• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

This research was designed to evaluate the nutritional an microbiol quality assessment of Chungmukimbab purchased from market in Tongyeoung area. Contents of calories, calcium, iron, thiamin and riboflavin in ordinary kimbab and Chungmukimbab were lower than the recommended levels of Korean adult men. So, We suggested that a fruit, beverage and ffod stuff were supplemented to maintain nutritional balance. Total aerobic bacteria and coliform group of just prepared ordinary kimbab and Chungmukimbab samples from market were not significantly different, showing approximately $5.50{\pm}0.38 log_{10} CFU/g,\;2.10{\pm}0.47log_{10}MPN/100g$ in ordinary kimbab, $5.61{\pm}0.42log_{10}CFU/g,\;1.75{\pm}0.34 log_{10} MPN/100g$ in Chungmukimbab, respectively. Total aerobic bacteria of law ingredients of chungmukimbab sample were 3 to $4 log_{10}CFU/g$ in kimbab, seasoning squid and radish roots kimchi, 4 to $5 log_{10}CFU/g$ in boiled fish paste. The coliform groups were 1 to $2 log_{10}$ MPN/100 g in kimbab, seasoning squid and radish roots kimchi, 2 to $3 log_{10}$ MPN/100g in boiled fish paste. Detection rate of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus counts were 10.0, 12.5% in Chungmu-kimbab, 15.0, 10.0% in seasoning squid, 0, 10.0% in radish roots kimchi respectively, not detected in boiled fish paste samples. During storage at $15^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, total aerobic counts and coliform groups in ordinary kimbab and Chungmukimbab were increased by the 1.94, $0.97log_{10}CFU/g$, 0.60, 0.72 log10 MPN/100g respectively. Total aerobic counts of Chungmukimbab ingredients increased $0.83{\sim}l.33 log_{10}CFU/g$ at different time

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.596-601
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• 1998

Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on microorganisms, pectin enzymes and texture of dongchimi (pickled radish roots) were investigated. Dongchimi was pressurized at $200{\sim}686\;MPa$ for 5 min when its pH reached to 4.0. Total aerobes, initial concentration of $4.05{\times}10^8\;CFU/mL$, were completely inactivated by high hydrostatic pressure at 600 MPa. Lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and molds, initial concentration of $3.25{\times}10^8\;CFU/mL\;and\;3.55{\times}10^4\;CFU/mL$, respectively, were completely inactivated by high hydrostatic pressure at 400 MPa. Leuconostoc mesenteroides appeared to be the most barotolerant lactic acid bacteria because it was the sole bacteria survived at 380 MPa. Pectinesterase (PE) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities increased after high hydrostatic pressure treatment. Residual PE activity was 193 after pressurization at 500 MPa, and residual PG activity was 191 after pressurization at 686 MPa when the initial enzyme activity of control was set to 100. The hardness of pressurized dongchimi was higher than control.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.602-607
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• 1998

Changes in microbial count, enzyme, texture and color during storage of dongchimi (pickled radish roots) were investigated. Dongchimi was pressurized at 400 MPa for 5 min. Pressurized dongchimi stored at $4^{\circ}C\;(PS4)\;and\;37^{\circ}C\;(PS37)$ were compared with control $(stored\;at\;4^{\circ}C)$. PS4 and PS37 maintained their initial pH values during storage. Lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mold were not detected during storage in pressurized dongchimi. Pectinesterase, polygalacturonase activities and hardness of pressurized dongchimi decreased during storage. PS4 maintained its hardness longer than both control and PS37 during storage. The yellowness of PS37 was too high compared to control and PS4, indicating that storage of pressurized dongchimi at $37^{\circ}C$ was undesirable.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 1996

A green house experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of Chinese cabbage and radish and changes in soil chemical properties after application of different amounts of simulated acid rain (SAR). About 10mm of normal water (pH 6.0), 5mm of SAR followed by 5mm of normal water, and 10mm of SAR were applied 24 times at the two-day intervals. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Visible symptoms were dark brown, red brown, or grey brown leaf spots, reduced leaf size, or some times wrinked leaves in both crops. The visible symptoms started after the third application of SAR. The degree of damages was greater as the amounts and the number of times of SAR application increased. 2. Chlorophyll contents of SAR applied leaves decreased as the amounts of SAR application increased. 3. As the amounts of SAR increased, length, diameter, and fresh weight of Chinese cabbage heads and radish roots decreased. 4. In both crops sulfur content increased, while calcium content decreased as the amounts of SAR increased. Contents of N, P, K, and Mg were not significnatly affected by the amounts of SAR. 5. SAR decreased soil pH and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), while increased soil sulfur content.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 1997

Radish roots were salted in 4 different salt concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20%) for 3 months followed by desalting. The effects of desalting process on salt concentration, Ca content, texture and sensory characteristics were investigated during 3 days of desalting period at $25^{\circ}C$. NaCl content in danmuji salted in lower NaCl concentrations decreased rapidly and a linear relationship was found between the decrease in NaCl content and the logarithmic value of desalting time. Changes in Ca content of danmuji also exhibited a similar trend to that of NaCl content. Hardness of radish root tended to increase wit an increase in desalting time up to 2 days of desalting and then decreased slightly at the 3rd day of desalting. The results of sensory evaluation revealed that regardless of salt concentration used acidic, salty odor and taste of danmuji decreased significantly during desalting, however, there was very little change in yeast-moldy odor and taste with the intensity being very low in danmuji salted in higher salt concentrations. Among the textural properties, the crispness of danmuji salted in 5, 10 and 20% NaCl concentrations increased up to 2 days of desalting and decreased slightly thereafter, whereas that of radish salted in 15% NaCl concentration increase continously during 3 days of desalting. Total acceptibility was best in danmuji salted in 20% NaCl concentration and desalted for 3 days.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1997

This study was aimed to observe the effects of municipal sewage sludge as nutrients on the growth of Lettuce. The effects of heavy metal components of the sludge were also observed. Municipal sewage sludge from Taejon City were treated to the soil of PaiChai University Farm in order to make gradient of nitrogen concentration in soil among 6 experimental groups. Results are as follows ;The longest leaves and roots were produced in control pot, in which urea was supplied as nitrogen source to the soil. Any other sludge-treated groups produced shorter leaves and roots than control group, but the more sewage sludge treated the longer leaves and heavier vegetables were observed. No differences were observed among from 6 experimental groups in the view of N, K, Ca and Mg contents. But P contents in leaves from 6 groups varied. Zn content of Lettuce when was 65.8 mg/kg when it grew with sludge 200%. The groups treated with sludge 200% produced the vegetables of highest Zn contents. Accumulation of Zn, Mn and Cd was more heavier in Lettuce than in Altari radish. Accumulation of Zn, Mn, Cu and Cd in lettuce was not heavier than natural contents of those in market vegetables.

• Plant Disease and Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1999

In 1997 surveys 82 out of 180 crucifer fields were infected with clubroot disease in a range of 1-100% of diseased plants and among crucifier crops Chinese cabbage was the most severe, In cropping systems Chinese cabbage-monocropping of Chinese cabbage-radish were found to be most common in major Chinese cabbage production areas. Welsh onion squash or paddy rice were also planted between cropping of Chinese cabbage. Paddy fields converted to upland were lowered in incidence of clubroot disease and fields with loam to silty loam soil were more severe in disease than those with sandy soil. Soil pH and organic contents were nor related to clubroot disease severity. Soil fauua such as total fungi bacteria actinomyces Pseudomonads and Bascillus were not correlated with severity of the disease. Root rall development on Chinese cabbage seedlings was initifially observed under a microscope 13 days after inoculation with Plasmodiophora brassicae but 18 days by naked eyes after inoculation. Root galls were formed mostly around collar roots and gradually spread to main root lateral roots and secondary root branches. Root galls started to enlarge greatly in size and weight from 23 days after inoculation. Chinese cabbage plants at mid-growth stage with root gall development were reduced to 1/2 of that of healthy plants in number of leaves 1/4-1/5 in above ground fresh weight 1/6 in root length but increased to 3 times in diameter of collar root. Diseased plants had little root hairs. Diseased Chinese cabbage plants at harvest were reduced by 9,1-11.8% in head weight compared to healthy plants a positive correlation was observed between root and head weight but those relationships were rot found in the diseased plants.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.3
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• pp.21-25
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• 1964

1. Purpose of this experiment is to investigate the influence of wheat scab fungus(Gibberella zeae) remaining in soil or residues of infected plants to the growth of the seedlings of 14 different crops. 2. Susceptibility of these crops to the infection by G. zeae was investigated by planting these crops both to the artificially inoculated soils and naturally infected soils where both serious and light wheat scab epidemic have occurred previously. 3. In artifical inoculation tests, bailey, wheat, rye, soybean, rice, buckwheat, corn, cotton and greenbean has shown susceptible reaction, while indianbean, sesame, sorghum, chinese cabbage and radish has shown resistant reaction. 4. In artificial inoculation tests, there was significant difference in the germination ratio of the susceptible crops between the plants planted in inoculated soils and uninoculated soils with the exception of rice, com and cotton. Preemergence seedling blight was confined only to barley and corn, whereas postemergence seedling blight was confined to rye, wheat, rice buckwheat, barley and corn. la most of the susceptible crops secondary roots were almost rotted and the primary roots were either partially rotted or discolorated in inoculated soil. There was significant difference in the stem length of the plants grown in inoculated soils and uninoculated soils in susceptible crops. 5. No infection by G. zeae was observed when wheat, barley and rye plants were sown to the soils where both serious and light wheat scab epidemic occurred naturally.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2009

The germination rate of radishes grown with the far infrared irradiated water and drinking water was 100% and 78% respectively. The far infrared irradiated water stimulated the cell division of the cotyledons and enlarged the cell sizes both in the dark and in the light. In the dark and light conditions, the size of the cotyledons of transversal axis and longitudinal axis grown with the far infrared irradiated water was bigger than that grown with the drinking water. The content of chlorophyll and the consumption of $CO_2$ of the cotyledons grown with the far infrared irradiated water were higher, respectively. Osmotic pressure of the cotyledons grown with the far infrared irradiated water was 1.25 factors higher than that grown with the drinking water. The water potential of the cotyledons grown with the far infrared irradiated water was more negative value. The length of hypocotyls grown with the far infrared irradiated water was 2.18 factors longer in the dark, 1.99 factors longer in the light than that grown with the drinking water and the radish roots grown with the far infrared irradiated water were larger, respectively.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.2949-2967
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• 1973

The purpose of this study is to find out and determine the minimum consumptive use of water for Korean cabbage and turmp, so that the minimum water requirement can be secured always for a stable cultivation of these vegetables regardless of weather conditions. The experiment was conducted in two periods; first one from May to July and second one from August to October, each experiment with two varieties of cabbage and two varieties of radish with 2 replicants and 15 treatments. The results found from the above are briefly as follows: 1. Since the mean soil moisture equivalent 64 days after the treatment was 28.5% and the soil moisture content at the time was 2.67% which is far less than that of the wilting point, the crop seemed to be extremely caused by a drought. 2. The rate of 51 days after the seeding, soil moisture content of plot No.2 where irrigation has been continuous was the highest or 21.3%, whereas the plot No.14 without irrigations was 11.2% and the lowest. Therefore, the soil moisture content for the minimum qrowth seemed to be 20%. 3. The consumptive coefficient of Blaney and Criddle on cabbage in two periods were K=1.14 and 0.97 respectively, and on radish in two periods were K=1.06 and 0.86 respectively, thus, cabbage was higher than radish. The consumptive coefficient in the first experiment (May-July) was 0.17 to 0.20 higher than the 2nd experiment(August-October). 4. Nomally, cabbage and radish germinate within one week, however, the germination ot these crops which were treated with a suspended water supply from the beginning took two full weeks. 5. When it elapsed 30 days after seeding, the conditions in plot 1,2 and 3 were fairly good however, the crops in the plops other than these showed a withering and the leaves were withered and changed into high green due to an extrem drought. Though it was about same at the beginning, the drought damage on cabbage was worse than that on radish period, and the reasos for this appears in the latter that the roots are grown too deep. 6. The cabbage showed a high affinity between treated plots and varieties. Consequently, it can be said that cabbage is very suseptive to drought damage, and the yield showed a difference of 35% to 56% depending on the selection oe varieties. 7. The radish also showed a high affinity between the treated plots, however, almost us affinity existed between varieties. Therfore, the yield of radish largely depends on the extent of drought, and the selection of variety does not affect at all. 8. The normal consumptive use on cabbage is $0.62{\ell}/sec$, while that on radish is $0.64{\ell}/sec$, and the minimum optimum water requirement that was obtained in this study is $4,000cc/day/m^3$ or $0.462{\ell}/sec/ha$.