• Title/Summary/Keyword: radiological source term

Search Result 28, Processing Time 0.021 seconds

Prediction of radioactivity releases for a Long-Term Station Blackout event in the VVER-1200 nuclear reactor of Bangladesh

  • Shafiqul Islam Faisal ;Md Shafiqul Islam;Md Abdul Malek Soner
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • 제55권2호
    • /
    • pp.696-706
    • /
    • 2023
  • Consequences of an anticipated Beyond Design Basis Accident (BDBA) Long-Term Station Blackout (LTSBO) event with complete loss of grid power in the VVER-1200 reactor of Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) of Unit-1 are assessed using the RASCAL 4.3 code. This study estimated the released radionuclides, received public radiological dose, and ground surface concentration considering 3 accident scenarios of International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES) level 7 and two meteorological conditions. Atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition processes of released radionuclides are simulated using a straight-line trajectory Gaussian plume model for short distances and a Gaussian puff model for long distances. Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) to the public within 40 km and radionuclides contribution for three-dose pathways of inhalation, cloudshine, and groundshine owing to airborne releases are evaluated considering with and without passive safety Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) in dry (winter) and wet (monsoon) seasons. Source term and their release rates are varied with the functional duration of passive safety ECCS. In three accident scenarios, the TEDE of 10 mSv and above are confined to 8 km and 2 km for the wet and dry seasons, respectively in the downwind direction. The groundshine dose is the most dominating in the wet season while the inhalation dose is in the dry season. Total received doses and surface concentration in the wet season near the plant are higher than those in the dry season due to the deposition effect of rain on the radioactive substances.

다인병실에서 이용되는 방사선원의 종류에 따른 공간선량률 분석 (Analysis of the Spatial Dose Rates According to the Type of Radiation Source Used in Multi-bed Hospital Room)

  • 장동근;김정훈;박은태
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
    • /
    • 제40권3호
    • /
    • pp.407-413
    • /
    • 2017
  • 의료 방사선은 환자의 진단 및 치료를 함에 있어 중대한 이득을 제공하지만 주변인에게 불필요한 피폭을 발생시킨다. 이에 본 연구에서는 환자와 일반인이 같은 공간 내 상주하는 다인 병실에 대해 선원항의 종류에 따른 공간선량률을 분석하고자 하였다. 실험은 몬테카를로 모의모사(MCNPX)를 이용하였으며, 선원항은 전신 뼈검사 환자와 이동형 X선 발생장치를 모사하였다. 실험결과 전신 뼈검사 환자의 측면 병상 위치에서 약 $3.46{\mu}Sv/hr$의 선량이 나타났으며, 이동형 X선 발생장치를 이용한 실험 결과, 흉부검사 시 측면 병상 위치에서 $1.47{\times}10^{-8}{\mu}Sv/irradiation$, 복부검사 시 측면 병상 위치에서 $2.97{\times}10^{-8}{\mu}Sv/irradiation$ 값이 나타났다. 이처럼 다인병실에서는 주변 환자에게 불필요한 방사선을 발생시키며, 국내의 미흡한 다인 병실의 방사선에 대한 법적인 규제 및 체계적인 차폐 방안이 마련되어져야 할 것이다.

선원항 모델을 사용한 저준위 방사성폐기물 처분장의 보수적인 안전성고찰 (A Conservative Safety Study on Low-Level Radioactive Waste Repository Using Radionuclide Release Source Term Model)

  • Kim, Chang-Lak;Lee, Myung-Chan;Cho, Chan-Hee
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • 제25권1호
    • /
    • pp.63-70
    • /
    • 1993
  • 암반동굴 타입의 저준위방사성폐기물 처분장의 보수적인 안전성평가를 처분장 선원항 REPS 모델을 사용하여 수행하였다. 신뢰할만한 핵종별 침출율 예측을 위하여 REPS 모델에서 콘크리트 구조물의 열하시간, 부석의 형태와 부식율. 드럼표면의 부식면적 비, 그리고 핵종의 특성등이 고려되고 있다. 예비평가의 결과로 Cs-137, Ni-63, Sr-90등이 주요한 핵종임을 알 수 있다. 파라메타의 불확실성과 민감도분석을 위하여 라틴하이퍼큐브 샘플링과 Rank Correlation 기법이 사용되었다. 침입자 시나리오를 적용하였을 경우의 예상 피폭선량도 허용치 이하임과 처분장의 환경영향평가에 있어서 비교적 불확실성이 적은 Near Field의 중요성에 대한 인식이 새롭게 강조되어야 할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

  • PDF

소아백혈병의 전신방사선조사시 선량평가 (Dose Evaluation of Childhood Leukemia in Total Body Irradiation)

  • 이동연;고성진;강세식;김창수;김동현;김정훈
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
    • /
    • 제7권4호
    • /
    • pp.259-264
    • /
    • 2013
  • 전신방사선조사는 소아백혈병의 치료 방법 중 하나인 조혈모세포이식의 전처치로 이용되고 있으며, 현재 조직보상체를 사용하여 치료를 시행하고 있다. 그러나 조직보상체의 조건에 따라 인체 내부 장기에 미치는 영향을 직접 평가하는 것은 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 수학적 모의피폭체를 사용하여 방사선의 에너지와 선원과 환자와의 거리(source surface distance, SSD), 조직보상체와 환자와의 거리 변화에 따라 인체 장기의 선량을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 표면선량은 에너지 4 MV, SSD 280 cm, 조직보상체와 환자와의 거리 30 cm일 때 5.84 G/min 으로 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 또한 조직보상체와 환자와의 거리가 30 cm 이하였을 때 TBI에서 가장 이상적인 선량분포를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

Integrated Level 1-Level 2 decommissioning probabilistic risk assessment for boiling water reactors

  • Mercurio, Davide;Andersen, Vincent M.;Wagner, Kenneth C.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • 제50권5호
    • /
    • pp.627-638
    • /
    • 2018
  • This article describes an integrated Level 1-Level 2 probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methodology to evaluate the radiological risk during postulated accident scenarios initiated during the decommissioning phase of a typical Mark I containment boiling water reactor. The fuel damage scenarios include those initiated while the reactor is permanently shut down, defueled, and the spent fuel is located into the spent fuel storage pool. This article focuses on the integrated Level 1-Level 2 PRA aspects of the analysis, from the beginning of the accident to the radiological release into the environment. The integrated Level 1-Level 2 decommissioning PRA uses event trees and fault trees that assess the accident progression until and after fuel damage. Detailed deterministic severe accident analyses are performed to support the fault tree/event tree development and to provide source term information for the various pieces of the Level 1-Level 2 model. Source terms information is collected from accidents occurring in both the reactor pressure vessel and the spent fuel pool, including simultaneous accidents. The Level 1-Level 2 PRA model evaluates the temporal and physical changes in plant conditions including consideration of major uncertainties. The goal of this article is to provide a methodology framework to perform a decommissioning Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA), and an application to a real case study is provided to show the use of the methodology. Results will be derived from the integrated Level 1-Level 2 decommissioning PSA event tree in terms of fuel damage frequency, large release frequency, and large early release frequency, including uncertainties.

A Case Study on the Safety Assessment for Groundwater Pathway in a Near-Surface Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility

  • Park, Joo-Wan;Chang, Keun-Moo;Kim, Chang-Lak
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • 제34권3호
    • /
    • pp.232-241
    • /
    • 2002
  • A safety assessment is carried out for the near-surface radioactive waste disposal in the reference engineered vault facility. The analysis is mainly divided into two parts. One deals with the release and transport of radionuclide in the vault and unsaturated zone. The other deals with the transport of radionuclide in the saturated zone and radiological impacts to a human group under well drinking water scenario. The parameters for source-term, geosphere and biosphere models are mainly obtained from the site specific data. The results show that the annual effective doses are dominated by long lived, mobile radionuclides and their associated daughters. And it is found that the total effective dose for drinking water is far below the general criteria of regulatory limit for radioactive waste disposal facility.

방사성동위원소를 이용한 비파괴 검사 시 작업환경 내 공간선량률 평가 (Evaluation of Spatial Dose Rate in Working Environment during Non-Destructive Testing using Radioactive Isotopes)

  • 조용인;김정훈;배상일
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
    • /
    • 제16권4호
    • /
    • pp.373-379
    • /
    • 2022
  • 비파괴 검사에 사용되는 방사선원은 투과력이 높고 주변 물질과의 충돌을 통해 산란선을 야기하며 이는 주변 공간선량 변화를 발생시킨다. 이에 본 연구는 몬테카를로 모의 모사를 활용하여 비파괴 검사 시 작업환경 내 선원별 공간선량 분포를 평가 및 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 모의 모사 코드인 FLUKA를 활용하여 비파괴 검사에서 사용되는 60Co(3,700 GBq), 192Ir(1,850 GBq), 75Se(2,960 GBq) 선원을 모의모사하고, 산출된 선량률을 보건물리학회 자료와 비교하여 선원항의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 이후 방사선안전시설(RT-room) 내 비파괴 검사를 설계하여 선원으로부터 거리에 따른 공간선량률을 평가하였다. 공간선량률 평가 결과, 75Se 선원이 정면 위치에서 가장 낮은 선량 분포를 보였으며, 60Co는 75Se에 비해 약 15배, 192Ir 보다 약 2배 높은 선량을 나타내었다. 또한 거리에 따른 공간선량 분포는 선원과의 거리가 증가할수록 거리 역자승 법칙에 따라 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 예외적으로 60Co, 192Ir, 75Se 선원 모두 2 m 지점 이내에서 선량이 다소 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 방사성동위원소를 이용한 비파괴 검사 시 작업환경 내 피폭선량 관리를 위해 75Se 선원과 같은 낮은 에너지를 방출하는 선원의 사용과 작업 시 방사선안전시설 내 선원과의 거리를 4 m 이상으로 유지한다면, 방사선작업종사자의 피폭선량 최적화에 도움 될 것으로 판단된다. 추후 본 연구 결과를 토대로 비파괴 검사 시 방사선안전시설 내 종사자의 안전관리를 위한 보조자료로서 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통한 중하전입자의 콘크리트 방사화 비교평가 (Comparative Evaluation of Radioactive Isotope in Concrete by Heavy Ion Particle using Monte Carlo Simulation)

  • 배상일;조용인;김정훈
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
    • /
    • 제44권4호
    • /
    • pp.359-365
    • /
    • 2021
  • A heavy particle accelerator is a device that accelerates particles using high energy and is used in various fields such as medical and industrial fields as well as research. However, secondary neutrons and particle fragments are generated by the high-energy particle beam, and among them, the neutrons do not have an electric charge and directly interact with the nucleus to cause radiation of the material. Quantitative evaluation of the radioactive material produced in this way is necessary, but there are many difficulties in actual measurement during or after operation. Therefore, this study compared and evaluated the generated radioactive material in the concrete shield for protons and carbon ions of specific energy by using the simulation code FLUKA. For the evaluation of each energy of proton beam and carbon ion, the reliability of the source term was secured within 2% of the relative error with the data of the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory(NSRL), which is an internationally standardized data. In the evaluation, carbon ions exhibited higher neutron flux than protons. Afterwards, in the evaluation of radioactive materials under actual operating conditions for disposal, a large amount of short-lived beta-decay nuclides occurred immediately after the operation was terminated, and in the case of protons with a high beam speed, more radioactive products were generated than carbon ions. At this time, radionuclides of 44Sc, 3H and 22Na were observed at a high rate. In addition, as the cooling time elapsed, the ratio of long-lived nuclides increased. For nonparticulate radionuclides, 3H, 22Na, and for particulate radionuclides, 44Ti, 55Fe, 60Co, 152Eu, and 154Eu nuclides showed a high ratio. In this study, it is judged that it is possible to use the particle accelerator as basic data for facility maintenance, repair and dismantling through the prediction of radioactive materials in concrete according to the cooling time after operation and termination of operation.

프랑스형 900 MWe PWR 에서 냉각재상실사고의 방사선학적 영향 (Radiological Consequence of LOCA for a 900MWe French PWR)

  • 문광남;육종철
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
    • /
    • 제12권1호
    • /
    • pp.40-47
    • /
    • 1987
  • 우리나라에 현재 건설중인 원자력발전소 9/10호기와 동일형인 프랑스형 900 MWe PWR 에 대해 프랑스에서 TMI 사고이후 선원항을 보수적으로 설정한 RFS V.1.a의 가정에 따라 LOCA시의 핵분열생성물질방출분석과 그에 대한 파급효과를 평가 해석하였다. 방사능 환경방출에 의한 영향평가결과 주거제한구역경계 (500 m)에서 전신외부피폭선량은 사고발생후 2시간 경과시 0.66 rem이며 방사성 옥소의 방출에 의한 갑상선 피폭선량도 동일한 시간에서 유기성 옥소의 누출율이 l0%일때 13.5 rem 으로 사고시 피폭선량 제한치이하임이 나타났다. 그러나 격납용기외부로 누출되는 방사성 옥소중 유기성 옥소의 누출율이 갑상선의 방사선피폭에서 중요한 역활을 하고있음이 나타났으며 그 누출율이 10%이상이 될 경우 주거제한구역경계에서 사고시 갑상선 피폭선량제한치를 초과할 수도 있다는 가능성을 보여주고 있다.

  • PDF

Development of an Accident Consequence Assessment Code for Evaluating Site Suitability of Light- and Heavy-water Reactors Based on the Korean Technical Standards

  • Hwang, Won Tae;Jeong, Hae Sun;Jeong, Hyo Joon;Kil, A Reum;Kim, Eun Han;Han, Moon Hee
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
    • /
    • 제41권4호
    • /
    • pp.368-372
    • /
    • 2016
  • Background: Methodologies for a series of radiological consequence assessments show a distinctive difference according to the design principles of the original nuclear suppliers and their technical standards to be imposed. This is due to the uncertainties of the accidental source term, radionuclide behavior in the environment, and subsequent radiological dose. Both types of PWR and PHWR are operated in Korea. However, technical standards for evaluating atmospheric dispersion have been enacted based on the U.S. NRC's positions regardless of the reactor types. For this reason, it might cause a controversy between the licensor and licensee of a nuclear power plant. Materials and Methods: It was modelled under the framework of the NRC Regulatory Guide 1.145 for light-water reactors, reflecting the features of heavy-water reactors as specified in the Canadian National Standard and the modelling features in MACCS2, such as atmospheric diffusion coefficient, ground deposition, surface roughness, radioactive plume depletion, and exposure from ground deposition. Results and Discussion: An integrated accident consequence assessment code, ACCESS (Accident Consequence Assessment Code for Evaluating Site Suitability), was developed by taking into account the unique regulatory positions for reactor types under the framework of the current Korean technical standards. Field tracer experiments and hand calculations have been carried out for validation and verification of the models. Conclusion: The modelling approaches of ACCESS and its features are introduced, and its applicative results for a hypothetical accidental scenario are comprehensively discussed. In an applicative study, the predicted results by the light-water reactor assessment model were higher than those by other models in terms of total doses.