• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.119-122
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• 2005

In the course of searching for hepatoprotective agents from natural products, four compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of Sanguisorbae Radix, as guided by their DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The structures were determined as 4,5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (1), (+)-gallocatechin (2), methyl $6-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (3), and pomolic acid $3-O-[{\alpha}-L-arabinopyranoside]-28-O-[{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl]$ ester (ziyu-glycoside I) (4). Compounds 2 and 3 showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging effects, exhibiting $IC_{50}$ values of 11.4 and $13.0\;{\mu}M$, respectively. L-Ascorbic acid was used as a positive control and exhibited the $IC_{50}$ value of $50.3\;{\mu}M$. In evaluation of the hepatoprotective activity of the isolated compounds on drug-induced cytotoxicity, compound 2 showed the significant hepatoprotective effect with the $EC_{50}$ value of $91.84\;{\pm}\;11.0\;{\mu}M$ on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, while silybin, a positive control, exhibited $EC_{50}$ value of $122.4\;{\pm}\;12.5\;{\mu}M$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2585-2591
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• 2012

A series of heterocyclic chalcone derivatives bearing heterocycles such as thiophene or furan ring as an isostere of benzene ring were carefully prepared, and the influence of heterocycles on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities was systematically investigated. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis showed that the activities of thiophene ring-containing chalcones were higher than those of furan ring-containing chalcones, and the presence of methyl substituent of heterocyclic ring distinctly affected the activities compared with non-substituted heterocycles in an opposite manner, with the 4'-methyl group of thiophene ring increasing activity and the 3'-methyl group of the furan ring decreasing activity. The distinct isosteric effect of heterocycles (i.e., thiophene or furan ring) on radical scavenging activities of heterocyclic chalones was distinctly demonstrated in our work.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.150-155
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• 2005

The ethanolic extract of chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z., Fagaceae) inner shell (CISE) and one of its components, ellagic acid (EA), were evaluated for their protective effects against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) free radical generation and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in a mammalian cell line. CISE and EA were shown to possess the free radical scavenging effect against DPPH radical generation, significantly. They were also found to strongly inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage from Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell, assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis assay and 8-hydroxy -2'-deoxy guanosine (8-OH-2'dG) assay. Furthermore, topical application of CISE [$12.5\%$(w/w) cream] and ellagic acid [$1.0\%$(w/w) cream] for 14 days potently inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) formation of mouse dorsal skin (a marker of lipid peroxidation) induced by ultraviolet B exposure. Therefore, CISE and its component, ellagic acid, may be the useful natural antioxidants by scavenging free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protecting oxidative DNA damage when topically applied.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.159-175
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• 2004

The inhibitory effects of 207 oriental medicines and 19 oriental prescriptions on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were examined. The most effective oriental medicines were the fruit of Terminalia chebula, followed in order by the seed of Areca catechu, the heart wood of Caesalpinia sappan, the pericarp of Castanea crenata, the seed of Nelumbo nucifera, Rhus galls, the root of Sanguisorba officinalis, and the bark of Betula platyphylla at the concentration of 10 ${\mu}g$／mL. Of the 19 oriental prescriptions, Buyeonsan and Samsinhwan showed the potent scavenging activities of 88% and 71% on DPPH radical at the concentration of 5 ${\mu}g$／mL, respectively.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

Vitex rotundifolia (V. rotundifolia) has been used for treating headache, dizziness, toothache and removal of fever as a traditional medicine in Korea. In the present study, we examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of 85% methanol extract of V. rotundifolia. In various radical scavenging assays, V. rotundifolia exhibited strong scavenging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide. To elucidate the anti-inflammatory properties of V. rotundifolia, we investigated the inhibition effects of nitric oxide production in IFN-gamma and LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. V. rotundifolia suppressed nitric oxide production, iNOS and COX-2 expression dose-dependently through suppression of NF-$\hat{e}B$ activation without notable cytotoxicity. These findings mean that V. rotundifolia may be beneficial in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 1994

Screening was performed on edible natural sources to examine superoxide radical scavenging activities by using the method of superoxide dismutase assay. Among 47 kinds of samples, the extract of Capsella bursa-pastoris showed a potent superoxide radical scavenging activity of 11.6 unit / mg solid and was selected for further studies. In order to select optimal extraction solvent system, Cappella bursa-pastoris was extracted with various solvents and the electron donating abilities and inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid were measured. Among them, the ethanol extract of Capsella bursa-pastoris possessed the highest level of activities. The ethanol extract of Cappella bursa-pastoris was found to have an inhibitory effect on autoxidation of soybean oil at 5$0^{\circ}C$ from peroxide value, conjugated diene value and refractive index. In the soybean oil containing 0.2% of ethanol extract, induction period was increased 2 times in comparison with control.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1998

It has been known that diseases related with aging or cancer result, at least in part, from free radicals, and antioxidants may reduce or prevent the abnormalities associated with free radical formation via its scavenging action. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of nut species for the purpose of developing antioxidant from natural products. Antioxidant activities of four kinds of nuts such as chestnut, groundnut, walnut and acorn were examined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The extracts from chestnut hull and acorn barnyard millet showed strong antioxidative activities among 10 samples tested. Because of their highest antioxidative activity among 10 samples, radical scavenging effects of 4 different extract compartments (Hexane, EtOAc, BuOH and $H_2O$ extracts) from chestnut hull and acorn barnyard millet, were further examined by DPPH method. EtOAc and BuOH extracts exhibited antioxidative activities similar to those of natural, tocopherol or synthetic antioxidants, BHA. These findings demonstrates that major fraction of the antioxidative activity of chestnut hull or acorn barnyard millet was the EtOAc and BuOH extract compartments. However, antimicrobial activities against food-related bacteria and yeasts was relatively weak.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.967-972
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• 2011

The methanolic product of assai(Euterpe oleracea Mart) scavenged the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and prevented lipid peroxidation. The radical-scavenging activity of assai palm methanolic extract protected the viability of peritoneal macrophage cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$). Furthermore, the extract reduced the apoptotic-cell formation induced by $H_2O_2$, as demonstrated by the decrease in the number of hypodiploid cells and in the apoptotic-cell body formation. These results indicate that assai palm methanolic extract has radical-scavenging activity and ameliorates $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.590-595
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• 1995

To examine the characteristics of antioxidative compounds from Capsella bursa-pastoris, ethanol extracts were separated into five organic solvent fractions; hexane(Fr.H), diethyl ether (Fr.E), ethyl acetate(Fr.EA), butanol (Fr.B), and water(Fr.D) fractions. Fr.B showed the greatest electron donating ability and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. Whereas Fr.E had the most excellent activity in the superoxide radical scavenging activity by xanthine/xanthine oxidase-cytochrome c reduction system. The inhibitory effect of each fraction on xanthine oxidase was also measured. Fr.E had the strongest inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase and $IC_{50}$ was $5.65\;{\mu}g$. The results indicate that the superoxide radical scavenging activity of Fr.E is caused by the inhibitory effect on radical generating system of xanthine oxidase. Also the order of inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase was Fr.B

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1303-1310
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Bunsimgieumgagam on the stress due to the maternal separation in rat. In this study, we researched in 'the behavioral observation', 'the changes of body weight', 'quantitative analysis of the number of BrdU-positive cells per section in dentate gyrus of hippocampus', 'free radical scavenging assay' and 'MTT-based cytotoxicity assay of SK-N-SH cell line', in order to figure out the effect on which Bunsimgieumgagam has the increase of neuron in dentate gyrus of hippocampus damaged by the stress due to the maternal separation. In the behavioral Observation, Bunsimgieumgagam was also efficacious against the decline of one's behavior and anorexia derived from the stress by the maternal separation. In the change of body weight, it showed that the Bunsimgieumgagam is effective in the recovery of weight loss caused by heavy stress(p<0.05). Also, Bunsimgieumgagam had an increasing effect, which is similar to a normal state, on DG's neuron in hippocampus (P<0.001). In free radical scavenging assay, Bunsimgieumgagam had a superior free radical scavenging effect. And it showed a significant result with the high cell proliferation effect in MTT-based cytotoxicity assay(P<0.01, p<0.001) This result suggest that Bunsimgieumgagam has an anti-stress effect and a proliferation effect of neuron in dentate gyrus of hippocampus, and it shows the potential of Bunsimgieumgagam in the treatment for the various disorders derived from children's stress.