• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2012

Purpose: Recent mechatronics technology is the most appropriate high technology in agricultural applications to save repetitious labor. Method: Cow's body parameters were measured by several traditional measurers. Image processing technology was used to measure automatically their parameters to reduce labor and time. The parameters were measured form a small model cow which is easily measured, instead to a real cow. The image processing system designed and built for this project was composed of a PC, grabber card, and two cameras, which are located on the side and the top of the model cow. Tests of verification had measured 10 dairy cows. Result: Nine parameters of the model cow's body were measured, and the difference between the real data and the data by image processing was less than 16.7%. Based on the results of the research, the parameters of a real cow had measured of chest depth, withers height, Pelvic arch height, body length, slope body length, chest width, hip width, thurl width, and pin bone width were compared with image processing data. Conclusions: In the Demonstration test, Result had obtained similar data of cow model experiments, and the most of errors were shown less than 5% relatively good result.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.121-139
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• 2011

수학 문제 만들기를 통한 학생들의 사고와 태도를 알아보는 방법으로 본 연구에서는 5학년 학생들을 대상으로 하여 '생활 소재를 활용한 수학 문제 만들기'에 대해 연구를 하였다. 이를 위해 3가지의 생활 소재의 그림을 선정하여 문제 만들기 단계에 따라 문제 만들기를 실시하여 적용하였다. 생활 소재를 활용한 문제 만들기 활동을 통해 학생들의 수학적 사고와 수학적 태도가 어떻게 변하는지 알아보기 위해서 대구광역시 달서구에 위치한 N초등학교 5 학년 1개 학급을 연구반으로 선정하였다. 질적 사례 연구를 실시하였으며, 결과보다는 과정에 초점을 두었으며, 교사의 관찰, 피드백, 질문, 학생의 문제 만들기 결과물을 분석하여 학생들의 수학적 사고와 수학적 태도의 변화를 살펴보았다. 생활 소재를 활용한 문제 만들기 과정을 통해 학생들이 수학에 흥미를 가지고, 생활 속의 수학을 발견하고 능동적으로 해결할 수 있는 수학적 경험이 이루어졌다는 것을 알 수 있다. 연구의 결과 문제 만들기 활동에 처음 접한 학생들은 각자의 경험과 학습 수준에 따라 문제 만들기 능력이 차이가 있었으며, 문제 만들기를 어려워하였다. 아이들은 새로운 문제 상황을 찾아내어 문제를 만들고, 문제에 사용하는 수학 용어와 단위, 숫자의 사용이 점차 실제적이고 적절하게 되었다. 만든 문제의 수도 처음 보다 더 많이 만들어 내었고, 조건을 자세히 제시하거나 더 어렵게 만들기 위해서 노력하는 모습이 발견되었다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-80
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• 2008

본 연구는 학습자의 학습활동에 대한 평가의 측면에서 지금까지 학교현장에서 실시되고 있는 수행평가의 여러 가지 기법 중 포트폴리오 평가에 대하여 외국, 특히 뉴질랜드 초등학교에서 이루어지고 있는 전반적인 포트폴리오의 샘플 및 사례를 초등수학을 중심으로 제시함으로서 독자들에게 우리나라에서 이루어지고 있는 포트 폴리오와의 비교분석을 할 수 있는 기회를 제공함과 동시에 이를 통한 몇 가지 시사점을 주는데 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻은 시사점은 뉴질랜드 초등학교에서의 포트폴리오 평가는 다양한 관점에서 그리고 실생활 전반을 통하여 능동적으로 지식을 창출할 수 있는 방향으로 접근하고 있었으며 교과서적이고 인위적인 문제가 아닌 실생활의 상황 혹은 맥락을 그대로 여과 없이 다루고 있다는데 그 특정이었으며 언제나 교육과정의 각 영역을 골고루 다루면서 교육과정과의 연계성을 상대적으로 중시하고 있는 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2007

The quality assurance issue of drug products is more important than the general product because it is highly related to the human health and life. In this reason, the regulatory guide lines have continuously been intensified all around the world. In order to achieve effective quality assurance and real-time product release (RTPR) of drug products, process analytical technology (PAT), which can analyze and control a manufacturing process, has been proposed from the United States. With the PAT process, we can obtain significant process features of materials, quality characteristics and product capabilities from a raw material to the final product in the real-time procedure. PAT can also be utilized to process validation using information system that can analyze the risk of drug products through out an entire product life-cycle. In this paper, we first offered a new concept for the off-line process design methods to prepare the improved quality assurance restrictions and a real-time control method by establishing an information system. We also introduced an automatic inspection system by obtaining surrogate variables based on drug product formulations. Finally, we proposed an advanced PAT concept using validation and feedback principles through out the entire life-cycle of drug product manufacturing processes.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.40.1-40.12
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• 2021

Background: The microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae is a global problem in honeybee populations and is known to cause winter mortality. A sensitive and rapid tool for stable quantitative detection is necessary to establish further research related to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this pathogen. Objectives: The present study aimed to develop a quantitative method that incorporates ultra-rapid real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (UR-qPCR) for the rapid enumeration of N. ceranae in infected bees. Methods: A procedure for UR-qPCR detection of N. ceranae was developed, and the advantages of molecular detection were evaluated in comparison with microscopic enumeration. Results: UR-qPCR was more sensitive than microscopic enumeration for detecting two copies of N. ceranae DNA and 24 spores per bee. Meanwhile, the limit of detection by microscopy was 2.40 × 10⁴ spores/bee, and the stable detection level was ≥ 2.40 × 10⁵ spores/bee. The results of N. ceranae calculations from the infected honeybees and purified spores by UR-qPCR showed that the DNA copy number was approximately 8-fold higher than the spore count. Additionally, honeybees infected with N. ceranae with 2.74 × 10⁴ copies of N. ceranae DNA were incapable of detection by microscopy. The results of quantitative analysis using UR-qPCR were accomplished within 20 min. Conclusions: UR-qPCR is expected to be the most rapid molecular method for Nosema detection and has been developed for diagnosing nosemosis at low levels of infection.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.357-382
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• 2010

Motherhood as an ideological construction has been regarded as an oppressing apparatus enforced by patriarchism. On the one hand, demystifying motherhood helps expose dehumanization of women, and accordingly liberate women from being an ideal mother. On the other hand, however, feminists' attempts to unearth the distorted images of mothers result in devaluation of such values as love and sacrifice attached to motherhood. "Tell Me a Riddle" by Tillie Olsen, who is a declared socialist as well as a feminist, occupies a significant position in a sense that it neither condemns motherhood as evil nor idealizes it. Through the main character, Eva, it examines the meaning of motherhood in a way that a real mother experiences it in a real life, and thus Olsen challenges the readers to ponder upon the mothers' dilemma: a conflict between a desire for self-fulfillment and sacrifice for others. Eva, a mother of seven grown-up children, and now dying, shows an ambivalent attitude toward motherhood. She realizes that she is a victim of idealized motherhood in that, toward the end of her life, she feels uncomfortable accepting her personal desires as they are. Yet at the same time, she appreciates her experiences as a mother in that she could consume her passion for the ideals as she has spent her youth working toward, trying to construct an idealistic socialist country. Eva's real ideal, as a human being, is to live "with" others, not just "for" others. In other words, she does not want to allow herself to live only for others in the name of the mother because she does not have any alternatives to do otherwise. Rather, she desires to live a life of voluntary sacrifice and love. In this way, through Eva, Olsen tries to help us to construct a community where we--not just mothers-can live "with" others.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.343-356
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• 2011

This paper proposes an accelerated life evaluation of drive shaft. The life test of drive shaft for independent suspension type AWD vehicle should be performed by use of the least test sample because many number of samples can't be used for the test because of its mass capacity and high price. We calculated the no failure test time by application of no failure test concept, and the already performed test data for drive shaft are applied for some kinds of reliability coefficients which are needed for calculation of life test time. And, for analysis of real driving condition of vehicle, the load spectrum is prepared using the needed road condition and vehicle data. The inverse power model is used for accelerated life test. The equivalent torque of load spectrum is achieved by use of Miner's Rule, and then the final accelerating condition is determined by decision of the accelerated test torque. This paper shows that the accelerated life test results corresponds with the target life and the proposed life test method can be very well applied to no failure life test for mass capacity machinery components.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2005

We show how comparative mean residual life functions (MRL) can be used to give unique insights into strengths of materials data. Recall that Weibull's original reliability function was developed studying and fitting strengths for various materials. This creative comparing of MRL functions approach can be used for regular life data or any time to response data. We apply graphical MRL's to real data from tests of tensile strength of high quality engineered wood.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2014

The failure modes of pneumatic directional control valves include leakage, wear of the spool seal, and sticking of the spool. Among them, the main failure mode of the valve is leakage. The leakage is caused by the wear of the spool seal. However, due to the characteristics of the seal material, the leakage rate is fluctuated a lot rather than constantly increased over time. If life analysis is performed using the first time data of leakage failure, predicted life cycles can be different from the real life cycles. This paper predicts life cycles of the pilot pneumatic directional control valve based on the three point moving average which considers the average of the fluctuating leakage rate.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1998

A correlation between the low-cycle fatigue life and the scuffing-failure life is demonstrated using the plastic strain increment in boundary lubricated sliding. Loadings proportional to hardness with three different lubricated conditions were used to evaluate the plastic strain increments. As the results of scuffing tests using vacuum pump oils in nitrogen gas, plastic strain increment shows 0.0062, and in the mineral oils and commercial engine oils in air, plastic strain increments show 0.0042 and 0.00092. Those are very useful to describe quantitatively the real lubricated sliding conditions, and are very effective to find the relation between the low-cycle fatigue life and the scuffing-failure life.