitted and which help define their identities. An occupation represents much more than a set of skills and functions : it means a way of life. The extent of vocational choice increases with educational level, and the unconscious factors are frequency the decisive element. The vocational choice stare with fantasy choices in childhood, passes through tentative choices in adolescence, realistic choices in college days, and crystallized choices in post-college days, and finally ends up to the choice of specification. Along with the hazards and the need for realignment of personality functioning, the marriage brings with it new opportunities for self-fulfillment and completion. Motives other than a romantic love gain more importance in the decision to marry and in the choice of a partner. The impulsions to marry are sexual gratification, the desire to propagate, narcissistic gratification, and a need of interdependence. Many factors such as oedipal wishes, sexuality and sexual attractions, socio-economic classes, and geography involve in selection of marriage partner. There are also various motivations to marry a romantic love, the desire for a home of one's own, sexual attractions, the wish for security and a shelter, and the wish for children. The hostile marriage, the marriage on the rebound, the marriage rooted in rescue fantasies, and sado-masochistic marriage are the examples of pathological marriages. A successful marriage will usually both Lead to and require a marked reorganization of the personality structure of each partner that will influence the lurker personality development of each. Many marital problems are largely dependent upon the personality characteristics of one partner which might well create difficulties no manor who was the spouse.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2014

목적 최근 들어 청소년기 후반부터 성인기 초기 자녀를 둔 부모들이 많이 보여주고 있는 헬리콥터 양육의 개념을 명확히 파악하고자 개념분석을 실시하였다. 기존의 양육방식과 구별되는 헬리콥터 양육의 속성을 추출하고, 이러한 현상이 나타나게 된 선행요인과 그 결과를 분석함으로써 사회문화적 동향에 발맞춘 간호지식 개발의 기초자료로 제공하고자 하였다. 방법 본 연구는 Rodgers (2000)의 진화론적 방법에 따른 개념분석 연구이다. 결과 본 연구의 포함기준을 충족한 연구논문 12편의 분석결과 헬리콥터 양육의 세 가지 속성은 주위를 맴돌기, 깊이 개입하기, 대신 결정하기로 밝혀졌으며, 대체용어로는 블랙호크 양육, 벌새 양육, 호버크래프트 양육이 도출되었고, 관련개념으로는 스텔스기 양육과 가미카제 양육이 확인되었다. 결론 경제 불황 및 취업난, 청소년 대상의 강력범죄율 증가, 통신기술의 발달 등으로 인하여 헬리콥터 양육이 출현하였다. 헬리콥터 양육은 청소년 및 성인기 자녀에게는 독립 실패 및 자존감 저하, 불안, 우울, 강박증을 발현시키고 부모에게는 소진과 삶의 만족도 저하라는 면에서 부정적인 면이 있다. 하지만 부모와 자녀 간의 정서적, 심리적 밀착으로 인한 안정감, 경제적 도움 등의 긍정적인 면도 있다. 따라서 부정적인 영향은 감소시키고 긍정적 효과를 유도할 수 있는 중재프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.96-107
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• 2001

Recent research indicates that the new mothers want to learn about childrearing, and have burden in care of infants. Also it indicates that the new mothers say the lack of confidence and knowledge about infant care. This study was a prospective longitudinal reseach developing parent role education program and evaluating the effectiveness of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. Longitudinal quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their mothers. The sample consisted of 19 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 18 dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th to December 14th in 1999. For the intervention group received programmed education that was consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting for maternal education. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effectiveness of intervention program. This study was focused on the results of six months time point. The results were as follows: 1. There was significant difference in the mean score of mother-infant interaction(NCAST) between two groups. Intervention group showed higher scores in the subscales of sensitivity to cues, cognitive growth fostering, and caregiver total. 2. There was no significant difference in the mean score of child rearing environment (HOME) between two groups of six-month-infants. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of opportunities for variety in daily stimulation, maternal involvement with child, and emotional, verbal response. 3. Six-month-infants of the intervention group showed significantly higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale. In conclusion, the maternal education program was effective in promoting the mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. These results were very meaningful that we found parent role education necessary for normal infants' mothers, and nurses can make a great contribution in promoting health of infants and mothers.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2016

Isotocin (IT)은 포유류의 oxytocin과 유사한 호르몬으로 어류의 행동 조절과 스트레스에 대한 반응, 그리고 삼투압 조절에 이르기까지 다양한 생리반응에 관여한다고 추정된다. 해수 관상어인 cinnamon clownfish의 IT 유전자 구조와 기능을 연구하기 위하여 genomic DNA와 뇌의 cDNA 주형으로부터 유전자를 확보하였다. 세 개의 exon과 156개의 아미노산을 표지하는 ORF로 이루어진 IT 전구물질 유전자는 19개 아미노산으로 이루어진 신호 부위, 9개 아미노산 호르몬 부위, 3개 아미노산의 효소 조절 부위, 그리고 125개 아미노산의 neurophysin 호르몬 부위로 구성되었다. 조직별 RT-PCR 분석결과는 IT 전구물질 유전자가 뇌와 생식소에서 발현됨을 보여준다. 해수 (34 ppt) 적응 개체의 아가미에서는 염류세포 바깥 표면에 apical crypt가 보이는데 비하여, 15 ppt로 낮춘 저염분 적응 개체의 아가미는 표면이 pavement cell로 덮여있는 평평한 구조를 보여준다. 아가미 세포의 Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase 활성은 저염분 순응 초기에 증가하다 시간이 지날수록 정상 수준을 회복하는 양상을 보여주는데, 이는 prolactin과 같이 저염분 초기순응 및 항상성 유지에 관여함을 의미한다. 하지만 저염분 순응 시 미량 증가하는 IT 전구체 mRNA는 초기 삼투조절에 미치는 역할이 미미함을 보여준다.