• 제목/요약/키워드: raise latter

검색결과 35건 처리시간 0.06초

산림작업에서 안전사고 예방을 위한 제도적 개선에 관한 연구 (Study on the System Improvement for Accident Prevention of Forestry Operations in Korea)

  • 김희율;박종민
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제103권4호
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    • pp.574-582
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    • 2014
  • 산림분야에서는 노동재해 예방을 위하여 임업 노동자의 자격과 선발기준, 기능인영림단의 구성요건, 안전대책 등에 관한 사항을 여러 법규와 지침 등에 규정하고 있다. 우리나라의 임업 교육훈련은 산림청의 교육원과 산림조합중앙회 소속의 3개 훈련원에서 담당하고 있다. 3개 훈련원에서는 공통과정과 특화과정으로 나누어 교육훈련을 실행하고 있으며, 안전교육은 각 교육과정별 커리큘럼 안에 포함하여 시행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 임업분야 재해율 저감을 위하여 다음과 같은 제도적 개선방안을 제안하였다. (1) 적성검사 실시, 연령 제한 등 임업노동자의 자격 선발 기준 강화. (2) 기능인영림단 구성을 위한 필수인력의 교육 일수 및 자격 소지자 구성비율 상향 조정. (3) 산림경영기술자(기능2급)의 자격취득에 관한 규정 보완. (4) 보수교육(안전교육)을 통한 자격갱신 제도 도입. (5) 산림작업현장에서의 근로조건 개선 및 안전교육의 체계화. (6) 개인보호구 관련 규정 보완. (7) 개인보호구 착용 여부 수시 지도점검. (8) 안전의식 강화를 위한 현장 대응 보완.

현수운동 프로그램이 청소년들의 두부전방자세에 미치는 효과 (The Effects of a Sling Exercise Program on the Correction of the Forward Head Posture Among Adolescent)

  • 유달영
    • 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2014
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sling exercise on the cervical lordotic angle, craniovertebral angle, and head rotation angle among adolescents in the forward head posture. Methods: The subjects include 22 adolescents that recorded a mild level or higher on the posture evaluation index by New York State. They were randomly divided to the hand exercise group (n=11) and the control group (n=11). The former group participated in the sling exercise program three times a week over four weeks in total with each session lasting 60 minutes, whereas the latter group was not included in the program. The cervical lordotic angle, craniovertebral angle, and head rotation angle were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The study compared the cervical lordotic angle between the two groups before and after sling exercise and found that the sling exercise group made an increase of $7.36^{\circ}$ from $21.91^{\circ}$ to $29.27^{\circ}$ after the intervention(p<.05). As for the comparison results of the craniovertebral angle, the sling exercise group made an increase of $5.64^{\circ}$ from $48.91^{\circ}$ to $54.55^{\circ}$ after the intervention (p<.05). As for the comparison results of the cranial-rotation angle, the sling exercise group made an decrease of $-7.73^{\circ}$ from $148.82^{\circ}$ to $141.09^{\circ}$ after the intervention (p<.05). The control group showed no differences before and after the intervention (p>.05). Conclusion: Those findings indicate that the application of sling exercise in the forward head posture can be a good program to maintain the right posture and improve or prevent an abnormal posture and raise a need for more clinical applications and ongoing researches.

한의 진단 추론과 진단 학습 방법 (Reasoning and Learning Methods for Diagnosis in Oriental Medicine)

  • 김상균;김진현;장현철;김안나;예상준;김철;송미영
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.942-949
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    • 2009
  • We in this paper propose the method for diagnosis patients through the reasoning based on the diagnosis ontology in oriental medicine. In prior studies, it is simply diagnosed with the information of main symptoms, optional symptoms, and tongue / pulse. In addition, ontology itself has subjective opinions of oriental medical doctors for patients in form of axioms. There is a problem in latter case that it is difficult for other oriental medical doctors to change knowledge within the ontology. In order to solve these problems, we have constructed the diagnosis ontology and the reasoning algorithm as followings: First, in order to raise the diagnosis accuracy, we constructed the diagnosis ontology with pattern identifications, main symptoms, optional symptoms, and tongue / pulse. We also utilize the diagnosis points described in the pathology textbook, which has been studied in all of domestic oriental medical colleges. This information is represented as OWL instances in ontology, not OWL axioms so that it can be easily updated. Second, we suggest the algorithms for diagnosis reasoning and learning method based on the ontology. We have implemented the reasoning and learning system according to the diagnosis algorithm. In future study, we will construct the diagnosis ontology with all of pattern identifications and symptoms within the pathology textbook.

공공의료기관의 공공성과 수익성 상호관계에 대한 연구 - 지방공사의료원의 경영평가를 중심으로- (Profitability and Publicity of the Regional Public Hospitals in Korea - With focus on administration assessment of regional public hospitals -)

  • 이동원;윤방섭;남은우
    • 한국병원경영학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.43-68
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    • 2007
  • The administration of a regional public hospitals are expending from profit preference to publicity preference. The weight rate for a profitability and publicity of performance assessment has changed from 84:16 which was resulted by the assessment executed firstly in 1989 to 39:61 as resulted in 2004, the final assessment execution in 2005. Regional public hospitals are exerting and promoting a magnification in public sector to raise up the public-score. With comparison between publicity scores and profitability scores in original scores basis excluding weight rate, the publicity scores ranked higher than profitability scores although the latter was higher by 2002. However, for the administration performance of the regional public hospitals, the deficits increased 11 times from \92.6billion deficits with \460.3billion cost increased by 457% although income as \367.7billion increased by 394% comparing the last 2004 year to the first 1989 year for profit & loss statement of a regional public hospitals. There was analysis for the relation in yearly basis partitioning publicity and profitability for the assessment scores of the to regional public hospitals confirm the accumulated deficits of the hospitals like this attribute to the extension of public sector. The result showed that there was distinct plus relationship from 1999 although a minus relationship in general until 1997 except 1992 and there is a more plus relationship as approaching 2004. That is, it is hard to tell that the accumulated deficits increase of regional government medical center attributed to extension of public sector. On the contrary, the analysis showed the extension of public sector has a mutual relationship with uplift of profitability Meanwhile, it showed that operation cost rate and labor cost are the factors which influence a revenue & expenditure rate among the profitability index according to the results of relation analysis for the representative index of profitability and that of publicity.

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우리나라 전자정부서비스 이용 실태 추세 분석 (Trend Analysis on the Use of E-Government Services in Korea)

  • 권혁성;김준한
    • 정보화정책
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.3-25
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    • 2016
  • 우리나라의 전자정부서비스 이용 실태조사는 2007년부터 시작되었으며, 2012년부터는 통계청 승인통계로 인정받아 매년 엄격한 방법론에 따라 실시되고 있으나, 조사결과에 대한 심층 분석과 함의 도출은 아직 미진한 상태이다. 이 논문에서 2012년부터 2015년까지의 이용 실태조사 결과에 나타난 추세를 분석한 결과, 우리나라 전자정부서비스의 인지도와 이용률이 증가하여 저변 확대에는 성공하였으나, 이용 비중이나 빈도는 정체 또는 후퇴하고 있음을 발견하였다. 국민들은 아직도 직접방문에 크게 의존하고 있으며, 이를 전자정부 채널로 바꾸는 속도도 느린 편이다. 또한 전자정부서비스 이용에 대해 긍정적인 의향을 갖고 있었으나, 실제 이용은 부진하였다. 이용 활성화 방안으로 모바일 전자정부서비스의 확대, 연계서비스의 확대, 맞춤형 서비스의 확대, 기존 전자정부서비스의 이용률 제고, 전자정부서비스에 대한 인지도 제고 및 대한민국정부포털 개선 등을 제시하였다.

레이저 센서를 이용한 타이어 옆면 인식 및 개선 시스템 설계 (Design of System for Character Recognition and Improvement of the tire side using a Laser Sensor)

  • 장현영;장종욱
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.267-270
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    • 2016
  • 최근 타이어에는 타이어의 정보를 알 수 있는 정보들이 다양하게 타이어 옆면에 표시되어 있다. 이러한 정보를 이용하는 사람들 및 타이어 관련 회사에서는 타이어의 옆면에 표시된 정보를 가지고 어떤 타이언지 구별을 하게 된다. 타이어의 규격 최대 허용 공기압, 제조일자 등을 일반적으로 사람이 직접 눈으로 봄으로서 이루어지고 있다. 이에 최근 영상 처리 기법을 이용하여 타이어 측면의 돌출 문자 인식을 통한 자동화의 연구가 꾸준히 발표 되고 있지만 문자 인식 및 인식의 개선에 대한 방법이 부족한 실정이다. 또한 기존의 옆면 문자 인식을 영상으로 취득 하는데, 취득시 조명 효과를 적절히 이용하더라도 배경과 문자 부분이 거의 유사간 그레이 레벨 값을 가지게 되어 비교적 분명하지 않은 부분이 많이 산재된다. 본 논문에서는 레이저 센서를 이용한 타이어 옆면 문자를 확인하고 인식, 타이어 옆면의 문자 인식에 관하여 설계를 하였다.

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암호 기술을 이용한 안전한 능동 패킷 전송 (A Secure Active Packet Transfer using Cryptographic Techniques)

  • 김영수;나중찬;손승원
    • 정보보호학회논문지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.135-145
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    • 2002
  • 능동 네트워크는 네트워크 구조에 대한 새로운 접근 방식이다. 노드(라우터 또는 스위치)들이 사용자 데이터에 대한 계산을 수행할 수 있는 반면, 패킷이 노드 상에서 실행될 프로그램을 운반하고 잠재적으로 해당 노드들의 상태를 변화시킬 수도 있다. 능동 네트워크는 매우 강력한 융통성을 갖는 반면, 기존의 네트워크보다 복잡할 뿐 아니라 보안상의 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 노드들은 공개된 자원이고 많은 중요 시스템들을 정확하게 실행시켜야 하므로, 패킷의 코드가 실행될 수 있는 계산 환경에서의 보안 요구 사항들은 매우 엄격하게 정의되어야 한다. 능동 네트워크의 보안 관련 연구는 크게 능동 노드 보호와 능동 패킷 보호로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 패킷 인증(authentication)이나 모니터링/제어(monitoring/control) 등이 전자에 속하는 반면, 암호화 기술(cryptographic techniques)을 이용하는 방법이 후자에 속한다. 본 논문은 암호화 기술을 이용한 안전한 능동 패킷 전송에 관한 것으로, 능동 패킷들을 이웃한 능동 노드들에게 안전하게 전송하고 해당 패킷들에 포함된 실행 코드들을 각 능동 노드 상에서 실행시킬 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 여기서 제안하는 시스템은 공개키 암호 방식과 관용 암호 방식을 함께 사용한다.

Ontological Violence: "Ambiguous Undulations" between "Sunday Morning" and Sunny Day's Morning

  • Jang, Jeong U
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제56권3호
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    • pp.543-555
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    • 2010
  • In his early poems, Wallace Stevens shows us different gestures, compared with his later poems, when he acquires reality by faculty of imagination. The former is made of ontological violence while the latter is revealed by bareness of less sensuality. However, they are the identical gestures, though from different angles, to accomplish things as they are rather than the ideas of things. In "Sunday Morning," ontological violence occurs in such epistemological couples as thought and thing, mind and world, and imagination and reality. Especially, in order to recuperate his poetic reality, Stevens undermines the traditional hierarchy between heavenly divinity and earthly divinity. In the poem, Christianity faces a critical challenge and then it is disempowered by the earthly divinity. Additionally, by disadvantaging religion, he wants to raise his poetic issue of the faculty of imagination to acquire reality. Stevens' concept of imagination is less subjective and more transcendental than Kantian one. After the ontological violence, Christian divinity and mythic gods leave ontological boundary for earthly divinity in an ambiguous way. In other words, between "Sunday" and "sunny day," the ontological conflicts haunt us throughout the poem as if the violence would happen between imagination and reality. For Stevens, both Christian divinity and mythic gods are mere obstacles to real divinity; both play a mere role of imagination before reality is revealed. Whatever reality is, imagination is always ready to draw an ontological line of reality in an ambiguous way, regardless of how long it lasts. In general, most ontological violence requires such physical remnants of conflicts as borderline, deaths, and pains which still prevail in the poem. Those ontological remnants remain to be found on earth. The sky is an abstract borderline between heaven and earth because in a sense, it belongs to both earthly landscape and heavenly sphere. Without any ontological borderline or threshold, there is no recognition of the divinity because the vitality of divinity is inflamed in continuous transgression of the other. After the final ontological conflict between heaven and earth, there remains only ambiguous borderline near the earth beside the friendlier sky.

치과위생사의 근무환경 연구 -근무기관·경력·지역을 중심으로- (A study on work environments for dental hygienists: - focusing on kind of workplace. career and service area)

  • 류정숙;김영남;한경순
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.135-151
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the work environments of dental hygienists, to find out about what problems there were with their work environments and ultimately to help improve their work environments. It's basically intended to pave the way for furthering the welfare and interests of dental hygienists. The subjects in this study were dental hygienists who were selected by random sampling from among the members of Korean Dental Hygienists Association. Approximately 20 percent of the members each were selected from every region across the nation, and their work environments were investigated in consideration of the kind of their workplaces, service area, career and field of duties. As for the demographic characteristics of the dental hygienists investigated, there were differences between those who worked in the field of health care and the clinical workers. More of the former were older and married, and the former was ahead of the latter in career and education as well. Regarding working hours and leave of absence by kind of workplace, the number of regular average holidays was different according to their place of employment. Dental hospitals(6.66 days) and dental clinics(6.81 days) gave their employees less days off on the whole, whereas public dental clinics(19.29 days) granted the dental hygienists the longest leave of absence. Also, there was a broad gap in the number of regular average holidays among different regions in the nation. The dental hygienists who worked in Gangweon province enjoyed the longest holidays(10.88 days), while those on Jeju Island took the shortest vacation(4.46 days). Concerning monthly mean pay by place of employment, those who worked in public dental clinics were paid the best, and the dental hospital employees received the smallest pay. Their monthly mean pay significantly varied with the kind of their workplaces. As to connections between service area and pay level in the event of the dental hygienists with a four-year career, those who served in Seoul were paid the best(1,820,800 won), followed by Gyeonggi province(1,795,800 won), Gyeongsang province(1,604,200 won), metropolitan cities(1,424,800), Gangweon province(1,300,000 won) and Jeolla province(1,016,700 won). In regard to the starting pay in the different areas, the starting pay was largest in Seoul(1,501,800 won) and smallest in Jeolla province(904,000 won). Concerning work environments by place of employment, the dental hygienists in public dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals were far older than the others, and the career of the former was much larger than that of the latter. As to the number of regular leave of absence, public dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals were different from dental hospitals and clinics in that regard as well. Concerning monthly pay, public dental clinics paid their employees the best, and dental hospitals and clinics were ahead in terms of pay raise. But the reason seemed that public dental clinics and general hospitals increased the pay of their employees based on a fixed wage system and according to a fixed rate at the same time. As for relations between career and work environments, the pay of the dental hygienists differed with their career. The amount and rate of pay raise were largest for those whose career was between four years and less than six years, and smallest for those whose career was between seven years and less than nine years. The above-mentioned findings of the study suggested that in order to give dental hygienists better treatment, pay and welfare benefits should urgently be improved, and that it's required to take actions to boost their job satisfaction. Besides, they should be given more chances to receive education or to take training courses in pursuit of self-development, and how to narrow gaps in work environments among different regions or fields should carefully be considered.

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수도(水稻)에 대한 가리(加里)의 시용(施用)이 암모니아의 휘산(揮散)과 질소(窒素)의 흡수(吸收)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Potassium on the Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Absorption by Paddy Rice)

  • 오왕근;김성배
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 1981
  • 가리(加里)의 시용(施用)과 이의 벼뿌리에 의한 흡수(吸收)가 암모니아의 휘산(揮散)과 벼의 질소흡수(窒素吸收)에 미치는 관계(關係)를 알고자 Pot 시험과 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 동시(同時)에 수행(遂行)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼가 재배(栽培)되는 가리시용구(加里施用區)에서는 요소(尿素)의 시용(施用)으로 암모니아의 휘산(揮散)이 일시(一時) 증가(增加)하였으나 점차(漸次) 감소(減少)하여 무가리구(無加里區)에서 보다도 적은 수준(水準)으로 떨어졌다. 2. 벼에 의(依)한 질소(窒素)의 총흡수량(總吸收量)이 무가리구(無加里區)에서 보다 가리구(加里區)에서 현저(顯著)히 많았고 마침내는 습토(濕土)의 pH가 무가리구(無加里區)에서 보다 가리구(加里區)에서 낮아졌다. 3. 질소(窒素)의 시용(施用)으로 가리구(加里區) 토양(土壤)의 pH가 일시(一時) 무가리구(無加里區)보다 높아져서 암모니아의 휘산(揮散)이 느렸으나 바로 벼의 생육량(生育量)과 질소(窒素)의 흡수량(吸收量)이 늘어서 암모니아의 휘산량(揮散量)이 무가리구(無加里區)에서 보다 줄고 토양(土壤)의 pH도 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 4. 벼뿌리가 차단(遮斷)된 조건하(條件下)에 요소(尿素)가 시용(施用)되었을 때는 무가리구(無加里區)에서 보다 가리구(加里區)에 습토(濕土)의 pH가 낮으며 암모니아의 휘산량(揮散量)도 적어졌다. 5. pH가 높은 토양(土壤)에서는 가리(加里)의 기비다용(基肥多用)이 벼의 생육초기(生育初期)에 암모니아의 휘산(揮散)을 경감(輕減)하고, pH가 높지 않은 보통토양(普通土壤)에서는 가리(加里)의 기비(基肥) 다용(多用)이 습토(濕土)의 pH를 높이어 이질후(移秩後) 벼의 생육초기(生育初期)에 암모니아의 휘산(揮散)을 높일 염려(念慮)가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

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