• Architectural research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the effect of office layouts and ambient office sounds on the performance of office workers involved with a proof-reading test (simple task). Twenty subjects, who were professional researchers and computer programmers, were from three different office layouts: 1) Nine subjects from a combined office type with open meeting places and closed individual offices; 2) five from an open office with rectangular individual workstations, and 3) six from an open office with triangular individual workstations. Architects and consultants working in the field of office have reported from interviews and their own observations that occupants' satisfaction differs as their office layouts vary although the sizes are the same. This finding leads to the hypothesis of this experiment. Proof-reading test results were obtained from three different office layouts (combined office type, rectangular and triangular individual workstations in open offices) under two different sound conditions (quiet background sound and ambient sound of their own workplace) for 10 minutes. The test analysis shows the mean test score of subjects from the triangular individual workstations in open offices is significantly different from the mean test scores of subjects from the combined office type and the rectangular individual workstations in open offices.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference between respiratory function and speech production, according to the seat surface inclination while in the sitting position. Methods: Respiratory function (FVC, FEV1) and speech production (inspiratory frequency, unit reading time, paragraph reading time) were measured in 3 sitting conditions: horizontal seat surface, seat surface tilted forward 15 degrees, and seat surface tilted backward 15 degrees. Results: We found that the mean values of FVC and FEV1 were statistically significant different according to three types of sitting positions (p<0.05). The following result was observed: forward tilted sitting > horizontal sitting > backward tilted sitting. There was no significant difference in speech production between the different positions. Respiratory function and speech production had a significantly negative correlation in the forward tilted condition and the backward tilted condition. Conclusion: This finding suggests that the seat surface inclination have an effect on respiratory function. Especially, forward tilted sitting may be an effective posture that may help increases the respiratory function.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

Phonological awareness, or consciousness of speech sounds and operational skill with them, develops in the order word > syllable > phoneme, over the ages of four to seven. Among the various types of phonological awareness tasks, the deletion task has a higher level of difficulty because it requires operation and deletion of sounds within words. This task also has a high correlation with reading proficiency. This study utilized a deletion task with 20 questions to see how operational development depended on age and gender. The deletion task, with 20 questions, was tested on four- to six-year old children developing normally (N = 90). The results showed that phonological awareness performance improved with age. This age effect was not accompanied by a gender effect; age and gender interacted. The study confirmed the development of phonological awareness in four- to six-year-old children who were developing normally. The deletion task can be used to effectively detect the risk of difficulties with phonological awareness in preschoolers with speech, language, and reading problems.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2014

This study stems from the work of Lehman et al. (Ergonomics, 2001) which concluded that standing yields better work performance, and from the growing health trend of recommending the reduction of the amount of time spent in sitting (Owen et al., Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 2010). Lajoie et al. (Experimental Brain Research, 1993) provided an initial significant contribution to a theory that standing requires a person to control balance, equating to demand higher productive output from the cognitive system than when a person is sitting. An assumption was formulated that standing position during class is feasible and can be adopted on the belief that it might contribute positive results to students' performance. The purpose of this study is to identify whether a body position during exams tested along with exposure durations has a significant effect on college students' performance. Mathematical analysis and reading comprehension exam was used to measure the cognitive performance of the students. Two factors, position and duration, were tested for significance with two levels each subjected to six replicates. Twenty-four students from the College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Ba$\tilde{n}$os were randomly selected. The experiment showed that the body position during exams is a significant factor for the Math exam, but insignificant for the Reading Comprehension exam.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.55-58
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• 2007

This study was investigated the effect of speech tasks on habitual pitch. Seven male and female young adult speakers participated in this study. The experiment consisted of seven different speech tasks: counting, reading, sustained phonation /a/, prolonged /i:/, answering /ne/. Data was analyzed via Visi-pitch IV. The results showed that there was no significant F0 difference among speech tasks.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.315-347
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the semantic preview effect in the parafoveal processing of words that are presented in advance in the parafoveal area ahead of the fixation point, benefiting word processing in the fovea. Using the boundary technique in eye-tracking experiments, 25 Chinese-Korean bilinguals, whose native language is Chinese, were presented with 96 sentences that contained a mix of Chinese and Korean, where Korean words were associated with Chinese characters semantically. The study aimed to determine whether a semantic preview effect could be extracted in reading. The experimental sentences were divided into four conditions: the same Korean native word condition (e.g., "나라" meaning "country"), the same Korean word with semantic equivalent in Chinese condition (e.g., "국가" meaning "country"), the same Chinese condition with semantic equivalent in Korean (e.g., "国家" meaning "country"), and the unrelated Chinese condition to the target word (e.g., "围裙" meaning "apron"). The results showed a preview effect in both the Korean word and Chinese word conditions, with a larger preview effect observed in the Chinese word condition compared to the Korean word condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.133-157
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the literature on the effects of school libraries in US and use it as a base material for the study on effects of local school libraries. For this study, 37 documents were selected and these documents were analyzed based on the research contents and research results. And School library variables were extracted and synthesized. As a result of the study, The documents analyzed the effect of school library on various objects by various variables and analyzed teacher-librarians as the most important school library variable. And the documents indicated the teacher-librarian's role as information literacy education, reading education and collaboration with teachers for teaching. In Korea, it is necessary to study the effect of school library on students with disabilities, multicultural families and economically weak and to link school library standards with school library effect studies.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.85-96
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of service factors of used book transactions, which are becoming a major service in online bookstores, on customer satisfaction and the effect of customer satisfaction on reuse intention. 235 samples were collected through a survey for users of used book transaction services in their 20s or older, and 205 surveys were adopted through the refining process. Hypotheses were verified through factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural model analysis using SPSS22.0 and AMOS22.0 statistical programs. Some factors were supported between service factors and customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction had a significant effect on reuse intention, and moderating effects according to the preferred genre of reading were founded. More differentiated services should be considered according to the customer's preferred genre, as the services of online bookstores are becoming more standardized, customers do not feel differentiated.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.238-253
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of flipped learning applied printed reading material (PRM) and getting implications for the application of flipped learning applied PRM. For the purpose of this study, we made the flipped learning programs applied printed reading material and applied them to the 6th grade science class in the elementary school. Selection of the applied test is considered the special feature of flipped learning and existing researches about the flipped learning. The PRM contains the Science words, conceptions, explanation about contents. And it was added to checking system by quiz. The results were as follows: The science class applied PRM was effective on increase in Korean elementary school students' the curiosity (in Intrinsic Goal Orientation) and attention (in Task Value) about science class content. There were no significant difference in the results of academic achievement. But the improvement of students' academic achievement in class applied PRM were bigger than that of those in class applied existing methods that follow the process of the teacher's guidebook in the same way. Students had the highest satisfaction about communication and environmental education in the class applied PRM.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.529-538
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• 2017

This study examines the effects of reading and story sharing through fairy tales on young children's character development in their role play using natural materials. To achieve this, 40 5-year-old children at early childhood educational institutes in Daejeon were tested 16 times for 8 weeks. The results were as follows. First, their role plays using natural objects through reading and talking had a positive effect on their personality cultivation. Second, there was no experimental difference in their prudence and filial piety of basic behavioral items, but their cleanliness and patience were proven effective in the experiment. Third, all their justice, conscience and service indicating their sociality-related friendship, kindness, gentleness and morality were proven effective in the experiment, which their role plays using natural objects through reading and story sharing through fairy tales had an educational effect on improving their sociality and morality through peer interaction. This suggests that their mind to improve social virtues with an exchange of emotions, particularly, treat natural role play in a friendly way, their public promises to cherish life, and their ethical virtues to obey the rules in the process of consideration, appreciation, understanding and help through mutual communication and cooperation in forest experience activities are very effective from an educational perspective.