• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.405-408
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• 2005

To induce the enhanced mutants of dinitroaniline herbicide pendimethalin degrading bacterium, Bacillus sp. MS202 was irradiated with gamma radiation at the dose of $LD_{99}$ (3.35 kGy). Three enhanced mutants (MS202m7, MS202m14, MS202m18) were isolated from the candidates by the generation - isolation method. Clear zone formation and the GC analysis confirmed that the degrading activity of each enhanced mutant (MS202m7, MS202m14, MS202m18), the formation of pendimethalin metabolite, increased by $11\%,\;45\%,\;and\;32\%$ than a wild type, respectively. It suggested that these mutants induced by gamma radiation could be useful for the application of pesticide degradation.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

Protein kinases are the most important drug targets for the treatment of numerous diseases. The involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in many biological processes such as development, memory, cell differentiation, and proliferation has been demonstrated. PKC is recognized as an important player in carcinogenesis. Thus, a variety of PKC inhibitors have been investigated. Among them, flavonoids have been demonstrated to affect the activity of many mammalian in vitro enzyme systems. The recent investigation was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of hesperidin, which is a flavonoid, on the proliferation and carcinogenesis of many cancers. In this study, an efficient kinase assay based on a biochip using radio-phosphorylation was established and performed for an examination of the inhibitory effects of hesperidin on PKC activity at different concentrations of 50, 200, 500 nM. It was found that hesperidin shows inhibitory potency on PKC, and that the biochip can be used to rapidly screen kinase inhibitors resulting in the therapeutic agents.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cell proliferating and interleukin-2 producing activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B by gamma-irradiation. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B was gamma-irradiated with the various doses of 0, 2, 20 and 50 kGy. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that gamma-irradiation caused the sharp decrease of the content of staphylococcal enterotoxin B and the effect was irradiating dose-dependent. Non-irradiated staphylococcal enterotoxin B increased the cell proliferation of splenocytes isolated from female Balb/c mouse, whereas 2 kGy-irradiated toxin significantly decreased the activity. 20 and 50 kGy-irradiated staphylococcal enterotoxin B was no effect. A similar effect on the interleukin-2 production of mouse splenocytes was observed with non-irradiated and irradiated staphylococcal enterotoxin B. It was considered to be due to the decrease of the antigenicity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B by gamma-irradiation. Therefore, these results suggest that gamma-irradiation can be effective for the decrease of the antigenicity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B as superantigen.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1305-1309
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effects of $\gamma$-irradiation on immunomodulating properties and structural changes of ${\beta}$-glucan. ${\beta}$-Glucan solutions (10 mg/mL) were ${\gamma}$-irradiated at 10, 30, and 50 kGy. Splenocyte proliferation and cytokine (interferon-${\gamma}$ and interlukin-2) productions by ${\gamma}$-irradiated ${\beta}$-glucan were evaluated in in vivo and in vitro, and structural changes of ${\beta}$-glucan were also determined after ${\gamma}$-irradiation. ${\gamma}$-Irradiation on ${\beta}$-glucan at 50 kGy enhanced splenocyte proliferation and cytokine productions, (p<0.05) and cleft glycosidic bonds of ${\beta}$-glucan resulting in lower the molecular weight. These results indicate that the use of ${\gamma}$-irradiation on ${\beta}$-glucan may be useful for improving its immunological activity by lowering the molecular weight of ${\beta}$-glucan.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 1985

The objectives of present study is to investigate genetic damage of radiation in mammalian male germ cell and. to establish available screening method for determining genetic hazard by radiation. Several methods were employed to measure the genetic damage of radiation as follows: Sperm head counts, frequency occurrence of sperm with abnormal head shape, fertility, activity of LDH-X, and the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (U.D.S.) in male mouse were performed with the passing of time after irradiation by making use of the sequence of event that occurs during spermatogenesis. Sperm head counts and activity of LDH-X in testes were gradually reduced by increased radiation dose and with the passing of the time after irradiation. Frequency occurrence of sperm with abnormal head shape, sterile period, and the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis were increased by increased radiation dose. It is suggested that since germ cell is a direct reflection of genetic complement, the use of male germ cell is rapid and convenient method for measuring genetic damage by radiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.712-716
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• 2011

We investigated changes in the extraction yield and whitening activity of polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll due to gamma irradiation. U. pinnatifida sporophyll was gamma-irradiated at doses of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 kGy, then extracted with hot water and precipitated with ethanol to extract polysaccharides. Crude polysaccharide yields increased with an increase in irradiation dosage, but tyrosinase inhibition activity did not change. Melanin synthesis did not significantly differ between B16BL6 cells treated with irradiated and non-irradiated samples. In conclusion, gamma irradiation increased the crude polysaccharide extraction yield but did not change the whitening activity of U. pinnatifida sporophyll. This implies that gamma irradiation can be used to increase yields in the cosmetic industry, thus increasing profits.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.309.1-309.1
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• 2002

Ginsan, a polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng. was earlier scrutinized for a biological-response modifier. We further studied the protective and restorative activity of Ginsan against sublethal dose irradiation owing to increase production of endogenous hematopoietic growth factors such as IL-1. TNF-${\alpha}$. IL-6, GM-CSF. Which induce strong redox-emzyme elevation. Exposing to radiation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). which play an important causative role in radiation damage. (omitted)

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

When the calibration on Liquid Scintillation Counter using the Solid $^3H$ Standard Source of 200,000DPM is executed, the uncertainty due to activity and geometry difference, exists. Therefore, this paper intends to evaluate environmental samples comparatively accurately as decreasing this uncertainty existing in the process of calibration. For this, measurements on samples manufactured by $^3H$ Standard Source and sensitivity study were performed. Also, this paper verified calibration results using Radioactivity-Error-Analysis Method, and evaluated quantitatively the effect by geometry and activity difference based on verification result. According to the result of sensitivity study, in case of using the exposure time of 75 sec and Repeat method, the measuring accuracy and precision of about $1{\sim}3%$ were increased in comparison with the existing method. By analysis result, the effect by activity difference did not appear, and a plastic cell existing into Teflon vial made a role as reflector. The less the effect of plastic cells are decreased, the more activity is high, and the effect of those can be neglected at the activity of 200,000 DPM.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4367-4375
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• 2016

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer and radio-sensitizing efficacy of a Withania somnifera extract/Gadolinium III oxide nanocomposite (WSGNC) in mice. WSGNC was injected to solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice via i.p. (227 mg/kg body weight) 3 times/week during 3 weeks. Irradiation was performed by whole body fractionated exposure to 6Gy, applied in 3 doses of 2 Gy/week over 3 weeks. Biochemical analyses as well as DNA fragmentation were performed. Treatment of solid Ehrlich carcinoma bearing mice with WSGNC combined with ${\gamma}$-radiation led to a significant decrease in the tumor size and weight associated with a significant decrease in mitochondrial enzyme activities, GSH content and SOD activity as well as a significant increase in caspase-3 activity, MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation in cancer tissues. Combined treatment of WSGNC and low dose of ${\gamma}$-radiation showed great amelioration in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status (GSH content and SOD activity) in liver tissues in animals bearing tumors. It is concluded that WSGNC can be considered as a radio-sensitizer and anticancer modulator, suggesting a possible role in reducing the radiation exposure dose during radiotherapy.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2011

This study was investigated the effect of tumor cell cytotoxicity of gamma irradiated Chaga mushroom extract (CME). CME was prepared by hot water extraction at $70^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours and lyophilized. $Ten\;mg\;ml^{-1}$ of lyophilized CME powder was dissolved with deionized water and then irradiated at the doses of 10, 50, 100, and 150kGy by cobalt 60 gamma irradiator. The gamma-irradiated and non-irradiated CME were treated into the cancer cell, including human stomach cancer and human colon cancer. Cytotoxicity against the cancer cell was increased in gamma-irradiated CME and antioxidant activity was also increased in gamma-irradiated CME, as irradiation dose increased. Therefore, it was considered that gamma irradiation was effective method for improvement of the cancer cell cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of Chaga mushroom extract.