• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.601-605
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• 1993

This study was purposed to investigate the efficiency of protein utilization of rapeseed meal (RSM) and formaldehyde-treated RSM (TRSM) by sheep, and their influence on performance of growing heifers. Experiment 1 was conducted according to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design involving sex yearling Hu Sheep and three experimental diets. All diets contained 600 g ammoniated rice straw and 200 g concentrate mixture. Three dietary treatments were: (1) 100 g RSM + 40 g soybean meal (URUS), (2) 100 g TRSM + 40 g soybean meal (TRUS) and (3) 100 g TRSM + 40 g treated soybean meal (TRTS). Apparent nitrogen digestibility was significantly higher for diet TRUS than that for URUS or TRTS (p<0.05), but with no significant difference between URUS and TRTS (p>0.05). Proportion of nitrogen retention (NR) to the digestible nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 25.57 (p<0.05) and 23.44% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. As a result, proportion of NR to nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 34.74 (p<0.05) and 23.78% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. Experiment 2 was conducted with 59 Holstein heifers. They were 12-20 months of age at the start of the trial. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial trial in which the heifers were given the ammoniated rice straw ad libitum and 1.5 kg hay, and supplemented with either RSM or TRSM at a daily allowance of 1.2 or 1.8 kg per day. The live weight gains for heifers receiving 1.2 and 1.8 kg/d of RSM or TRSM were 0.491 and 0.556 or 0.564 and 0.665 kg/d, respectively. The results suggest that formaldehyde treatment can effectively improve the efficiency of protein utilization of rapessed meal and cattle's performance.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.168-172
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• 2022

느타리 재배에서 면실박을 대체하여 채종박을 첨가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 처리 간 화학성은 pH는 4.5~4.7, 총탄소함량은 46.3~46.5%, 총질소함량은 1.6~1.7%, 탄소질소비율은 27.0~27.8로 대조와 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 처리 간 균사생장은 채종박을 5% 첨가한 혼합배지에서 '흑타리'는 85.1 mm, '수한1호'는 72.8 mm로 가장 빨랐고, 균사밀도는 처리 간 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자실체 특징은 '흑타리'의 경우 채종박이 5% 첨가된 혼합배지에서 갓 색은 L값 32.5로 대조에 비해 어두웠으며, 갓 두께 3.2 mm, 갓 직경 27.6 mm, 대 길이 86.0 mm, 대 직경 9.1 mm, 병 당 유효경수 25.9개, 병 당 수량 189.7 g으로 대조에 비해 높게 나타났다. 채종박이 10% 첨가된 혼합배지에서는 병 당 수량이 184.5 g으로 대조와 대등하게 나타났다. '수한1호'의 경우 채종박이 5% 첨가된 처리에서 갓 색은 L값 28.8로 대조에 비해 어두웠고, 갓 두께 4.5 mm, 대 직경 12.3 mm으로 대조에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 병 당 수량 145.5 g으로 대조와 대등하였다. '흑타리'와 '수한1호' 모두 채종박만 첨가된 처리에서는 병 당 수량이 대조에 비해 낮은 경향을 보였다. 따라서 느타리 재배를 위한 채종박의 첨가량은 5%가 적당하며, 5% 초과시 병 당 수량이 낮아지 경향에 대해서는 추후 면밀한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 1991

Supplementation of iodine at the level of 3.5mg/kg reduced weight gain of the rats fed rapeseed oil meal (ROM) diets. Treatment of ROM with ammonia at the level of 2 or 4% tended to increase metabolizable energy value and availability of dry matter, crude protein and crude ash of ROM in the chicken. Potential goitrin level of ROM was reduced by ammoniation at 6% level, while the level of potential isothiocyanates was increased by ammoniation. Treatment of ROM with ammonia at the level of 3% and above reduced weight gain of the chickens fed treated ROMs. Weight of thyroid glands of the birds increased as the level of ammoniation of ROM increased. Supplementation of Avoparcin to the diets containing ROM improved weight gain and dressing percentage of the broiler chickens.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2017

A total of 112 crossbred pigs [(Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace) ${\times}$ Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of $27.98{\pm}1.28kg$ were used to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with rapeseed meal (RSM) as a source of protein on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs. The pigs were blocked and stratified based on BW into one of four dietary treatments in a 6-week trial. Each treatment consisted of 7 replicate pens with 4 pigs per pen (2 barrows and 2 gilts). Treatments were 1) maize-SBM based diet, 2) diet containing 2% RSM, 3) diet containing 4% RSM, and 4) diet containing 6% RSM. Supplementation with RSM resulted in no differences in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and noxious gas emission, as compared with SBM supplementation during the experimental period (p > 0.05). Pigs fed with increased dietary RSM (0, 2, 4, and 6% of feed) had linear decreases in average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.010) and nitrogen digestibility (p = 0.036) and a linear increase in blood creatinine concentration. In conclusion, RSM fed pigs had no detrimental effects on their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and fecal noxious gas emissions, as compared with SBM fed pigs. Thus, RSM is a good alternative to SBM as a protein source in growing pigs' diets.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1386-1391
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• 2009

Crude polysaccharides from rapeseed meal (PRM) were extracted with 0.3% NaOH aqueous solution, followed by further purifications and 2 fractions, namely PRM1 and PRM2, were separated with a DEAE-cellulose DE-52 column. Their primary compositions were analysed and antioxidant activity was determined, including scavenging activity toward superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and nitric oxide radicals, reducing power, and inhibitory effects against the microsomal lipid peroxidation, compared to that of L-ascorbic acid. The results indicated that PRM1 and PRM2 exhibited not only good reducing power and inhibitory effects on the microsomal lipid peroxidation, but also strong scavenging activity toward superoxide anion radicals, nitric oxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, positive correlations were also observed between the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and the protein contents of the polysaccharides, and the reducing power and the sulfate contents. These findings thus clearly suggest the polysaccharides possess direct and potent antioxidant activity.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1993

TAAA(true amino acid availability)방법에 의해 단백질공급원들의 진정아미노산 이용율과 대사에너지가를 측정하기 위하여 시험원료당 수탉 3수씩을 공시하여 35시간 절식후 30g의 시험원료를 강제급이 한 다음 36시간 동안 분요를 채취하였다. 진정아미노산 이용율은 단백질원료간에 유의한 차이(P<0.01)가 있었는데 어분(96.1%)이 가장 높았고, 다음이 옥수수글루텐(91.2%), 채종박(88.8%), 대두박(88.7%), 육골분(87.2%), 캐놀라박(86.1%), 면실박(82.6%) 그리고 우모분(82.5%) 순이었다. TAAA방법에 의한 가용 Iysine 값은 chick bioassay(CBA)나 화학적 방법중 FDNB방법에 의해 얻어진 가용 Iysine 값과 고도(P<0.01)의 상관관계가 있었다. 진정대사에너지가는 옥수수글루텐(4,011 kcal/kg)이 가장 높았고 다음이 어분(3,906), 우모분(3,098), 대두박(3,007), 육골분(2,631), 캐놀라(2,326), 면실박(2,246) 그리고 채종박(2,120) 순이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 1990

Studies on protein and antinutritional factors of rapeseeds are ncessary for effective utiliza-tion of defatted rapeseed meal. Proteins were extracted from seeds of several species of rape-seeds and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and the contents of glucosinolate and phytate were determi-ned. One percent solution extraction and extraction yield was relatively higherfor B. campestris and B. juncea than for other species. SDS-PAGE revealed that rapeseeds of most species were rich in low molecular weight proteins and that in particular the roteins of B. napus var. Halla and B. juncea were composed of simpler subunits as compared with other species. The content of glucosinolate was around 10mg/g of defatted meal for B. juncea however for var. Halla it was 7.26mg/g of defatted meal and 0.46mg/g of protein concentrate which were the lowest values. The level of phytate was between 2.7 and 4.6% for all species tested. Our results indicate thT B, napus var. Halla is the desired species for the utilization of rapeseed proteins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1998

Three hundred and fifty-two growing pigs were utilized in three growth trials to investigate the effects of crystalline amino acid supplementation on growing pigs' growth performance and feed consumption. In Exp. 1, diets were formulated on the basis of digestible amino acids. Utilization of rapeseed meal plus cottonseed meal (R + C) in diet supported similar average daily gain (ADG), feed/gain (F/G) and cost per gain (p > 0.05) to group of soybean meal (SBM). In Exp. 2, 14% CP diets containing equal amount of cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal were formulated with the addition of threonine and/or tryptophan. Supplementation with threonine improved ADG and F/G (p < 0.05). Supplementation with only tryptophan made no benefits for ADG of growing pigs. In Exp. 3, diets with different threonine level were formulated. Increasing dietary threonine to 0.54% improved (p < 0.05) ADG and F/G compared to 0.45% dietary threonine. Increase in dietary threonine did not improve ADG (p > 0.05) but decreased F/G (p < 0.05) because of a decrease in average daily feed intake. Pigs fed diet with dietary threonine/lysine ratio of 67.5% supported optimum growth performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1020-1024
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• 2003

Five barrows (average initial body weight 58.6 kg) were used to determine the apparent ileal digestibilities of amino acids, DM, N and energy in various soybean meal, rapeseed meal and coconut meal in finishing pigs. Dietary treatments included 1) KSBM (Korean soybean meal), 2) CSBM (Chinese soybean meal), 3) ASBM (Argentine soybean meal), 4) RSM (Rapeseed meal), and 5) CNM (Coconut meal). The diets were corn starch-based and formulated so that each protein source provided the same amount of total ME (3,490 kcal/kg), CP (15.70%), lysine (1.00%), Ca (0.80%) and P (0.60%). Protein content of the KSBM was higher than the CSBM and ASBM, with all values similar to those expected, and protein content of the CNM was lower than that of the SBM preparation and RSM. Apparent ileal digestibilities of histidine, lysine, threonine, alanine, asparatic acid, cystine, glutamic acid and serine were greater for the KSBM, CSBM, ASBM and RSM than for the CNM (p<0.05). Also, the apparent ileal digestibilities of methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine and tyrosine were greater for the KSBM than for the CSBM, ASBM, RSM and CNM (p<0.05). Overall, the apparent ileal digestibilities of total essential amino acids were greater for the KSBM than for the CSBM, ASBM, RSM and CNM (p<0.05), and the apparent ileal digestibilities of total non essential amino acids were greater for the KSBM, CSBM, ASBM and RSM than for the CNM (p<0.05). No difference (p>0.05) in apparent digestibility of DM at the small intestine was observed among the treatments. However, the apparent digestibility of DM at the total tract was greater for the KSBM than for the CSBM, ASBM, RSM and CNM (p<0.05). Also, apparent digestibilities of N and digestible energy at the small intestine and total tract were greater for the KSBM than for the RSM and CNM (p<0.05). In conclusion, nutrient digestibility values of SBM preparations and RSM were relatively high compared to CNM.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine net energy (NE) of expeller-press (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) and to establish equations for predicting the NE in rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs. Methods: Thirty-six barrows (initial body weight [BW], 41.1±2.2 kg) were allotted into 6 diets comprising a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 5 diets containing 19.50% RSM added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. The experiment had 6 periods and 6 replicate pigs per diet. During each period, the pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 days which included 7 days for adaption to diets. On day 8, pigs were transferred to respiration chambers and fed their respective diet at 2,000 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW0.6/d. Feces and urine were collected, and daily heat production was measured from day 9 to 13. On days 14 and 15, the pigs were fed at 890 kJ ME/kg BW0.6/d and fasted on day 16 for evaluation of fasting heat production (FHP). Results: The FHP of pigs averaged 790 kJ/kg BW0.6/d and was not affected by the diet composition. The NE values were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM for EP-RSM and SE-RSM, respectively. The NE value was positively correlated with gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), ME, and ether extract (EE). The best fit equation for NE of RSM was NE (MJ/kg DM) = 1.14×DE (MJ/kg DM)+0.46×crude protein (% of DM)-25.24 (n = 8, R2 = 0.96, p<0.01). The equation NE (MJ/kg DM) = 0.22×EE (% of DM)-0.79×ash (% of DM)+14.36 (n = 8, R2 = 0.77, p = 0.018) may be utilized to quickly determine the NE in RSM when DE or ME values are unavailable. Conclusion: The NE values of EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of RSM can be well predicted based on energy content (GE, DE, and ME) and proximate analysis.