• Mycobiology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2005

Variability in growth and sporulation of five isolates of Arthrobotrys dactyloides was studied on five agar, 6 bran and 5 grain media. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) supported maximum growth of isolate A, C and E, while growth of isolate Band D was significantly lower on this medium. On Czapek's agar and yeast glucose agar media the differentiation in the isolates in relation to growth was poor than PDA. The other two media showed much poorer differentiation. On Czapek's agar medium, sporulation was recorded in isolate B only, whereas other isolates showed rare sporulation. Among the bran media, pea bran agar medium supported maximum growth of all the isolates except isolate B. Gram and rice bran agar media were next best. However, the growth of isolate B on the gram bran agar medium was more or less equal as other isolates. On pigeon pea bran agar medium, isolate E failed to grow while other isolates recorded poor growth. On lentil bran agar medium, only isolate Band D recorded little growth, whereas other isolates failed to grow. All the isolates recorded good sporulation on bran agar media except pigeon pea and lentil bran agar media. The grain agar media supported moderate to very good growth of all the isolates. In general isolate B remained slow growing on these media except gram grain and sorghum grain agar media on which growth of this isolate was comparable to other isolates. Sporulation in general, was good on all the grain agar media. Among different substrates screened, barley grain and pea bran were found superior to others for mass culture of isolate A of A. dactyloides.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.1087-1093
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• 1998

Mucormycosis is the common name given to several different diseases caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. The mucoraceae are ubiquitous fungi and are common inhabitants of decaying matter. In contrast to the widespread distribution of these fungi, disease in humans is limited, in most cases, to people with severe immunocompromised, diabetes mellitus, or trauma. 1be fungus gains entry to the body through the respiratory tract. The spores are presumably deposited in the nasal turbinates and may be inhaled into the pulmonary alveoli. The manifestations of mucormycosis are rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and miscellaneous. Sporadic reports can be found of mucormycosis involving other areas : heart, bones, kidney, bladder, mediastinum, and trachea. However, isolated tracheal mucormycosis is very rare. Therefore, we report a 57-year old, noninsulin dependent diabetic woman who presented with acute, severe degree of upper airway obstruction due to isolated mucormycosis of the trachea.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.80-82
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• 2010

화경버섯은 동아시아 지역에서 독버섯으로 알려져 있지만, 최근에 Illudin S가 항암효과가 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 이 버섯은 자연조건에서 매우 드물게 발견되는 버섯이다. 그래서 우리는 미래에 약리학적 연구를 위해 충분한 양의 버섯을 얻고자 이에 대한 톱밥재배를 시도하였다. 버섯은 실험한 모든 톱밥배지에서 수확할 수 있었고, 버섯 생산성과 재배기간을 고려할 때 화경버섯의 재배는 소나무 톱밥배지를 이용하는 것이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 버섯은 600 g 배지당 평0균 43~80 g이 생산되었고, 재배기간 동안 1~3회 버섯을 수확할 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2021

Cryptococcus neoformans는 주로 면역이 저하된 환자에서 기회 감염을 일으키는 진균이다. 그러나 면역이 정상인 환자에서도 다양한 감염을 일으킬 수 있다. 림프절을 침범한 폐 크립토코쿠스증은 정상 면역을 가진 사람에서는 상대적으로 드물게 발생한다. 고열과 지속적인 기침을 주소로 병원에 온 17세 여자 청소년이 가슴X선 영상검사 및 컴퓨터단층촬영에서 전방 종격동에서 우측 쇄골하 부위까지 침범된 종괴를 보여 초음파 유도하 총생검 검사로 크립토코쿠스증을 진단하였다. 각종 면역 검사에서는 이상 소견이 발견되지 않았다. 환자는 2주간 암포테리신 B와 플루시토신으로 치료 후 8개월간 플루코나졸로 치료하였고 완쾌되었다. 본 증례를 통해 크립토코쿠스증의 특징을 이해하고 정상 면역 환자에게서도 크립토코쿠스증이 발생할 수 있음을 염두에 두고 진단을 내리는 것이 바람직하겠다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

병풀(Centella asiatica L. Urban)은 피부상처의 치료제 등의 원료로 해마다 해외 수입량은 증가하고 있으나 국내의 자생하는 Centella asiatica종의 조사 및 재배에 관한 연구는 극히 미진하다. 따라서 본 연구는 경상남도 합천의 농가에서 재배중인 국내 자생종인 병풀에 대하여 항균성, 항염증 등을 조사하고, 피부의 상처 및 노화와 관련된 미백효능과 주름개선효과 등에 관한 기초 실험을 수행한 결과 항균 및 항염증 효능은 메탄올 추출물 그리고 미백효능은 물로 추출한 경우에 가장 높은 효능을 확인 할 수 있었으며 보다 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다. 7종의 세균과 1종의 곰팡이에 대하여 50% 메탄올로 추출한 병풀 추출물을 처리한 결과 대부분의 세균들은 대조군으로 처리한 오미자 추출물군과 비교하여 유사하거나 낮은 수준의 유의한 항균력을 나타내었으나 S. pyogenes은 유일하게 병풀추출물에서만 항균력을 보였다. 곰팡이인 C. albicans는 병풀과 오미자 모두의 처리에 대하여 항균활성을 확인 할 수가 없었다. Raw 264.7세포를 이용한 항염증효능을 조사한 결과 50%메탄올로 추출한 추출물을 농도별로 처리한 결과 대조구에 비하여 50% 이상의 산화질소 생성량이 감소함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 한편 B16F10세포주를 이용한 미백효능을 조사한 결과에서는 물로 추출한 추출물을 처리한 결과 대조구에 비하여 멜라닌의 농도가 약 20%까지 감소하였음을 확인하였다. NHDF세포를 이용하여 병풀추출물을 처리한 결과 주름개선효능의 지표에 해당하는 MMP-1의 급격한 감소율을 나타내는 처리농도(400 ppm)를 확인하였으나 강한 세포독성도 동시에 확인이 되어 향후 추가연구가 필요한 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2004

오이와 방울토마토에 Glomus sp.를 종자파종과 고형배지경에 정식시 각각 접종하여 생장과 수량반응 및 균근 감염 양상 등을 비교 검토하였다. 오이와 방울토마토의 초장, 엽수, 엽면적 및 건물중 등의 전반적인 생장은 무접종 < 정식시 균근균 접종 < 파종시 균근균 접종의 순으로 양호하였으며, 과실수량반응은 종자파종시에 균근균을 접종할 경우 과실의 생체중이 가장 높게 나타났고, 과실의 당도도 증가하였다. 균근감염은 오이와 방울토마토 모두 주로 균사에 의하여 이루어 졌고. vesicle와 arbuscule에 의한 감염은 극히 적었다. 뿌리체내 균근균 감염율은 종자파종시 균근균 접종원 처리의 경우가 정식시에 균근균 접종원을 처리한 경우보다 높았다. 균근균 접종에 따른 과실 수확을 보면 오이의 경우 주당 과실수가 증가하였고, 토마토의 경우 주당 과실의 수확 중량이 증가하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.770-774
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• 2020

Background: Fermentation has been shown to improve the biological properties of plants and herbs. Specifically, fermentation causes decomposition and/or biotransformation of active metabolites into high-value products. Polyacetylenes are a class of polyketides with a pleiotropic profile of bioactivity. Methods: Column chromatography was used to isolate compounds, and extensive NMR experiments were used to determine their structures. The transformation of polyacetylene in red ginseng (RG) and the production of cazaldehyde B induced by the extract of RG were identified by TLC and HPLC analyses. Results: A new metabolite was isolated from RG fermented by Chaetomium globosum, and this new metabolite can be obtained by the biotransformation of polyacetylene in RG. Panaxytriol was found to exhibit the highest antifungal activity against C. globosum compared with other major ingredients in RG. The fungus C. globosum cultured in RG extract can metabolize panaxytriol to Metabolite A to survive, with no antifungal activity against itself. Metabolites A and B showed obvious inhibition against NO production, with ratios of 42.75 ± 1.60 and 63.95 ± 1.45% at 50 µM, respectively. A higher inhibitory rate on NO production was observed for Metabolite B than for a positive drug. Conclusion: Metabolite A is a rare example of natural polyacetylene biotransformation by microbial fermentation. This biotransformation only occurred in fermented RG. The extract of RG also stimulated the production of a new natural product, cazaldehyde B, from C. globosum. The lactone in Metabolite A can decrease the cytotoxicity, which was deemed to be the intrinsic activity of polyacetylene in ginseng.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2015

Currently, taxol is mainly extracted from the bark of yews; however, this method can not meet its increasing demand on the market because yews grow very slowly and are a rare and endangered species belonging to first-level conservation plants. Recently, increasing efforts have been made to develop alternative means of taxol production; microbe fermentation would be a very promising method to increase the production scale of taxol. To determine the activities of the taxol extracted from endophytic fungus N. sylviforme HDFS4-26 in inhibiting the growth and causing the apoptosis of cancer cells, on comparison with the taxol extracted from the bark of yew, we used cellular morphology, cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay, staining (HO33258/PI and Giemsa), DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry (FCM) analyses to determine the apoptosis status of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, cervical cancer HeLa cells and ovarian cancer HO8910 cells. Our results showed that the fungal taxol inhibited the growth of MCF-7, HeLa and HO8910 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. IC50 values of fungal taxol for HeLa, MCF-7 and HO8910 cells were $0.1-1.0{\mu}g/ml$, $0.001-0.01{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.01-0.1{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The fungal taxol induced these tumor cells to undergo apoptosis with typical apoptotic characteristics, including morphological changes for chromatin condensation, chromatin crescent formation, nucleus fragmentation, apoptotic body formation and G2/M cell cycle arrest. The fungal taxol at the $0.01-1.0{\mu}g/ml$ had significant effects of inducing apoptosis between 24-48 h, which was the same as that of taxol extracted from yews. This study offers important information and a new resource for the production of an important anticancer drug by endofungus fermentation.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2015

Podostroma cornu-damae is a rare species of fungus belonging to the Hyocreaceae family. Its fruit body is highly toxic, as it contains trichothecene mycotoxins. The morphology is similar to that of immature Ganoderma lucidum, making identification difficult for non-experts. We experienced such a case of a 56- year-old male who picked and consumed podostroma cornu-damae, and consumed. Later that day, he developed digestive system symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. He presented to the emergency room (ER), there were no abnormal physical findings, symptoms improved after gastric lavage, and the patient voluntarily discharged himself on the same day. The following day, as the symptoms gradually deteriorated, he was admitted via the ER. He was presented with severe pancytopenia, alopecia, desquamation of skin, and acute renal failure. He recovered without any complications after conservative care, antibiotics therapy, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor administration. The most commonly reported complications of podostroma cornu-damae intoxication were reported pancytopenia, infection, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, etc. since Prevention is especially important because its toxicity can be lethal and there is no particular treatment to date, prevention is especially important. Promotion and education for the public are needed.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.13-13
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• 2016

Insects constitute the largest and most diverse group of animals in the world. They also serve as the hosts or nutrient sources for an immense assemblage of pathogens, parasites, and predators. More than 700 fungal species from 100 genera have adopted an entomopathogenic lifestyle. Although entomopathogenic fungi were studied as only biocontrol agents against a variety of pests in various countries, it has been recently focused their additional roles in nature. They are antagonists to/against plant pathogens, endophytes, and possibly even plant growth promoting agents. The potential antimicrobial effect against fungal plant pathogens by an isolate of entomopathogenic fungi including Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium spp., and Isaria fumosorosea have been reported since late 1990s, but wasn't reported pathogenicity of the isolate against pests. Later, a Canadian Lecanicillium sp. isolate and L. longisporium isolated from Vertalec$^{(R)}$ showed simultaneous control effect against both aphid and cucumber powder mildew. Therefore, the antimicrobial activities of 342 fungi isolates collected from various regions and conditions in Korea were evaluated against plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea using dual culture technique on agar plate. As a result, 186 isolates (54.4%) shown the antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The culture filtrates of selected fungi completely suppressed the growth of the microorganisms, indicating that suppression was due to the presence of antimicrobial substances in the culture filtrate. Mode of action of these fungi against insect involves the attachment of conidia to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, cuticle penetration, and internal dissemination throughout the insect. During infection process, secreted enzymes, proteinous toxins, and/or secondary metabolites secreted by entomopathogenic fungi can be used to overcome the host immune system, modify host behavior, and defend host resources. Recently, secondary metabolites isolated from entomopathogenic fungi have been reported as potential bioactive substances. Generally, most of bioactive substances produced by entomopathogenic fungi have reported low molecular weight (lower than 1,000 g/mol) as peptide and, in contrast the high molecular weight fungal bioactive substances are rare. Most substances based on entomopathogenic fungi were shown antimicrobial activity with narrow control ranges. In our study we analyzed the antimicrobial substances having antagonistic effects to B. cinerea. Antimicrobial substances in our fungal culture filtrates showed high thermostability, high stability to proteolytic enzymes, and hydrophilicity and their molecular weights were differed from substance. In conclusion, entomopathogenic fungi showed pathogenicity against insect pests and culture filtrate of the fungi also shown to antimicrobial activity. In the future, we can use the entomopathogenic fungi and its secondary metabolites to control both insect pest control and plant pathogenic fungi simultaneously.