• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.51-71
• /
• 2014

This study investigated an actual condition of students' reading through the survey from 1,285 students in Jeollabuk-do and analysed the casual relationships which affect students' reading ability. 4 variables selected in this study are students' reading ability, reading environment, reading education and reading experiences. The results are as follow: the level of students' reading experience which means the number of books they read and time they consumed for reading is very low compared to the other variables. The reading level of elementary students is revealed higher than that of middle and high school students. The relationships among variables found out through the analysis are that reading education is influenced by reading environment, reading experience is affected by reading education and eventually reading ability is mainly affected by students' reading experience. Through these findings, this study proposed that expansion of students' reading experience and systematization of reading education are needed to strengthen their reading ability effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.7-29
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a measuring scale for the effect of reading programs for children. First, in literature review, the effects and children's reading programs performance scales were analyzed, and then independent variables, dependent variables, and control variables for children's reading achievements were defined. Second, survey questionnaires for children, librarians, program instructors, and heads of child centers were designed to measure dependent variables and control variables on the scale. Third, the questionnaires for children were distributed to 10 public libraries participating in <2013 The Reading with Library> programs for two times in the early and the late time of the programs. Also, the survey questionnaires of 30 librarians, program instructors, and heads of the child centers were carried. Finally, all of the data were collected and analyzed in time series, and the improvements for the scale were proposed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.1127-1140
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of father's socio-demographic variables and father's literacy beliefs on father's literacy interaction. Participants were 204 fathers who have children in 3 to 5 years of age. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The findings are summarized as follows: (1) Father's education level was generally correlated with 'father role efficiency', 'open interaction', 'picture-book reading interaction' (2) Monthly income of the household was related 'father role efficiency', 'positive feelings on reading books'. (3) 'Literacy ability development from books', 'father role efficiency', 'positive feeling on reading books' were correlated 'open interaction' and 'picture book reading'. But, 'literacy ability development from books', 'father role efficiency', 'positive feeling on reading books' were negatively correlated 'direct interaction'. (4) The most influential factor on father's 'open interaction', 'direct interaction' was 'literacy ability development from books'. The most influential factor on father's 'picture-book reading' was 'positive feeling on reading books'. These findings highlight that 'literacy ability development from books' and 'positive feeling on reading books' may play critical roles in father's literacy interaction. So, it is very important that adequate training and support on father's literacy beliefs for father's high quality literacy interaction.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.139-147
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to survey colors of background, marker, and pointer being used in passenger car's combination meter, and to suggest ergonomic design guidelines of combination meter to enhance driver's readability. An experiment was conducted, in which colors of background, marker, and pointer were selected as independent variables, and reading time, reading error, and preference for combination meter were measured as dependent variables. Most of passenger cars sold in Korea were found to have combination meter with black background, while marker. The experimental results showed that reading time of combination meter with white background, black marker and point was shortest, reading error was lowest in combination meter with black background, yellow marker pointer, and preference for combination meter with white background, black marker and black or red pointer was highest. The results implied that combination meter with white background, black marker and black pointer should be used for comprehensively optimizing reading time, reading error, and preference for it. It was expected that these results could be used as valuable design guidelines when designing combination meter of passenger car.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 1984

This article examined relationships between selected variables, such as demographic background, care, treatment variables, environmental characteristics, and patient's daily behavior and mood change. Relationship were determined between independent variabltherapeutic-rapeutie approach, demographic data, environmental management approach-,and dependent variable-patient's daily behavioral and mood change. 35 patients selected within some criteria in a psychiatric ward, were obserbed during 5 weeks by use of Wyatt's Behavior & Mood Rating Scale ac-cording to the object of the study. At the same time, the frequence of the care and treatment were collected. Criteria for sample selection and independent variables as an influential factor to the patient behavioral change, based on a literature revienw and clinical experiences. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the influfntial factors to the patient behavioral change. Systematic reading (r=.8324), Psychiatrist's individual interview (r=.5764), tranquilizer (r=.3441) and hospitalization processing date (r=.4143) were related with patient's behavioral change. That is these 4 variables can be said to influence to the patient's behavior and mood. A stepwise multiple regression analysis of the effect of the independent varibles of systematic reading, psychintrists individual interview, tranquilizer and hospitalization processing date on the dependent variable, patient's behavioral change was carried out. Systematic reading with on R²of. 69 revealed to be the main influential factor to the patient's behavior and mood change, as the next factor psychiatrist individual interview. A total inclusion of these factors revealed a 73% prediction for the patient's behavior and mood change. But the most influential factor was the interaction of the systematic reading and psychiatrist's individual interview.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.619-628
• /
• 2014

This study analyzes whether children's independent picture book reading affects their reading activities and whether the mother-child interaction during this reading improves their reading activities. The study provides basic data and policy implications for developing children's reading ability. Data were collected from a sample of 192 children aged 4 and 5 in Seoul and Anseong, where a survey of their mothers as well as their nursery school teachers was conducted. Variables of interest were analyzed through a correlation analysis and a hierarchical regression analysis, First, children's reading recognized by their mothers was bipolarized as "very high" or "very low". Second, children's reading activity had a significant positive relationship with independent reading, indicating that children active in independent reading were likely to develop their, reading ability. Third, in addition to independent reading, the mother-child interaction had a significant positive effect on children's-reading ability, indicating the importance of the mother's role in developing the child's reading ability.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2014

Purposes: Speech acceptability means the subjective judgement of listeners regarding the naturalness and normality of the speech. The purpose of this study was to determine the predicting variables for speech acceptabilities of children with cochlear implants. Methods: Twenty seven children with CI participated. They had profound pre-lingual hearing loss without any additional disabilities. The mean of chronological ages was 8;9, and mean of age of implantation was 2;11. Speech samples of reading and spontaneous speech were recorded separately. Twenty college students who were not familiar to the speech of deaf children evaluated the speech acceptabilities using visual analog scale. 1 segmental (articulation) and 6 suprasegmental features (pitch, loudness, quality, resonance, intonation, and speaking rate) of speech were perceptually evaluated by 3 SLPs. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed to evaluate the predicting variables. Results: The means of speech acceptability for reading and spontaneous speech were 73.47 and 71.96, respectively. Speech acceptability of reading was predicated by the severity of intonation and articulation. Speech acceptability of spontaneous speech was predicated by the severity of intonation and loudness. Discussion and conclusion: Severity of intonation was the most effective variable to predict the speech acceptabilities of both reading and spontaneous speech. A further study would be necessary to generalize the result and to apply this result to intervention in clinical settings.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.41-54
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors concerning preschoolers' ability to read words, in terms of their sub-skills of alphabet knowledge, phonological awareness, and phonological processing. Fourteen literacy sub-tests and three types of reading tasks were administered to 289 kindergartners aged 4 to 6 in Busan. The main results are as follows. Sub-skills that predicted reading ability varied with children's age. Irrespective of children's age groups, knowledge of consonant names and digit naming speed commonly explained the reading of real words. In contrast, skills of syllable deletion and phoneme substitution and knowledge of alphabet composition principles were related to only 4-year-olds' reading skills. Exclusively included was digit memory in predicting 5-year-olds' reading abilities, and knowledge of vowel sounds in 6-year-olds' reading skills. The type of reading task also influenced reading ability. A few common variables such as knowledge of consonant names and vowel sounds, digit naming speed, and phoneme substitution skill explained all types of word reading. Syllable counting skills, however, had predictive value only for the reading of real words. Phoneme insertion skills and digit memory had predictive value for the reading of pseudo words and low frequency letters. Likewise, knowledge of consonant sounds and vowel stroke-adding principles were significant only for the reading of low frequency letters.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1998

This research focuses the safety problems for consumers with the viewpoint of behaviorism. Specially three issues are addressed: 1) Variables influencing the consumer's safety consciousness 2) The comparision of consumer's safety seeking behavior according to the product type 3) The relation of variables influencing the consumer's safety-seeking behaviors. In this paper, I deal with mainly the gas products and agricultural products and then observe the consumers' reaction for those two products concerning to the consumer's safety problem. For this purpose, I distributed the questionnaire to the residents I Seoul and suburban area of age between 20 and 60 years old. As a result, consumers put high values and concerns on general safety, but have quite negative concepts on society's safety problems generally. It was found that the consciousness on this problem was higher among those people who were reading journals for consumers, who have high education or high incomes, or who were unemployed house wives. In gas products, the level of consumer's safety seeking behavior and subareas were higher than in agricultural products. In the matter of the variables which affect the consumer's safety seeking behavior directly, those were safety consciousness variables and experience of reading journal for consumer in gas products, and safety consciousness vatiabls, consumer education experience, experience of injury, being employed and being married in agricultural products. Also as the result of path analysis, experience of reading journal for consumer, being employed, education and income level influenced indirectly the consumer safety seeking behavior.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.449-457
• /
• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Hangul font on reading speed when texts are displayed on the computer screen. Background: Reading performance is influenced by fonts. However, there are few studies of Hangul font from a cognitive perspective. Fonts could affect reading performance directly and indirectly, interacting with other visual-perceptual factors such as size, word spacing, and line spacing. Method: In experiment 1, two variables were manipulated; a frame condition(square frame non-square frame) and a stroke condition(serif sans-serif). According to each condition, one of the four fonts was applied to the texts. The height of the four fonts was controlled. The participants were asked to read aloud the presented texts. In experiment 2, the non-square frame fonts were adjusted to have approximately the same size, width, letter spacing, and word spacing as the square frame fonts. The experimental design and task used in experiment 2 were identical with experiment 1. Results: In general, reading speed was faster in the square frame fonts than in the non-square frame fonts. The reading speed was not significantly different across stroke conditions. Conclusion: The frame of Hangul font significantly influenced reading speed. These results suggest that the type of Hangul font is a factor to affect reading performance. Application: The frame of fonts should be considered in designing of new fonts. The square frame fonts should be the preferred choice to enhance legibility.