• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제107권2호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2018

산지하천의 평균유속을 정확하게 추정하는 것은 하천의 수리적 흐름을 이해하고, 사방댐과 같은 사방구조물 최적 설계를 위해 중요하다. 산지하천의 평균 유속에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이나 최근에는 상대적으로 자료 확보가 용이한 유량 자료를 이용하여 유량과 평균유속의 관계를 파악하는 연구들이 많이 진행되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 8개소의 서로 다른 산지소하천에서 조사된 87회의 유량과 평균 유속 자료를 분석하였다. 산지하천의 유량과 평균유속을 측정하기 위해 salt-dilution 방법을 사용하였으며, 평균유속은 도달 시간의 조화 평균을 적용하여 구하였다. 하천의 거칠기 높이를 이용하여 유량과 유속과의 무차원 관계식을 도출하였다. 거칠기 높이는 하상재료의 $D_{50}$, $D_{84}$와 하상변위의 ${\sigma}_{pro}$, $IPR_{90}$를 이용하였으며, ${\sigma}_{pro}$와 $IPR_{90}$의 정확성이 더 높게 나타났다. 일반적으로 유량과 평균 유속은 지수함수 관계를 보였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제112권3호
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• pp.374-381
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• 2023

산지하천에서 발생하는 돌발홍수는 특정 지점의 점(Point) 유속보다는 전체 구간의 평균 유속에 따라 이동속도가 결정되며, 구간 평균유속은 하천경사, 하상재료, 수리적 거칠기에 많은 영향을 받는다. 이 연구에서는 하천경사 및 거칠기 높이를 이용하여 산지하천의 구간 평균유속 추정방법을 개발하였다. 염료추적자법(Dye Tracing)을 이용하여 특정 구간의 평균유속을 측정하고, LiDAR 영상으로부터 하천 지형 및 형상을 추출하였다. 거칠기 높이를 산정하기 위해 표면 거칠기 변수(R_a, R_max, R_z )와 하상재료의 크기(D₅₀, D₈₄)를 이용하였다. 현장 계측자료로부터 무차원 접근법을 이용하여 구간 평균유속과 유량과의 관계식 v = 0.5499Q^0.6165 을 도출하였으며, R² =0.77의 설명력을 나타냈다. 이 연구에 이용된 5개의 거칠기 높이 중 평균 거칠기 높이(R_a)의 RMSE가 0.45로서 다른 거칠기 높이의 범위(0.47-1.04)보다 낮게 나타나 평균 거칠기 높이(R_a)가 구간 평균유속 산정을 위한 거칠기 높이 인자로 가장 적합하다고 판단되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2014

Vacuum kinetic spray(VKS) is a relatively advanced process for fabricating thin/thick and dense ceramic coatings via submicron-sized particle impact at room temperature. However, unfortunately, the particle velocity, which is an important value for investigating the deposition mechanism, has not been clarified yet. Thus, in this research, VKS average particle velocities were derived by numerical analysis method(CFD: computational fluid dynamics) connected with an experimental approach(SCM: slit cell method). When the process gas or powder particles are accelerated by a compressive force generated by gas pressure in kinetic spraying, a tensile force generated by the vacuum in the VKS system accelerates the process gas. As a result, the gas is able to reach supersonic speed even though only 0.6MPa gas pressure is used in VKS. In addition, small size powders can be accelerated up to supersonic velocity by means of the drag-force of the low pressure process gas flow. Furthermore, in this process, the increase of gas flow makes the drag-force stronger and gas distribution more homogenized in the pipe, by which the total particle average velocity becomes higher and the difference between max. and min. particle velocity decreases. Consequently, the control of particle size and gas flow rate are important factors in making the velocity of particles high enough for successful deposition in the VKS system.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2003

This paper presents the hydraulic analysis of the oxygen transfer through the air entrainment and the relationships between the efficiency of the oxygen transfer and the hydraulic parameters in the riparian riffles. Field survey on the pool-riffle formation of the river reach and the measurements of the oxygen transfer in the riffles were performed. Air entrainment occurred more frequently in the edged gravels rather than in the round and edgeless ones, and it was formed mainly from behind the trailing edges of the gravels. Oxygen transfer was found to be proportional to the flow velocity, the flow discharge, and the Froude number, but to be not closely related to the particle diameter. Average value of oxygen transfer in the riffles of study area was about 0.085, which shows good efficiency compared with results of smooth chute. Variation of the water level, which increases in proportion to the flow velocity and the flow discharge, seems to make the air entrainment more active, but has not been verified quantitatively. Relationships between the air entrainment and the variation of the water level must be considered in the further study.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2020

국내 지형특성은 산지의 비율이 높아 토석류로 인한 피해 위험이 높다. 또한 기후변동성으로 인한 게릴라 국지성 호우는 토석류 재해의 발생빈도와 잠재적 위협을 증가시킨다. 토석류는 발생에 대한 예측이 어려워 거동특성을 분석하여 사전에 피해를 예방하는 것이 효과적이다. 본 연구는 공차와 평균경사가 각각 다른 경사지 형상을 FLO-2D를 사용하여 전파면과 경사면에 대해 발생하는 피해규모를 연구하였다. 수치모의를 통해 계산된 유속, 수심, 충격응력, 도달거리, 전파형상을 분석하였다. 수치모의 결과, 평균경사가 낮을수록 경사형상이 토석류 거동에 미치는 영향이 크며, 층격응력, 유속에서 분명한 차이를 나타낸다. 본 연구결과는 산지 주변 구조물 설계 및 시공 시 토석류 발생 피해 및 대비에 대해 참고할 자료가 될 것을 기대한다.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2016

In order to improve air quality of indoor environment, studies of the underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system for application in buildings are actively in progress based on temperature and air flow distribution. However, although the age of air is the major evaluation parameter, there has been very little study on this parameter for the UFAD system. In this study, we investigated the age of air to reach the air diffuser, which is installed at the bottom of the interior by the UFAD system. Computational fluid dynamics simulations showed no regular pattern to the maximum value of the age of air in accordance with air flow rate and the velocity at air diffuser. These factors can be deduced from air movement by considering that air emitted from air conditioners was rotated according to the bottom shape of the floor, and then, the age of air in the rotation center was increased. The average age of air of internal interior was reduced considerably as the flow velocity at the underfloor air diffuser was increased from 0.5 m/s to 1.0 m/s However, the age of air was not substantially affected with change in the air volume. Moreover, when the flow velocity at the underfloor air diffuser was higher than 1.0 m/s, the age of air showed no significant difference with change in air volume or height of measurement. These results imply that indoor air quality is more substantially influenced by flow velocity than air volume, and the appropriate flow velocity is 1 m/s or more.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.657-662
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• 2004

This paper presented is a case study of a real compressor rotor of a refinery plant for high speed balancing of flexible rotor. The rotor was tested in the expert high-speed balancing facility established by KIMM at early 2004. The capability of the facility can reach 40000rpm in rotation speed and 8 ton in rotor weight for high-speed balancing. The facility performs multi-plane at-speed balancing using influence coefficient from the vibration data measured at two pedestals. The test rotor had exceeded permissible criteria of vibration at initial run. But by processing a low-speed balancing at 1000 rpm and six trial run trying to calculate influence coefficient of rotor to the range of operating speed, the final result of high-speed balancing revealed a remarkable reduce of vibration at pedestal of the rotor.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1999

A modified gas tracer method was used to obtain reaeration coefficient from an artificial channel and a reach of Bokha stream, Ichon city. Propane was used as the tracer gas and Rhodamine-B dye as a dispersion and dulution tracer. Concentrations of propane in water sample were measured using a gas chromatograph and concentrationsof dye using UV-Spectrophotometer. To compare measured values with predicted values,commonly used 14 equations were selected . Results of this study suggested that the modified gas tracer method is a potentially useful procedure for th edetermination of reaeration cofficients. However, estimated reaeration coefficients from predictive equations were significantly different from that of this study. Therefore, when using predictive equations, careful selection of equation with consideration for hydraulic characteristics such as flow depth and average velocity, or use of newly derived predictive equation which is adequate for questioned stream would be needed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2720-2724
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• 2007

Field measurements have revealed that the pressure drop over a borehole during drilling of a slim oil well or a well with a long reach can depend significantly on the rotation speed of the drill pipe. An accurate prediction of the annular frictional pressure drop is therefore important for conditions where the annular clearance is small. An experimental study was carried out to study solid-liquid two phase flow in a slim hole annulus. Annular velocities of carrier fluids varied from 0.2 m/s to 1.5 m/s. The carrier fluids which were utilized included tap water and CMC water solutions. Pressure drops and average flow rates were measured for the parameters such as inner-pipe rotary speed, carrier fluid velocity, hole inclination and particle injection rate. For both water and CMC solutions, the higher the concentration of the solid particles is, the larger the pressure gradients become.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.549-555
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• 2006

In the present study, sterilizing and antibacterial performance tests of Polybutylene pipe with nano-silver were carried out in the testing bench of water supply facilities. Experimental results show that the average sterilizing and antibacterial rate of two micro-biological samples such as E. coli and S. aureus is about 90% in case of stillness experimental condition and 99% in case of flowing experimental condition, when elapsed time is 120 hours and 3 hours, respectively. Experimental results also show that the supply water velocity in nano-silver Polybutylene pipe varies from 1 m/s to 1.5 m/s, the elapsed time needed sterilizing rate reach to 100% decreases.