• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.373-385
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• 1994

Resistance to paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridilium ion) has developed in 12 species of 8 genera to which paraquat has been applied 6 to 10 times per year for 5 or more years. In recent years, tolerance to paraquat has been found in Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Liboch. ex Fisch. & Mey. which has never been applied with any herbicides involving paraquat. In this review, we differentiate the terms, resistance and tolerance, on the basis of the paraquat-exposure history. Five hypotheses have been evaluated in several species as potential mechanisms of paraquat resistance and/or tolerance. In a species, the mode of action may be due to 1) reduced quantities of paraquat absorbed through the leaf surface, 2) detoxification of paraquat caused by the enhanced paraquat-metabolic activity, 3) rapid sequestration reducing level of paraquat at the site of action in chloroplast, 4) alteration of site of action in photosystem I resulting in interruption of electron transport to paraquat, and 5) rapid enzymatic detoxification of superoxide and other toxic forms of oxygen.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2023

Background and Objective: With the advancement of cancer treatments and increased life expectancy, managing breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) is essential to improve the quality of life for cancer patients. This study aimed to compare the major rapid onset opioids in Korea based on their characteristics and costs to determine the best option for each patient. Methods: Based on sales information from IQVIA-MIDAS, sublingual fentanyl tablet (SLF), fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT), and oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) were selected as the top three drugs for the treatment of BTcP in Korea, considering them the most comparable drugs. The cost and cost-pain relief ratio of the drugs for short-term (1 month) and long-term (1 year) treatment were compared and the ease of administration based on various factors, including pharmacokinetics, onset of action, and administration procedures were evaluated. Results: SLF was evaluated as the best overall in terms of rapid onset of action, ease of administration, and drug cost and also had the highest market share. SLF had the lowest cost pain relief ratio for both the initial and supplemental treatment for the 1-month pain intensity difference 15 (PID15) ratio. However, for the 1-month PID30 ratio, SLF was not superior to OTFC or FBT. The longer the breakthrough cancer pain duration, the more cost-effective the other rapid onset opioids. Conclusion: The rapid onset opioids that fit the patient's breakthrough cancer pain pattern have the best cost-effectiveness.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.294-300
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• 1999

After researching the physical properties of the concrete included Rice Husk Ash(RHA concrete) and workability of fresh concrete admixed RHA, we have tested durability of RHA-concrete against freeaing and thawing in the winter using rapid freezing and thawing test method(KS F 2456) . There aretwo hypotheses to explain the failure mechanism of a freezing and thawing action. First, the hydraulic pressure in the pores of freezing concrete make an internal stress of concrete structures outbreaking micro crack in the face of concrete, Second, Frost action causing damage to cement paste repeatedly come from soil frost action, freezing water in the capillaries. Initial Relative Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (DME) was biggest in cae of unit binder weight 600kgf/㎥ and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity increased until 300cycles. In general , initial relative DME was proportional to unit binder weight . Relative DME was decreased in proportion to unit binder weight in the case of 300, 400, 500kgf/㎥ , but relative DME fo the others remained more than 90% until 300 cycles. It was not good effect of intermixed RHA to concrete in case of below unit binder weight 300kgf/㎥ and the resistance of freezing and thawing was not good either.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.673-676
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• 2007

These days, the damage of noise has increased seriously by rapid change of life style because of the centralization of urban population, and the rapid increase of traffic. The Ministry of Environment has emphasis on the systematic management about the noise of daily life and the close connection of daily noise management policy with relevant ministries, and put into practice "the master plan of lessening the noise of daily life" from year 2006. This study tried to find out the reduction methods and the effective management of railway noise in the action plan of railway part of "the master plan of lessening the noise of daily life". According to this study, railway noise can be reduced greatly by taking action of railway detail plans. The cause of railway noise varies by rolling stock, track and more, so the reduction methods of railway noise can be studied specially, scientifically and constantly in every field.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2000년도 제 25회 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.195-212
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• 2000

More and more people have suffered from the environmental pollution caused by the rapid development of our industry. They wat to be compensated for loss an furthermore hope to prevent their neighbor circumstances from being polluted. It's the reason why the environmental action occurred. Our team will clarify our environmental right, the process of environmental action and general problems of our current system. On the basis of them we will present several improvable methods.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.216-221
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• 1991

The inhibitory effects of glipizide on cromakalim-induced relaxation of aortae and hypotension in the anesthetized rats was examined. In rat thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted with norepinephrine, cromakalim produced a relaxation sustainedly. This relaxation was completely inhibited by pre- or post-treatment of glipizide. In the anesthetized rat, cromakalim produced a rapid and sustained fall in the arterial blood pressure. This hypotensive action of cromakalim was abolished by pre- or post-treatment of glipizide. It is suggested that glipizide is the potent inhibitor of cromakalim, $K^{+}$ channel opener, in the rats.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1983

Drosophila melanogaster의 Oregon-R 계통과 lethal free 집단을 대상으로 connected test tube apparatus를 사용하여 보행행동에 관한 rapid와 slow 행동을 방향성도태의 방법으로 15세대 동안에 걸쳐 도태하였다. 한편 10세대째부터 natural selection을 행하여 유전적 효과를 분석하였다. 1. 보행행동의 rapid와 slow 성질은 초기세대에서부터 뚜렷한 도태효과를 나타내어 제 7세대 이후에 각각 selection plateau에 달하였다. 2. 방향성 도태를 10세대 동안 실시한 후 realized heritability를 계산한 결과 rapid 성질은 $9\\sim14%$, slow 성질은 $11\\sim16%$로서 rapid행동보다 slow 행동의 유전율이 다소 높게 나타났다. 3. Rapid 성질을 지배하는 유전자와 slow 성질을 지배하는 유전자의 우열관계를 밝히기 위한 hybridization 실험결과 slow 유전자가 rapid 유전자에 대하여 partial dominance의 효과가 있었다. 4. 10세대 동안에 걸쳐 방향성 도태를 실시한 후 natural selection을 5세대 동안 실시한 결과 rapid 성질은 단 5세대만에 neutral의 상태 (6.5)로 복원되었으나 slow 성질은 모집단의 보행지수와 비교하여 전혀 변화가 없었다. 실험결과로 미루어 rapid와 slow 형질은 polygenic system에 의하여 control 되는 양적 형질임을 알았다. 한편 rapid 유전자는 natural selection에 의한 homeostasis의 효과가 있으나 slow 행동은 소수의 major gene에 의하여 지배되는 것을 알았다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2000

It is important to find the competitive priority, which makes a great contribution to the action plans. The reason is that this makes it possible to provide Korean manufacturers with effective behavioral model to break through the depression after 1997'financial crisis in Korea. Focused priority has become a focus of organizations faced with the need to survive in a highly uncertain business environment characterized by rapid technological change, global competition, and demanding customers. Many believe that better linkages of priority and action plans are fundamental to surviving in the world market. However, there was little previous research dealing with the relationship between the strategic priority and action plans in the view of competitive weapon. This study presents empirical findings on differences between U.S. and Korean manufacturing approach to relationship of priority and plans. Specially, Korean manufacturers are eager for good model to overcome depression of 1997' financial crisis in Korea. Data was collected as part of the Manufacturing Futures Project completed in 1996. The results indicate that U.S. manufacturers maintain focused linkages from priority to action plans than do Korean manufacturers.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2022

Bridge fire hazard has become a growing concern over the last decade due to the rapid increase of ground transportation of hazardous materials and resulting fire incidents. The lack of fire safety provisions in steel bridges can be a significant issue owing steel thermal properties that lead to fast degradation of steel properties at elevated temperatures. Alternatively, the development of composite action between steel girders and concrete decks can increase the fire resistance of steel bridges and meet fire safety requirements in some applications. This paper reviews the fire problem in steel bridges and the fire behavior of composite steel-concrete bridge girders. A numerical model is developed to trace the fire response of a typical bridge girder and is validated using measurements from fire tests. The selected bridge girder is composed by a hot rolled steel section strengthened with bearing stiffeners at midspan and supports. A concrete slab sitting on the top of the girder is connected to the slab through shear studs to provide full composite action. The validated numerical model was used to investigate the fire resistance of real scale bridge girders and the effect of the composite action under different scenarios (standard and hydrocarbon fires). Results showed that composite action can significantly increase the fire resistance of steel bridge girders. Besides, fire severity played an important role in the fire behavior of composite girders and both factors should be taken into consideration in the design of steel bridges for fire safety.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1165-1171
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to implement an emergency response procedure based on the scenario of the field of vehicles and provide more rapid and exact response program needed when train accidents happen. Therefore, we have made worst case combinations of accidents and prioritized the combinations. A number of accidents have been analyzed according to the type of, the people affected by, and the location of accident. Both horizontal and vertical response system have also been defined. Furthermore, Activity-Action Diagram has been applied to the emergency response scenario and action procedure of each group has been clearly systematized. Consequently, this paper provides a specific response system useful when train accidents happen.