• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.78-85
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• 2021

Recently a traffic accident of heavy duty vehicles under the mandatory installation of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) is often reported in the media. Heavy duty vehicle accidents are normally occurring a high number of passenger's injury. According to report of Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, FCW (Forward Collision Warning) and AEB (Automatic Emergency Braking) were associated with a statistically significant 12% reduction in the rate of police-reportable crashes per vehicle miles traveled, and a significant 41% reduction in the rear-end crash rate of large trucks. Also many countries around the world, including Korea, are studying the effects of ADAS installation on accident reduction. Traffic accident statistics of passenger vehicle for business purpose in TMACS (Traffic safety information Management Complex System in Korea) tends to remarkably reduce the number of deaths due to the accident (2017(211), 2018(170), 2019(139)), but the number of traffic accidents (2017(8,939), 2018(9,181), 2019(10,095)) increases. In this paper, it is introduced a traffic accident case that could lead to high injury traffic accidents by being equipped with AEB in a bus. AEB reduces accidents and damage in general but malfunction of AEB could occur severe accident. Therefore, proper education is required to use AEB system, simply instead of focusing on developing and installing AEB to prevent traffic accidents. Traffic accident of AEB equipped vehicle may arise a new dispute between a driver's fault and vehicle defect. It is highly recommended to regulate an advanced event data recorder system.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of inpatients who were admitted to Korean medicine hospital due to traffic accident. Methods : We analyzed statistical study in 137 patients, who had admitted to M korean medicine hospital, in Gimpo city, Gyeonggi Province from January 1st, 2017 to June 31th, 2017 according to medical charts. Results : 1. In distribution according to age and sex, people in their 50s numbered the most. The 137 inpatients comprised of male (46.0%) and female (54.0%). 2. In distribution according to types of accident, Rear-end collision accident numbered the most (34.3%), followed by Frontal collision (21.2%) and Lateral collision (14.6%). 3. In distribution according to duration of treatment, most (54.7%) patients discharged within 1 week, followed by 1 week to 2 weeks(37.2%) 4. In distribution according to mean elevation of symptoms, Neck pain was the most (75.9%) symptom, followed by Low back pain (67.2%), Shoulder pain (46.0%) and Headache (37.2%). 5. In distribution according to treatment results, symptom improvement was the most (62.8%), followed by excellent (19.7%), mild improvement (14.6%). 6. In distribution according to duration of treatment, Most frequently prescribed herbal decoction was Tongdosan (45.7%), followed by Dangguijakyaksangagam (29.6%), and most frequently prescribed extract powder was Yunkyopaedocksan and Ojeoksan (12.7%). Conclusions : This study shows that aftereffects from the traffic accident tend to occur with various symptoms in various age groups. Korean medicine treatments are effective in patient who were admitted to Korean medicine hospital due to traffic accident.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 2010

When doing maintenance works at the trackside of railway, the method which delivers information on approaching of train to maintenance workers through alarm devices such as the flag or indication light, etc., is being used by locating persons in charge of safety alarm in addition to the maintenance workers at fixed distances in the front and rear of the workplace. Workers maintaining at the trackside may collide with the train since they cannot recognize the approach of train although it approaches to the vicinity of maintenance workplace because of the sensory block phenomenon occurred due to their long hours of continued monotonous maintenance work. The clash or rear-end collision accidents between many maintenance trains called motor-cars can be occurred since there are cases where the signal systems for safe operation of motor-car such as track circuit etc. are blocked or not operated normally. We developed the new safety equipment for protection of trackside maintenance workers using radio frequency signals and bidirectional detection mechanism. The developed safety equipment must analyze the several operational mechanism for each different operation situations. In this paper the analysis results are represented.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4100-4107
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• 2010

The wrecker truck of lift type is used to move damaged car in accident spot or to move illegal vehicle in towaway zone toward pound.. This special vehicle drives by lifting front or rear side of car with the driving type of towed car. Each car is modelled with CATIA and is simulated with FEM analysis program ANSYS. This study analyzes how dangerous is the triple collision among the wrecker-towed car-driving car as comparing with the usual collision accident with cars. It is studied how responsible is the towed car in case of crashing its back side by driving car. The influence on the driving angle of towed car by lifting wrecker is also considered.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.26-45
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of patients who were admitted to an oriental medicine hospital by traffic accident. Methods: The medical charts of 346 patients admitted to an oriental medicine hospital from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018 were analyzed. The Numbering Rating Scale (NRS) and duration of hospitalization were used to evaluate characteristics of the patients. Results: Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Infralux were used to treat all the patients. The most frequently used herbal medication was Danggwisu-san(22.25%). 87 patients(25.14%) visited the outpatient department after being discharged from the hospital. The most frequent complaint in terms of pain was cervical pain(82.7%) and of systemic symptom was headache(23.7%). Men and younger aged patients showed higher therapeutic effect than women and older ages. The most common duration of hospitalization was 2~4 days(42.73%) and positively correlated with therapeutic effect. The most frequent interval between time of injury and visit to the hospital was from 0-1 days(68.90%) and showed no relationship with therapeutic effect. The most frequent admission pathway was "Directly to the hospital"(57.51%). Admission pathway was proportionally associated with duration of hospitalization and treatment results were not. The most common vehicle type involved in the traffic accidents was a sedan(72.25%), accident type was a rear-end collision(43.64%) and showed no relationship with therapeutic effect. Conclusions: In this study, therapeutic effects were highly correlated among men, younger ages, and duration of hospital stay, and was not for interval days, admission pathway, vehicle type, and accident type.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2012

This paper discusses the evaluation of the safety impact of the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system in Korea. To evaluate the safety impact, this paper suggests an analysis method by using the test scenario and field operational test data. The test scenario is composed to represent the main component factor of the ACC system and ACC related accident situation such as rear-end collision, lane-change, and road-curvature, etc. Also, from the field operation test data, the system's potential to increase the safety can be measured ideally. Besides, field operational testdata was used to revise the expected safety impact value as Korean road conditions. By using the proposed evaluation method, enhanced safety impact of the ACC system can be estimated scientifically.

• Composites Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2024

The development of transportation methods has improved human transportation convenience and made it possible to expand the travel radius of people with disabilities who have difficulty moving. However, in the case of WAV (wheelchair Accessible Vehicle), the safety that may occur in a vehicle accident is still lower than that of regular passenger seats. In particular, in the case of a rear-end collision that may occur in a defenseless situation, it can cause fatal neck injuries to disabled passengers. Therefore, a more detailed design plan must be reflected in the headrest to be applied to WAV. In this study, a multi-cell headrest was proposed to implement local compression characteristic distribution of the headrest during rear-end collision of WAV. Afterwards, a correlation analysis was performed between the passenger's NIC (Neck Injury Criterion) and impact energy absorption using the data set construction through analysis and the clustering results using k-means clustering. As a result of clustering, it was confirmed that data clusters with similar characteristics were formed, and a correlation analysis between NIC and impact energy absorption through the characteristics of each cluster was performed. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the softer the cell compression characteristics in Mid3 and Mid6, the more impact energy absorption increases, and the harder the cell compression characteristics in Front2, Mid3, and Mid6, the more effective it is in reducing NIC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.133-144
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• 2004

A model and a measure which can evaluate the risk of rear end collision are developed. Most traffic accidents involve multiple causes such as the human factor, the vehicle factor, and the highway element at any given time. Thus, these factors should be considered in analyzing the risk of an accident and in developing safety models. Although most risky situations and accidents on the roads result from the poor response of a driver to various stimuli, many researchers have modeled the risk or accident by analyzing only the stimuli without considering the response of a driver. Hence, the reliabilities of those models turned out to be low. Thus in developing the model behaviors of a driver, such as reaction time and deceleration rate, are considered. In the past, most studies tried to analyze the relationships between a risk and an accident directly but they, due to the difficulty of finding out the directional relationships between these factors, developed a model by considering these factors, developed a model by considering indirect factors such as volume, speed, etc. However, if the relationships between risk and accidents are looked into in detail, it can be seen that they are linked by the behaviors of a driver, and depending on drivers the risk as it is on the road-vehicle system may be ignored or call drivers' attention. Therefore, an accident depends on how a driver handles risk, so that the more related risk to and accident occurrence is not the risk itself but the risk responded by a driver. Thus, in this study, the behaviors of a driver are considered in the model and to reflect these behaviors three concepts related to accidents are introduced. And safe stopping distance and accident occurrence probability were used for better understanding and for more reliable modeling of the risk. The index which can represent the risk is also developed based on measures used in evaluating noise level, and for the risk comparison between various situations, the equivalent risk level, considering the intensity and duration time, is developed by means of the weighted average. Validation is performed with field surveys on the expressway of Seoul, and the test vehicle was made to collect the traffic flow data, such as deceleration rate, speed and spacing. Based on this data, the risk by section, lane and traffic flow conditions are evaluated and compared with the accident data and traffic conditions. The evaluated risk level corresponds closely to the patterns of actual traffic conditions and counts of accident. The model and the method developed in this study can be applied to various fields, such as safety test of traffic flow, establishment of operation & management strategy for reliable traffic flow, and the safety test for the control algorithm in the advanced safety vehicles and many others.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.129-142
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• 2017

Accident Black Spot Improvement Project is the representative road safety intervention to eliminate environmental risk factors on the roadway by installing road safety facilities. Although it is one of the main road safety projects in Korea, there has been a lack of effort analyzing the traffic accident reduction effects of this project. In this study, therefore, we selected 4,171 road black spots from 2004 to 2013 and investigated the traffic accident reduction effects of 5 road safety facilities by using "Comparison Group(C-G)" method. Through the analysis, it was found that the number of traffic accidents were lowered by 4.45% with traffic islands, 32.17% with road paved markers, and 24.13% with speed cameras, respectively. However, 0.61% with pedestrian fencing and 1.67% with skid resistant pavement were increased on the other hand. In addition, we also analyzed traffic accident reduction facilities' performance on specific types of collision mentioned in manual on road safety facilities by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. It was shown that the number of bad weather traffic accidents were reduced by 52.96% with road paved markers, pedestrians accidents were reduced by 62.77% with pedestrian fencing and rear-end collisions were reduced by 26.00% with skid resistant pavement.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1279-1287
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop the U-turn accident model at signalized intersections in urban areas. The characteristics of the accidents which are associated with U-turn operation at 3 and 4-legged signalized intersections was analyzed and the U-turn accident model was developed by regression analysis in Changwon city. First, in order to analyze the effectiveness on traffic accidents by U-turn installation, the difference of mean of traffic accident number are measured between two groups which are composed by whether or not U-turn installation the groups by Mann-Whitney U test. The result of significance test showed that intergroup comparison on mean by accident types made difference except rear-end accident type and by accident locations exit section only showed difference in significance level at 4-legged intersections, so the accident number have more where the U-turn is permitted than not. Response measures about the number of accidents were classified by whether accidents occurred and accident model were constructed using binomial logistic regression analysis method. The developed models show that the variables of conflict traffic, number of opposing lane are adopted as independent variable for both intersections. The variables of longitudinal grade for 3-legged signalized intersection and number of crosswalk for 4-legged signalized intersection at which the U-turn is permitted is adopted as independent variable only. These study results suggest that U-turn would be permitted at the intersection where the number of opposing lane is more than 3.5 each, the longitudinal grade of opposing road is upward flow and there is need to establish the U-turn traffic sign at signalized intersections.