• ALGAE
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2023

Cryptic stages of diverse macroalgae present in natural substrata, "the bank of microscopic forms", were isolated into clonal cultures and identified based on both morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding. Approximately 120 clonal isolates from 308 natural substratum samples were collected from the entire coastline of Kuwait. Amongst these isolates, 77 (64%) were identified through DNA barcoding using the nuclear ribosomal small subunit, RuBisCO spacer (ITS2, tufa, rbcL, psaA, and psbA) and sequencing. Twenty-six isolates (34%) were identified in the division Chlorophyta, 18 (23%) as Phaeophyceae, and 33 (43%) as Rhodophyta. For all DNA sequences in this study, species-level cut off applied was ≥98% homology which depend entirely on the markers used. Three putative new records of Chlorophyta new for the Arabian Gulf were made: Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kützing, Ulva torta (Mertens) Trevisan and Ulvella leptochaete (Huber) R. Nielsen, C. J. O'Kelly & B. Wysor in Nielsen, while Cladophora gracilis Kützing and Ulva ohnoi M. Hiraoka & S. Shimada are new records for Kuwait. For Phaeophyceae, Ectocarpus subulatus Kützing and Elachista stellaris Areschoug were new records for the Gulf and Kuwait. In the Rhodophyta, Acrochaetium secundatum (Lyngbye) Nägeli in Nägeli & Cramer, Ceramium affine Setchell & N. L. Gardner, Gelidium pusillum var. pakistanicum Afaq-Husain & Shameel and Dasya caraibica Børgesen are new records for the Gulf and Kuwait, while the red alga Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) K. Drew is a new record for Kuwait. Several isolates identified corresponded to genera not previously reported in Kuwait and / or the Arabian Gulf, such as Porphyrostromium Trevisan, a new genus from the Bangiales, and two unidentified species for the Planophilaceae Škaloud & Leliaert. The isolates cultivated from substrata enhance understanding of the marine macroalgal diversity in the region and confirmed that the Germling Emergence Method is suitable for determining the actual diversity of a given study area through isolation from cryptic life-history phases.

• 환경생물
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.345-363
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• 2023

뗏목말과 녹조류는 담수생태계 주요 우점생물군으로, 형태적 가변성과 종 구분 기준의 복잡성이 증가하고 있어 전 세계 40속 약 380종의 계통분류체계는 명확하지 않다(Comas and Komárek 1984; Kim 2015a). 우리나라의 뗏목말과는 17속 119종이 알려져 있으나, Desmodesmus 속 38종의 계통관계에 대한 연구는 전무하다. 본 연구 결과는 우리나라 뗏목말과 Desmodesmus속 종간 계통관계를 다유전자 분석을 기반으로 제시한다. 본 연구는 국립낙동강생물자원관 담수생물자원은행 (FBCC)이 보유하고 있는 Desmodesmus속 19종(unidentifies spp 제외) 70개 배양주의 총 299개 유전자(핵 18S rRNA, 색소체 atpB, petA, rbcL, 및 tufA) 서열을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 Desmodesmus속 종의 생태 및 형태적 특징으로 유연관계를 추정하기는 매우 어려웠다. 그러나 색소체 유전자(atpB, petA, rbcL 및 tufA)는 핵 18S rRNA보다 높은 변이율(P-distance)을 보여주며 종간 계통관계 구축의 유용성을 보여주고 있다. 다유전자 유합계통수는 Desmodesmus속 내 6개 이상의 clades 구분을 제안하고 있다. Clade-1에는 D. serratus, unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 1 FBCC-A515, 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 2 FBCC-A1236를 포함하며, Clade-2는 D. communis, D. dispar, D. maximus, D. pannonicus 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 3 (FBCC-A724 와 FBCC-A725)를 포함한다. Clade-3는 D. bicaudatus와 D. intermedius의 2종을, Clade-4는 D. microspina, D. pleiomorphus, D. subspicatus, 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 10 (FBCC-A1279 및 FBCC-A1332)의 4종을, Clade-5는 D. abundans, D. spinosus, unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 4 FBCC-A1293, 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 5 (FBCC-A1277 등)의 4종을, Clade-6는 D. armatus, D. armatus var. longispina, D. opoliensis, unidentified Desmodesmus spp 6~9를 포함한다. 담수생물자원은행(FBCC) 배양주의 새로운 유전자 정보는 뗏목말과 녹조류의 종동정 및 분자생태학적 연구에 활용할 수 있다. 또한 분자계통 결과는 우리나라 Desmodesmus속 녹조류의 종다양성 정보 확대에 기여할 수 있다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2016

The establishment of a DNA barcode database at the regional scale and assessments of the utility of DNA barcodes are crucial for conservation biology and for the sustainable utilization of biological resources. Schisandraceae is a small family consisting of ca. 45 species. It contains many economically important species, such as Schisandra chinensis, which is widely used as a source in tonic beverages and in oriental medicine. In Korea, three species, S. chinensis, S. repanda, and Kadsura japonica, are distributed. We evaluated the level of variation of the DNA sequences of rbcL, matK, and the ITS regions from 13 accessions representing the distributional range of the three species. The three DNA barcode regions were easily amplified and sequenced. The minimum values of the interspecific genetic distances among S. chinensis, S. repanda, and K. japonica either separately or in combination are 4- to 23-fold higher than the maximum value of the intraspecific distance, showing that there is a clear DNA barcoding gap in the regions for Korean Schisandraceae. Phylogenetic analyses of the three DNA barcode regions, separately and simultaneously, indicate that all of the DNA barcode regions are useful for identifying a species of Schisandraceae in Korea. The distinctiveness of the three species of Schisandraceae was also supported at the species level when Chinese and Japanese populations were added. The results of this study indicate that three concatenated regions constitute the best option for DNA barcoding in Schisandraceae in Korea.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Background: Species in the heterokont genus Synura are colonial and have silica scales whose ultrastructural characteristics are used for classification. We examined the ultrastructure of silica scales and molecular data (nuclear SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA, and plastid rbcL sequences) to better understand the taxonomy and phylogeny within the section Petersenianae of genus Synura. In addition, we report the first finding of newly recorded Synura species from Korea. Results: We identified all species by examination of scale ultrastructure using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Three newly recorded species from Korea, Synura americana, Synura conopea, and Synura truttae were described based on morphological characters, such as cell size, scale shape, scale size, keel shape, number of struts, distance between struts, degree of interconnections between struts, size of base plate pores, keel pores, base plate hole, and posterior rim. The scales of the newly recorded species, which belong to the section Petersenianae, have a well-developed keel and a characteristic number of struts on the base plate. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from three genes in 32 strains (including three outgroup species). The results provided strong statistical support that the section Petersenianae was monophyletic, and that all taxa within this section had well-developed keels and a defined number of struts on the base plate. Conclusions: The phylogenetic tree based on sequence data of three genes was congruent with the data on scale ultrastructure. The resulting phylogenetic tree strongly supported the existence of the section Petersenianae. In addition, we propose newly recorded Synura species from Korea based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters: S. americana, S. conopea, and S. truttae.

• ALGAE
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.93-110
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• 2023

Progress in phylogenomic analysis has led to a considerable re-evaluation of former cyanobacterial system, with many new taxa being established at different nomenclatural levels. The family Geminocystaceae is among cyanobacterial taxa recently described on the basis of polyphasic approach. Within this family, there are six genera: Geminocystis, Cyanobacterium, Geminobacterium, Annamia, Picocyanobacterium, and Microcrocis. The genus Geminocystis previously encompassed two species: G. herdmanii and G. papuanica. Herein, a new species G. urbisnovae was proposed under the provision of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Polyphasic analysis was performed for five strains from the CALU culture collection (St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation), and they were assigned to the genus Geminocystis in accordance with high 16S rRNA gene similarity to existing species, as well as because of proximity to these species on the phylogenetic trees reconstructed with RaxML and Bayes methods. Plausibility of their assignment to a separate species of the genus Geminocystis was substantiated with smaller cell size; stenohaline freshwater ecotype; capability to complementary chromatic adaptation of second type (CA2); distinct 16S rRNA gene clustering; sequences and folding of D1-D1' and B box domains of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region. The second objective pursued by this communication was to provide a survey of the family Geminocystaceae. The overall assessment was that, despite attention of many researchers, this cyanobacterial family has been understudied and, especially in the case of the crucially important genus Cyanobacterium, taxonomically problematic.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2016

한국에 분포하는 두릅나무과 식물 대부분은 중요한 약용 식물로 경제적인 가치가 크다. 본 연구는 분자적 방법인 엽록체 DNA 바코드 염기서열 분석을 통해 한국에 자생하고 있는 두릅나무과 식물 14종 전체의 속 및 종간 유연관계를 파악해 보고 이를 구별할 수 있는 마커를 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 국제 생물 DNA 바코드 컨소시엄(CBOL, the Consortium for the Barcode of Life)이 DNA barcoding marker로 제안한 엽록체 DNA 7영역의 염기서열을 분석한 결과, psbA-trnH영역에서 가장 많은 삽입, 결실 및 염기치환이 나타났으며 조사된 한국의 두릅나무과 식물 14종 모두 구분 될 수 있었다. 또한 각각의 영역에서 특정 속과 종만이 지니는 특이적인 염기서열을 찾을 수 있었다. 인삼의 경우 중국삼과 한국삼의 염기서열에는 차이가 전혀 없었다. 7영역을 모두 유합하여 작성한 계통수에서는 통탈목이 특이성을 나타내며 가장 기부에 분계조를 형성하였다. 두릅나무속과 인삼속은 자매군을 형성하였고, 오갈피속 5 종 역시 서로 높은 유연관계를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 한국에 자생하는 14종의 두릅나무과 식물들이 모두 엽록체 DNA 바코드 마커 개발을 통해 동정이 가능함을 확인하였다.