• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.739-745
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• 2011

The major objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from different parts (flower, leaf stem, and root) of Chrysanthemum zawadskii by employing various in-vitro assay systems. The extraction yields from the flower, leaf stem, and root were 18.347, 12.93, and 11.33-----, respectively. The total polyphenol content was highest in the flower (17.16 mg/100 g) and lowest in the root (11.33 mg/100 g). The antioxidant activities were raised within creasing amounts of extracts, and the extracts from the flower showed the highest effect on the superoxide anion radical scavenging, metal chelating on ferrous ions and reducing power. In addition, the leaf stem also showed good antioxidant activity in various systems. These results suggest that the methanolic extracts from the flower and leaf stem possess excellent antioxidant activities and may thus serve as potential sources of natural antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.426-432
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• 2013

The results of the content of total polyphenol and flavonoid, DPPH (1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging activity and SOD-like activity of methanol extracts from immature cotton boll are follows. The contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid compound were higher in small size cotton boll, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity also showed a relatively high activity in the small size. These results indicate that there is a correlation between phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging. The test concentrations of immature cotton boll extract for measuring DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were set as 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/ml. Immature cotton boll has high radical scavenging activity at the concentration of 1.25~20 mg/ml and the result showed a tendency to increase in a concentration-dependent. The nitrite scavenging activity showed high activity in the pH 1.2, and the result in the pH 4.2 showed progressively less active, and in the pH 6.0 near neutral was confirmed that does not affect the nitrite scavenging. In addition, SOD-like activity showed somewhat lower activity compared with ascorbic acid, but tended to be higher when compared with the results of the other natural substances. Through this experiment, we confirmed that immature cotton boll was excellent antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the cotton suggest the possibility of development of new material for cosmetic product or functional food in the future, and is expected to make a greater usability.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.577-584
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of imported tropical and subtropical fruits including dragon fruits, green kiwi, papaya, pineapple, pomegranate, and yellow mango. A seventy percent of ethanol extracts were prepared. Total phenolic content, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl)-, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and reducing power were investigated for the comparisons of antioxidant activities. The phenolic content expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) was found to be highest in pomegranate (12.22 mg GAE/g), followed by pineapple (3.77 mg GAE/g). Pomegranate and pineapple exhibited higher antioxidant activity than those of other fruits except for FRAP. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity from pomegranate were 93.00%, and 98.98%, respectively, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, which were equal to those of ascorbic acid used for a positive control.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.867-873
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• 2010

The total phenolic contents and the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of different parts (fruit, calyx, leaf, stem, and root) of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti were investigated using established in vitro systems including DPPH radical-scavenging, nitrite-scavenging, superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity, measurement of reducing power, and assessment of the metal-chelating effect. The highest extraction yield was from fruit (52.55%), whereas the lowest levels were obtained from root (10.49%) and stem (12.88%).The leaf extract had the highest total phenolic (58.47 mg/g) and total flavonoid (4.83 mg/g) contents, plus the greatest antioxidant activity, as shown by the DPPH radical-scavenging assay, and the highest levels of reducing power at concentrations of 1 and 5 mg/mL. In addition, the calyx also showed good antioxidant activity.These findings indicate that methanolic extracts of leaf and calyx may be useful in the food manufacturing and nutraceutical industries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1793-1798
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• 2015

Antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts from Coriolus versicolor were investigated for their total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging activity. C. versicolor extracts were produced by organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were higher than those in the methanol extract. DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extract showed the highest value of 80.3%, which was similar to that of ascorbic acid (85.5%). All extracts showed good (>90.0%) ABTS cation radical scavenging activity. The antimicrobial activities of these extracts from C. versicolor were evaluated against six strains of bacteria using the disc diffusion method. All extracts showed antimicrobial activities against all tested bacteria except Staphylococcus aureus. These results indicate that various extracts from C. versicolor could be useful as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 2009

Present studies were conducted to investigate the effects of water and 80% ethanol solvent on antioxidant activities of flower extracts of Chrysanthemum frutescens, Coreopsis lanceolata, Matricaria recutica, and Hieracium pilosella. Extraction yields of water extracts ranged 27.15~40.25% and 80% ethanol extracts 24.92~42.84%, respectively. In all species polyphenol and flavonoid contents were higher with 80% ethanol extraction, especially in C. lanceolata. Same results were obtained with scavenging effects on DPPH and ABTS radicals and ferrous ion chelating effects. Scavenging activity of flower extracts on DPPH radicals was highest in H pilosella - higher than that of synthetic antioxidant DHT. Higher scavenging activity on ABTS radicals was observed with M. recutica. Generally Compositae flower extracts exhibited higher scavenging activity on ABTS radicals than DPPH. Scavenging activity on ABTS radicals of M. recutica and P pilosella were superior to those of ascorbic acid and BHT. Ferrous ion chelating effects were much higher with H. pilosella flower extracts by 80% ethanol. Chelating effects of 4 species were much lower than those of EDTA. In conclusion, to develop natural antioxidant from above 4 Compositae species, 80% ethanol is recommended for efficient solvent to obtain maximum antioxidant isolation and activity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.402-407
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative effects of AY by measuring 1.1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical ($^{\cdot}OH$), and superoxide radical ($O_2{^-}$) scavenging activities in vitro. AY was extracted with ethanol and then partitioned with n-hexane, methylene chloride ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethylacetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH). In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, AY at concentrations of 10 to $100{\mu}g/mL$ dose-dependently increased inhibition of DPPH oxidation, with the EtOAc fraction of AY showing the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity fractions. The $^{\cdot}OH$ radical scavenging activities of the extract and four fractions of AY increased by over 80% at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. In particular, the IC50 value of the EtOAc fraction was $0.03{\mu}g/mL$, which was the lowest value among all fractions. We also found that the EtOAc fraction of AY was better at $O_2{^-}$ radical scavenging than other fractions. Taken together, these results suggest that AY, especially the EtOAc fraction, can be used as a natural antioxidant against free radicals.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2009

The attempts to develop natural antioxidants have been made with aerial part of 16 Compositae species by analyzing their phenolic compound contents, scavenging activities on 1,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, ferrous ion chelating effects and inhibition effects on peroxidation of linoleic acids. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in Matricaria recutica. Scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals were highest with extracts of Echinacea angustifolia and Serratula coronata var. insularis f. insularis, respectively. Aerial palt extracts of all species showed lower DPPH scavenging activity than ascorbic acid and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT). But Serratula coronata var. insularis f. insularis demonstrated higher ABTS scavenging activity than ascorbic acid and BHT. In Hieracium pilosella, Echinacea angustifolia, Matricaria reculica extracts showed higher ABTS scavenging activity than BHT. Ferrous ion chelating effects was highest with Matricaria recutica extract, but the effects were much lower than ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The inhibition activity in lipid peroxidation of linoleic acids was highest in Eupatorium japonicum with 90.06% inhibition 4 days after reaction and 40.52% after 24 days. This demonstrated higher inhibition activity and longer lasting than BHT. Aerial part of Matricaria recutica for extraction source, rather than flower, has higher potential for antiox.idant material. In conclusion, development of natural antioxidants in Compositae is possible by studying antioxidant activity of each species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2010

Phenolic compound contents and scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals in twelve fern species were studied by analysing ultrasonification extraction of dried aerial parts and rhizomes using methanol solvent. Total polyphenol content ranged from 2.97 to 140.1 mg per 1 g dried sample and 0.80 to $49.58\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ fresh sample. Highest polyphenol content was obtained with aerial part of Davallia mariesii and Polystichum lepidocaulon. Total flavonoid content of dried sample was $2.56{\sim}34.91\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and fresh sample $0.71{\sim}11.49\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$. Higher flavonoids were obtained with dried aerial part of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, but with fresh aerial part of P. lepidocaulon. In general, total polyphenol content was higher in rhizomes, except in case of total flavonoid. Scavenging effects on DPPH and ABTS radicals was higher with rhizome extracts compared to aerial parts. The rhizome of Polystichum polyblepharum showed highest effects on both radicals. However, the amount of fresh sample for $RC_{50}$ with consideration of water content and extraction yield. P. lepidocaulon aerial part was more advantageous than P. polyblepharum rhizome. All the fern extracts except for the Coniogramme japonica extract demonstrated superior scavenging effects on ABTS radicals, being similar activity of ascorbic acid and BHT.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.428-435
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• 2019

Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) is a marine fish species belonging to the family Gadidae. In this study, whether the Alaska Polloack Roe have antioxidant properties, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydroazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (OH) reducing activity, and nitric oxide radical (NO) scavenging activity were evaluated in distilled water extract (DWE) and ethanol extract (ETE) of raw Alaska pollock roe, Gochujang Pollock roe, and fermented seasoned Pollock roe. The DPPH scavenging activity of the DWE with Gochujang Pollock roe was 71.9% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml and that of the ETE was 73.7% at the same concentration. The DPPH scavenging activity of the DWE with fermented seasoned Pollock roe was 78.0% at 1.0 mg/ml, whereas that of ETE was 78.4% at the same concentration. The $IC_{50}$ values of the DWE and ETE of raw Pollock roe for DPPH were $11.65{\mu}g/ml$ and $11.47{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The OH scavenging activities of raw Pollock roe, Gochujang Pollock roe, and fermented seasoned Pollock roe ethanolic extracts at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml were 70.9%, 79.0, and 80.6%, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of the DWE and EWE of raw Pollock roe for NO were $11.45{\mu}g/ml$ and $11.41{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The DPPH, OH, and NO scavenging abilities in DWEs and ETEs of Gochujang and fermented seasoned Pollock roe were higher than those of instant (no Gochujang or season treatment) treatment Pollock roe. Both the Gochujang and fermented seasoned Pollock roes have natural radical scavenging ability and may be useful potential antioxidant food supplements.