• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.11 s.172
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• pp.905-914
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• 2006

For an accurate rainfall-runoff simulation in the river basin, not evaluation of runoff model but accurate runoff data are very important. In this study, SSARR model was applied to the Geum River basin and these results are compared with runoff data observed at the Gongju gauging station. The model results didn't good fit the discharge data determined from the rating curve at Gongju gauging station during normal and dry season, especially. For the reliability analysis for the existing rating curve, we observed new stream discharge set from 2003 to 2005. We also estimated long term runoff data from the base flow separation method and defined the hydraulic characteristics. The results show that the new observed stream discharge is similar to the rainfall-runoff model results but existing rating curve seems to be overestimated about 10-20% during normal and dry season. We found that the continuous monitoring and update for the existing rating curve at the gaging station are needed for accurate estimation of runoff data.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.6 s.167
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• pp.487-494
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• 2006

The flood discharge on the rising limb of a hydrograph at Hwawon station greatly differs from the flood discharge on the falling limb for the same stage. When there is such a big hysteresis, there can be a significant amount of errors in the rated discharge obtained from a simple rating curve. To reduce errors in rated discharges, a looped rating curve was established for Hwawon station in the Nakdong River. In order to compute the deviation between real discharges and simply rated discharges, a simple rating curve was established using the stage and discharge data from the results of a hydraulic channel routing. The relationship between the discharge deviation ${\Delta}Q$ and a product of B and ${\Delta}h/{\Delta}t$ was analysed, where B is the channel topwidth; ${\Delta}h$ is the stage increment; At is the time increment. Strong relation between ${\Delta}Q$ and $B{\Delta}h/{\Delta}t$ was found. The discharges calculated from the relationship show differences by 10 % or less for the 7 observations out of 11 observations in 1997 whose stages exceeds 7 m. The observed discharges for the stages over 9 m in 1998 also show small difference with the discharges estimated from the loop rating curve. Looped rating curve is recommended, instead of the simple rating curve to reduce the errors of rated discharges for gauging stations like Hwawon, which has relatively large loop width.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.61-71
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• 1988

The stage-discharge relation curve(rating curve) is the basic formula in hydrologic analysis. It plays an important role in converting to the discharge from available flood water level data including the daily mean stage. However, the river induces a cross section change at the gauging station because of the composed material of the river bed and three processes of the stream flow; i.e., erosion, transportation, and sedimentation. Rating curve has to be revised according to the temporal variation of the river bed due to the those factors. In this study, the basic rating curve is developed with respect to the current river bed to convert the existing rating curves and also to seize the hydraulic and geometric characteristics for the temporal variation of the river bed, relationships among the basic rating curve and the existing rating curves, water level, cross sectional area, and flow velocity are analyzed. Indogyo station, which is not only the key station of the Han river but also greatly changed the river bed after completion of the Han river development plan during the year 1983 to 1986, was chosen for the study. In this study, the river bed is assumed in a dynamic equilibrium condition. The basic rating curve is developed using hydrologic data of the physical year of 1987. For a given discharge, relationships for conversion of previous data, stage and velocity, the current one are formulated. To verify the usefulness of the relationships, stage-cross sectional area and stage velocity formula are also derived. Both hydrologic method using continuity equation and statistical method by the rating curve are compared and checked, then the validation of the both are positively shown.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.1B
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• pp.81-87
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• 2010

On the SSang-chi gauging station, the discharge had been measured by the rod float method for the past twelve years. However the shifts of the rating curves are too big to be accepted. The major factors of rating curve variation were reviewed for shift analysis. To estimate the discharge measured by rod float method, two cross sections and their stages are generally required. But, the rating curves had been derived only with the observed depth of gauging station since the cross sections were not available. To correct the errors, the reference rating curve was developed. In this study, the water surface slopes of the curve were simulated by RMA2 model. The historical rating curves were re-developed by the calculated discharges on the base of the water surfaces. The results show that the range of fluctuation decreased and rating curves in recent years are physically reasonable.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.4 s.153
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• pp.271-280
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• 2005

The goal of this study is to recommend a new type of stage-discharge rating curve ($Q=p(h-e)^{\beta}-{\gamma}$) useful for satisfying divergence, and one other seemingly irresolvable problem related to exited rating curves, while also extending this rating curve model. The problem of divergence is that during the finding of the CZF (cease-to-zero flow) parameter e and while minimizing the sum of total errors of the estimated curve, the exponential parameter ${\beta}$ become an abnormally large value. The insoluble problem is that when the value e is greater then the recorded minimum at the gauged stage, it is impossible to have a negative logarithm value (h-e). The two problems above can be satisfied by adapting the control value ${\gamma}$, which affects the reduction of ${\gamma}$ and gives us the possibility of controlling (h-e) over zero. The study results show that the effects of parameter ${\gamma}$ are very similar to that of e when conducting physical and sensitivity analyses. This system can be used towards developing a new stage-discharge rating curve for river discharge, for use in evaluating the acceptability of existing stage-discharge rating curves generated by using hydrologic analyses at all stations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2022

기후 변화에 따른 집중호우의 증가로 유례없는 홍수가 발생하기도 한다. 홍수 대비를 위한 수리구조물 설계 및 홍수 예측을 위해서는 기초자료인 유량 자료가 중요하며, 이는 Rating-curve를이용하여 산정하는 것이 일반적이다. 하지만, 이를 기왕의 데이터가 부족한 지역과 적용수위 이상에 대해 적용하는 것에 한계가 있다. 2020년 8월 섬진강에 발생한 홍수는 홍수량의 추정이 어려울 뿐 아니라 기존의 Rating curve를 활용하여 홍수량을 추정하는데 한계가 있다. 섬진강 하천정비기본계획(2021)에 따르면 섬진강 남원(신덕리) 관측소는 100년 빈도 홍수량이 7,470m³/s인 반면, 선형 보간을 통한 Rating curve 외삽 결과 약 23,000m³/s로 많은 차이 나는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 외삽의 불확실성과 직접 측량에 어려움이 있는 홍수기 유량 추정을 위해 수리학적 해석 방법을 이용한 간접유량 산정기법을 제시하였다. 수치해석모형을 이용하여 홍수사상을 재현하고, 이를 역으로 이용하여 관측 수위와 근접한 계산 결과를 보인 입력 자료로부터 대상 지역의 유량을 간접적으로 산정하였다. 상류단 유량자료의 생성을 위하여 Rating curve의 변수에 대하여 무작위 조합을 생성하였고, K-River(1차원 수리해석 모형)를 이용하여 MCS(Monte Carlo Simulation)를 수행하였다. 계산된 수위와 관측 수위간 수위 재현성 평가(NSE, RSR)를 통해 최적 결과를 나타낸 Rating Curve의 변수들로부터 경계조건의 Rating Curve를 산정하였다. 방법론의 검증을 위해 요천 합류부에 적용하였으며, 그 결과 기존 곡선식의 외삽에 따른 유량 자료의 수위 재현성과 비교하여 개선된 것을 확인하였다. 이를 활용하여 수자원 유량 자료의 신뢰도 개선에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2000

Derivation of stage-discharge relationship and characteristics for Yangsan river is presented in this paper. This research has been conducted as the second one after the first trial in 1997. The determination of discharge at a Yangsan river gauging was best made by measuring the flow velocities with a current meter and rod float. The rating curve obtained through 52 stage-discharge measurements on Yangsan river basin in 1999 is represented by Q=15.3540-140.6076H+182.44372H$^2$, which is discovered to be most excellent among other curves in reliability analysis. The observed stage-discharge data for Yangsan river was tested by HEC-RAS program, and reproduction of discharge by the induced curve was investigated and compared with the computational results. The rating curve of Yangsan river shows characteristics of Yangsan river more accurately compared with those separated in terms of water levels.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.683-686
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• 2008

Flood damage has been increased due to the abnormal climate and extreme rainfall. So, quantitative and qualitative hydrologic data should be improved in oder to enhance accuracy of hydrologic forecast. However, research regarding hydrologic data have not been thorough enough. Therefore, in this study, monte carlo simulation was applied to rainfall runoff model to improve the reliability of runoff analysis and risk analysis. Rainfall-Stage-Discharge curve was developed as a consequence of MCS and it is possible to get correct rating curve for high water level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.91-98
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• 2000

Derivation of stage-discharge relationship and characteristics for Yangsan river is presented in this paper. This research has been conducted as the second one after the first trial of 1997. The determination of discharge at a Yangsan river gauging was best made by measuring the flow velocities with a current meter and rod float. The rating curve obtained through 52 stage-discharge measurements on Yangsan river basin in 1999 is represented by Q=15.3540-140.6076H+182.44372$H^2$, which is discovered to be most excellent among other curves in reliability analysis. The capability of the observed stage-discharge data for Yangsan river was tested by HEC-RAS program, and its capability to reproduce discharge was investigated and compared with the computational results. Rating curve stability is determined on the basis of deviations in the stage-discharge relationship, utilization of specific gauge, and absolute differences between sequential stream flow measurements and an analysis residuals. Therefore it seems necessary to research method to obtain rating curve in a rigorous and accurate manner.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.807-816
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• 2015

In general, the water stage-discharge relationship curve is established based on the assumptions of linearity and homoscedasticity. However, the relationship between the water stage and discharge is affected from geomorphological factors, which violates the basic assumptions of the water stage-discharge relationship curve. In order to reduce the error due to the violations, the curve is divided into several sections based on the manager's judgement considering change of cross-sectional shape. In this research, the objective-splitting criteria of the curve is proposed based on the measured data without the subjective decision. First, it is assumed that the coefficient of variation follows the normal distribution. Then, if the newly calculated coefficient of variation is outside of the 95% confidential interval, the curve is divided. Namely, the groups is divided by the characteristics of the coefficient of variation and the reasonable criteria is provided for establishing a multi-segmented rating curve. To validate the proposed method, it was applied to the data generated by three artificial power functions. In addition, to confirm the applicability of the proposed method, it is applied to the water stage and discharge data of the Muju water stage gauging station and Sangegyo water stage gauging station. As a result, it is found that the automatically divided rating curve improves the accuracy and extrapolation accuracy of the rating curve. Finally, through the residual analysis using Shapiro-Wilk normality test, it is confirmed that the residual of water stage-discharge relationship curve tends to follow the normal distribution.