• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.77
• /
• pp.171-201
• /
• 2024

Purpose of Research : Since ChatGPT's 2022 release, the educational sector faces mixed reactions to generative AI, sparking innovation but raising concerns about student cognition and communication. While Christian colleges employ AI reflecting their values, secular institutions stress ethical usage. This study explores ethical AI use in these settings, aiming to integrate findings into educational practices. Research content and method : Analyzing AI use and ethics guidelines from 50 domestic and international universities, differences between Christian and secular institutions were explored. Data was categorized, conceptualized via open coding, and components were identified through axial coding. The importance of components for Christian colleges' AI guides was assessed based on the initial data and previous research, leading to the development of tailored AI utilization components for Christian universities. Conclusion : Studies revealed secular institutions have six AI guide components, while Christian colleges found seven in both utilization and ethics guides, focusing on truthfulness, responsibility, and diversity. Emphasizing the need for ethical AI use in Christian colleges, the findings advocate developing AI ethics guidelines to aid marginalized groups and establish a new educational paradigm through further research.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2024

Inland wetlands provide important ecosystem services or functions, including biodiversity conservation, water purification, flood control, and carbon sequestration. However, many inland wetlands are being degraded by urbanization and industrialization, raising the need for conservation and restoration. This study proposes the adoption of No Net Loss(NLL) of Wetland for wetland conservation and restoration in Korea by the review of the literatures. To this end,, we analyzed the wetland conservation and management systems of the United States, Canada, Germany, Japan, and Australia, and identified institutional features and success factors of each country, and sought ways to adapt them to domestic conditions of Korea. The case of the United States highlights the importance of legal frameworks and public-private collaboration, Canada demonstrates systematic management approaches, Germany maintains a balance between development and conservation, Japan underscores the need for cooperative conservation efforts, and Australia emphasizes the efficiency of offset markets. The introduction and operation of these schemes are expected to contribute to climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and water quality improvement, but ongoing research and policy efforts are needed to ensure that the schemes are well established.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.397-403
• /
• 2024

North Korea's rapidly advancing drone development and operational capabilities have become a significant threat to South Korea's security. The drone incursions by North Korea in 2014, 2017, and 2022 demonstrate the technological advancement and provocative potential of North Korean drones. This study aims to closely analyze the military threats posed by North Korean drones and seek effective countermeasures. The research examines the development level of North Korean drone technology, its military applications, the characteristics and patterns of recent drone incursions, the adequacy and limitations of South Korea's current response systems, and future countermeasures. For this purpose, domestic and international research literature and media reports were reviewed, and specific North Korean drone incursion cases were analyzed. The results indicate that North Korea's small drones possess technological features such as small size, low altitude, low-speed flight, long-duration flight, and reconnaissance equipment. These drones pose threats that can be utilized for reconnaissance, surveillance, surprise attacks, and terrorism. Additionally, South Korea's current response systems reveal limitations such as inadequate detection and identification capabilities, low interception success rates, lack of an integrated response system, and insufficient specialized personnel and equipment. Therefore, this study suggests various technical, policy, and international cooperative countermeasures, including the development of drone detection and identification technologies, the utilization of diverse drone neutralization technologies, the establishment of legal and institutional foundations, the construction of a cooperative framework among relevant agencies, and the strengthening of international cooperation. The study particularly emphasizes the importance of raising awareness of the North Korean drone threat across South Korean society and unifying national efforts to respond to these threats.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.373-381
• /
• 2024

We confirmed that the children affected by child abuse, which has recently become an issue in the counseling field, were the highest in the ages of 10-17, and the number of occurrences by parents was the highest. We tried to understand the hardships of parents with adolescent children while conducting counseling and parental education to understand the difficulties of parenting experiences that play an important role in growing children. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze the subjective perception types and characteristics of each type of parenting experience of parents with adolescent children using the Q methodology. After forming a Q population and extracting the 33-question statement of the Q sample, the P sample was classified into the Q sample of 35 parents with adolescent children, and the perception type analysis was conducted with the QUANL program. As a result of our study, it was found that Type 1 was the unconditional love and understanding type, which was recognized as a process of endless understanding of children, Type 2 was the "reflection and change type," which recognizes empathy with children, communication, and parental reflection and change, Type 3 was the "learning and psychological independence assistance type," which recognizes that children should be psychologically independent and grow, and Type 4 was the "regret and identity confusion type," which recognizes regret about raising children in childhood and identity confusion as parents. Our study is meaningful in that it classified the subjective perception structure of parenting experiences perceived by parents with adolescent children by type. It is expected that this subjectivity study on parenting experiences will be used as basic data for parental education and parental counseling to raise adolescent children.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2010

After feeding mixed samples, VS ranged from 60 to 80% of total costs in 15 days. EC ranged from1.21 to 2.45, 1.25 to 2.1 and 1.2 to 1.88mS/cm when worms were fed with a mixture of by-products of tidal current and sewage sludge, a mixture of by-products of algae producy, and food wastes and a mixture of by-products of algae producy, sewage sludge and food wastes. That means the kinds of mixture don't have any negative impacts on worms survival. With the feed with a mixture of by-products of algae producy and food wastes and a mixture of by-products of algae producy, sewage sludge and food wastes, pH shows stable 5.4 to 6.7, and 6.2 to 7.4 where is suitable for worms. But a mixture of by-products of algae producy and sewage sludge is out of proper scope for raising worms, in other words, extra care will be necessary. In case of Eh, a mixture of by-products of algae producy and sewage sludge make eh negative (-) in early stage so also when feeding worms, also extra care will be needed. NaCl ranged from 0.32 to 0.82% or form 0.23 to 0.61% when a mixture of by-products of algae producy and food wastes and a mixture of by-products of algae producy, sewage sludge and food wastes were fed. So taking care of salts will be essential whenever feeding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.120-136
• /
• 2024

Yeong-dae(靈臺), Yeong-yu(靈囿), and Yeong-so(靈沼) - so-called 'Yeong-dae Garden' – appear in the poem 'Dae-ah(大雅)․Yeong-dae(靈臺)' in Shijing(詩經) which is considered the record of the earliest garden in East Asia, in the chapter 'Yanghyewang(梁惠王)' of Mencius(孟子). Focusing on those records, this research clarifies their characteristics and discusses the aspects related to garden practices in the Joseon Dynasty. The Yeong-dae Garden is the garden of King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty, who is considered a sage of Confucianism. It is considered to be the first imperial garden in China, and the basic form of all gardens consists of mountains and water. The characteristics of Yeong-dae Garden can be specified through the texts of Shijing and Mencius, the comments written by Zhu Xi and others, and later literature, such as Sambohwangdo. The characteristics of Yeong-dae Garden are as follows: In terms of form, the three spatial elements corresponding to raised ground, a wide area for raising animals, and a pond with fish form a simple arrangement; in terms of function, it combines observation and rest; and in terms of symbolism, it signifies the companionship of the public sentiment and the leader's sincerity. In literature from the Joseon Dynasty, Yeong-dae Garden mainly appear in historical materials related to the King, and its meaning shows an aspect of differentiation into two functions: an observatory for astronomical observation and a garden for rest and appreciation. For the intellectuals of Joseon who sought to restore an ancient ideal state like the Zhou Dynasty through Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism, the Yeong-dae Garden served as a control device to warn against royal garden's practices and a symbolic mechanism to expand its meaning of existence to good politics.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2024

This study was conducted to validate the growth and productivity of cucumber hydroponics using coir as the medium, different types of nutrient solutions and formal methods, in order to select the most efficient cultivation method. The nutrient solutions consisted of culture solution (S) and raw water (W), the planting methods were rockwool cube seedlings (RC), rockwool plug seedlings (RP), and slab directly seedlings (DS). The reference date was set the sowing date. The initial growth showed a significant increase in the culture solution treatment, the differences among treatments decreased as the growth period lengthened. There was no apparent correlation between the planting methods and growth, but different results were observed among the same planting methods depending on nutrient solution used. Similarly, productivity followed a similar trend, with significantly higher harvest in the culture solution treatment during the initial harvest period of 6-8 weeks after sowing, but the harvest gap among treatments were diminished in the after period. The cumulative harvest was significantly higher in the culture solution treatment due to the initial difference in harvest quantity. Plant growth and fruit productivity exhibited a similar trend, showing a linear relationship. There was no correlation among the planting methods, but direct seedling with the culture solution showed the highest initial growth and harvests due to stable nutrient and moisture supply in the initial root zone. Therefore, it is believed that direct seeding method on the culture solution medium would be most advantageous for plant growth and productivity. Additionally, it is expected to contribute to cost effectiveness from an economic perspective through simplification of the cultivation process, labor costs and production cost reduction

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.1015-1023
• /
• 2022

Production of high-quality horses is important to make the horse industry grow. Grazing during the growing period can be an important factor affecting the production of high-quality horses. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of grazing on growing horses by analyzing their blood components and intestinal microbiota. Twelve growing horses for evaluating blood components and ten growing horses for evaluating intestinal microbiota were raised for about seven months and separated by two treatments: grazing vs. stable. Complete blood count, blood chemistry, and creatine kinase levels were analyzed as blood components and a 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed to analyze intestinal microbiota. Calcium ions tended to be lower in the group with grazing treatment. Alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase tended to be higher in the group with grazing treatment. These results indicate that grazing can provide horses with more exercise than staying in stables. At the phylum level, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios in grazing and stable groups were 4.2 and 6.5, respectively. Because various studies have reported that a. high Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio indicates obesity, the method of raising horses might affect their physical ability. At the species level, rates of Clostridium butyricum in grazing and stable groups were 3.2% and 13.1%, respectively. Some strains of C. butyricum can cause several diseases such as botulism. These results indicate that grazing can positively affect growing horses in terms of blood components and intestinal microbiota. Moreover, grazing can be helpful to make growing horses healthy through proper exercise.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.683-694
• /
• 2024

Flood control capacity enhancement measures in watersheds can be broadly categorized into structural and non-structural approaches. In this study, we propose the improvement of the flood control capacity in the Seomjin River basin through non-structural measures by optimizing the operation of the Seomjin River Dam, specifically by introducing a flexible flood season restricted water level (FSRWL). The flexible operation of FSRWL involves setting lower restricted water levels at the beginning of the flood season to increase flood control capacity and gradually raising them as the season progresses to manage flood control more effectively. As a structural measure, we examined the installation of riverside storage areas, a representative technique of nature-based solutions (NbS). Using the 2020 flood event as a case study, we analyzed the flood level reduction effects of implementing structural and non-structural measures both separately and simultaneously to identify the most effective and economical approach. The results indicate that the optimal flood prevention strategy for the main stream of the Seomjin River during the 2020 flood event involves operating the Seomjin River Dam FSRWL at EL. 190 m during the mid-flood season as a non-structural measure and installing a riverside storage area downstream of Godalgyo Bridge in Daepyeong-ri, Gokseong-gun as a structural measure.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.459-471
• /
• 2024

Landslide risk is influenced by internal factors such as terrain, geology, soil composition, and forest cover, and external factors such as rainfall and seismic activity. In particular, changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change and changes in terrain due to urban sprawl result in increased landslide risk, both directly and indirectly. This study analyzes internal factors that influence landslide risk using existing spatial data and examines changes in rainfall under the SSP5-8.5 climate change scenario. Rainfall intensity was evaluated across different frequencies and durations, and the landslide risk was assessed by applying rainfall infiltration models to mountain slopes. The analysis reveals that with increasing rainfall duration (1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h) for an event with a recurrence interval of 10 yr rainfall intensity decreases. However, for shorter rainfall durations (1 h), the intensity increases with the event frequency (10, 20, 50, and 100 yr). Infiltration analysis further shows that with prolonged rainfall, the proportion of areas with a safety factor of 1.3 or higher decreases, thereby raising the landslide risk.