• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.309-319
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the maternal separation anxiety depending on the quality of day care and mother's self-esteem. subjects consisted of 187 mothers who had children from 60 t 36 months of age. the instruments used were the questionnaires which consisted of the Maternal separation anxiety scale(Cho and park, 1992), Self-Esteem Inventory(Coopersmith, 1967), and the checklist which consisted of the early childhood environment Rating scale(Harms & Clifford, 1980) and the Family Day Care Rating scale(Harms & Clifford, 1989). The datas were analyzed by the statistical method based o frequency, percentile, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The main results were as follows : First, there was a significant difference in maternal separation anxiety by mothers' age and not by their educational levels. Second, there were no significant differences in maternal separation anxiety by children's age, sex, and girth order. Third, there was no significant difference in maternal separation anxiety by quality of day 2 care, size of group, and adult-child ratio. Forth, there was a significant differences in maternal separation anxiety by mother's self-esteem.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.20-28
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• 2017

Background: Rasch analysis has the advantage of placing both the items and the person along a single ratio scale and calibrates person ability and item difficulty onto an interval scale by logits. Therefore, Rasch analysis has been recommended as a better method for evaluating functional outcome questionnaires than traditional analyses. Objects: The aim of current study was to investigate item fit, item difficulty, rating scale, and separation index of the Korean version of the Fullerton Advanced Balance (KFAB) scale using Rasch analysis. Methods: In total, 93 patients with stroke (male=58, female=35) participated in this study. To investigate the item fit, difficulty, rating scale, and separation index of the KFAB scale, Rasch analysis was completed by the Winsteps software program. Results: In this study, all items of the KFAB scale were included in the Rasch model. The most difficult item was 'standing with feet together and eyes closed', and the easiest item was 'two-footed jump'. The rating scale was a 4-point scale instead of the original 5-point scale. Person and item separation indices showed high values that can identify a person with a wide range of balance ability. Conclusion: The KFAB scale appears to be a reliable and valid tool to assess balance function in patients with stroke. Furthermore, the scale was found to discriminate among stroke patients of varying balance abilities.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the psychometric properties of the vocational ability scale used in the 8th Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled in Korea by using the Rasch model. The sample data was collected from 398 individuals with intellectual disabilities. Item fitness, item difficulty, the appropriateness of the rating scale, and the separation index of the vocational ability scale were evaluated. All 15 items show an appropriate fitness level. The analysis of item difficulty indicate that modifications are required. Specifically, the need for the addition of less difficult question items is identified. The use of a 5-point rating scale is shown to decrease the test difficulty in terms of clarity and readability when appropriate and a 4-point modification is also determined as appropriate. With respect to the outcomes of the analysis, the person separation reliability value and separation index are high, and the reliability of the items is also high.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

Background: The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) was developed to measure of gait-related activities. The FGA was translated in Korean but only a few psychometric characteristics had been studied. Objects: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of FGA scale using Rasch analysis. Methods: The study included 120 patients with stroke (age range=30~83 years; mean${\pm}$standard deviation=$58.3{\pm}11.1$). The FGA and Berg Balance Scale were performed, and were analysed for dimensionality of the scale, item difficulty, scale reliability and separation, and item-person map using Rasch analysis. Results: The 4 rating scale categories of FGA were satisfied with optimal rating scale criteria. The most items of the FGA showed sound item psychometric properties except 2 items ('gait with the horizontal head turns', and 'gait with narrow base of support'), and the 2 misfit items were excluded for all further analyses. The 8 items were arranged in order of difficulty. The most difficult item was 'gait with eyes closed', the middle difficult item was 'gait level surface', and the easiest item was 'gait with vertical head turns.' A person separation reliability was .93 and the person separation index was 3.57. Conclusion: This study suggests that the 8-item Korean FGA are valid measure of assess the gait-related balance performance, and to set the goal of rehabilitation plan in patient with stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.148-160
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• 1990

This paper reports on the development of the Children's Separtion Rating Scale(CSRS), its initial reliability and validity, and clinical/research utility with psychiatrically hospitalized children. The CSRS appears to be a reliable and valid instrument, and useful in distinguishing children's separation reaction from their general psychopathology. It may be also useful in aiding clinicians in differential diagnosis. This study points to the need for further understanding of children's psychiatric hospitalization in relation to their separation reaction and its possible untoward effects. Findings of this pilot study support the notion that inpatient treatment programs should address the developmental needs and abilities of the various age groups and the particular deficits reflected in their psychopathology.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.231-245
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• 2005

Recruited from Korean-Chinese preschools and elementary schools in Shenyang and Harbin, China, 150 caregivers of Korean-Chinese children separated from their parents provided general information about the separation(reason and duration of parent-child separation, present location of parents, etc.). They also filled out information about children's responses as to when the children had been separated and about children's behavior problems(Behavior Rating Scale, Behar & Stringfield, 1974). Results showed that most of the children were cared-for by relatives. Caregivers reported that the separated children adjusted positively to parent-child separation and were not anxious about living with a caregiver. There were significant differences in children's behavior problems by duration of separation from mother and frequency of contact between parent and caregiver.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the functional category, the item structure and the model-data fit of the neck disability index (NDI) of neck pain subjects by performing a Rasch rating scale analysis. Methods: The data was obtained from the assessments of 71 college students (males: 27, females: 44) with neck pain. The data of the NDI was applied to the Rasch's rating scale model to estimate the difficulty of items, the goodness-of-fit of each item, the separation reliability and index, and the rating scale. Results: The 'sleep' item showed misfit and nine items were founds to be fits for self-reporting of disability due to neck pain. The most difficult item of the remaining 9 items was 'work' and the easiest item was 'headache'. The transformation formula score=(logit score+7.10)/(7.10+0.11)$\times$100. The 6 response levels of the NDI were validated according to the structure of the rating scale. The item and subject reliability of the separation reliability was 0.97 and 0.85, respectively. Conclusion: We proved that the NDI for self-reporting of disability of daily activities due to mild neck pain was valid and reliable. This study suggests that individuals with mild neck pain may be assessed by using the modified NDI that does not include the 'sleep' item in the 10 items of NDI.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2017

Background: The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) was developed to assess of balance ability in children with balance problem. The PBS was translated into Korean and its reliability had been studied. However, it had need to be verified using psychometric characteristics including item fit and rating scale. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the item fit, item difficulty, and rating scale of the Korean version of PBS using Rasch analysis. Methods: In total, 40 children with cerebral palsy (CP) (boy=17, girl=23) who were diagnosed with level 1 or 2 according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System participated in this study. The PBS was performed, and was verified regarding the item fit, item difficulty, rating scale, and separation index and reliability using Rasch analysis. Results: In this study, the 'transfer', and 'turning to look behind left and right shoulders while standing still' item showed misfit statistics. in total 40 children with CP. Also, 'transfer', 'standing unsupported with feet together' and 'standing with one foot in front' items showed misfit statistics in diplegia CP group. Regardless of the classification of CP, the most difficult item was 'standing on one foot', whereas the easiest item was 'sitting with back unsupported and feet supported on the floor'. The 4 rating scale categories of PBS were acceptable with all criteria. Both item and person separation indices and reliability showed acceptable values. Conclusion: The PBS has been proven reliable, valid and is an appropriate tool, but it needs to modify the items of PBS according to CP classification.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.450-456
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• 1998

A rotordynamic analysis is performed with a centrifuge rotor-bearing system for the raing speed of 100,000 rpm. The system is composed of a centrifuge rotor(or simply the rotor), flexible shaft, motor rotor and shaft, and two support rolling element bearings of the motor shaft. Design goals are to achieve wide separation margins of critical speeds and favorable unbalance responses of the rotor at the associated critical speeds. The latter requirements are especially important as the system crosses multiple numbers of critical speeds and as the system may not have enough separaton margins around the rating speed. As the system adopts an extra-flexible shaft, it is shown that the rotor has satisfactory small unbalance responses over higher criticals while having an unsatisfactory large one at the first critical. To supress this a bumper ring or guide bearing needs to be installed at a suitable location of the flexible shaft. It is also shown that even with the flexible shaft the dynamics of the motor must be incoporated into the full system model to accurately identify the fourth critical speed, which is close to the rating speed, and higher ones. The analysis is based on the finite element method.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2006

In this study, we developed a program to estimate discharge efficiently considering major hydraulic characteristic including water level, river bed, water slope and roughness coefficient in a natural river. Stream discharge was measured at Gongju gauge station located in the down stream of the Daechung Dam during normal and dry seasons from 2003 to 2004. The developed model was compared with the results from the existing rating curve at T/M gage stations, and was used for runoff analyses. Evaluating the developed river discharge estimation program, it was applied during 1983-2004 that base flow separation method and RRFS (Rainfall Runoff Forecasting System) which is based on SSARR (Streamflow Synthesis And Resevoir Regulation). The result presents the stage-discharge curve creator range at the Gong-ju is overestimated by approximately $10-20\%$, especially at the low stage. It is attributed to the hydraulic characteristics at the study. The discharge simulated by the RRFS and base flow separation, which is calibrated using the measurement at the early spring and late fall season during relatively d]v season, shows the least errors. The coefficient of roughness at Gongju station varied with the high and low water level.